The aim of this work is to develop an industrially suitable process for the sustainable waste disposal in wine production. The proposed process involves the development of an environmentally friendly ...method for the isolation of biologically active compounds from Graševina grape pomace according to the green extraction principles, in order to obtain a ready-to-use extract. In this process, deep eutectic solvents (DES) were used as extraction solvents. Aiming to save time in selecting the optimal DES that would provide the most efficient Graševina pomace polyphenols extraction, the user-friendly software COSMOtherm was used and 45 DES were screened. Moreover, the prepared extracts were chemically and biologically characterized to confirm their safety for human application. Computational and experimental results proved the applicability of COSMOtherm in the selection of the optimal DES for the environmentally friendly preparation of the ready-to-use extract from Graševina grape pomace with expected application in the cosmetic industry.
The aim of this work was to develop a simple and easy-to-apply model to predict the pH values of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) over a wide range of pH values that can be used in daily work. For this ...purpose, the pH values of 38 different DESs were measured (ranging from 0.36 to 9.31) and mathematically interpreted. To develop mathematical models, DESs were first numerically described using σ profiles generated with the COSMOtherm software. After the DESs’ description, the following models were used: (i) multiple linear regression (MLR), (ii) piecewise linear regression (PLR), and (iii) artificial neural networks (ANNs) to link the experimental values with the descriptors. Both PLR and ANN were found to be applicable to predict the pH values of DESs with a very high goodness of fit (R2independent validation > 0.8600). Due to the good mathematical correlation of the experimental and predicted values, the σ profile generated with COSMOtherm could be used as a DES molecular descriptor for the prediction of their pH values.
In the past few years, research efforts have focused on plant exploitation for deriving some valuable compounds. Extraction has been usually performed using petrochemical and volatile organic ...solvents, but nowadays, increased recognition of environmental pollution has prompted the utilization of green solvents as alternatives. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to exploit deep eutectic solvents (DES) (choline chloride: citric acid and choline chloride: glucose) as solvents for extracting valuable phenolic antioxidants from grapes. Investigation was conducted on ten grape varieties, observing seeds and skin as different matrix. Total polyphenol content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric microassay. Antioxidant activity was investigated using four different tests and results were combined in a unique Antioxidant Composite Index (ACI) to reveal comprehensive information about this biological activity. Polyphenol compounds were identified and quantified with the aim of HPLC-diode array detector (DAD). Overall results support that DES (particularly choline chloride: citric acid) were comparable to conventional solvent, and in most cases even outperformed acidified aqueous ethanol (concerning extraction efficiency and antioxidant activity). Regardless of varietal distinctions, grape seeds have higher antioxidant capacity compared to grape skin, and such findings are according to their phenol compound concentrations.
This research paper presents an advanced exploration into the utilization of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) combined with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) to achieve higher ...concentrations of polyphenols from Graševina grape pomace. Focusing on optimizing extraction parameters to maximize the yield of polyphenols, this study evaluates their potential industrial applications, particularly within the food and cosmetics sectors. The effectiveness of betaine/glucose (BGlc) NADESs in producing stable, ready-to-use extracts with enhanced bioavailability and eco-friendly attributes is underscored. The integration of UAE with BGlc NADESs has shown significant scalability and applicability for industrial use, as evidenced by the extracts’ collagenase-inhibitory effects, determined using a ninhydrin-based colorimetric assay showing the significant inhibition of gelatine degradation and scratch tests on cultured skin cells, demonstrating enhanced cell migration and wound healing, indicating their potential in anti-aging cosmetic products. Additionally, the results from PAMPA tests demonstrated that NADES extraction significantly enhances the intestinal absorption of polyphenols from grape pomace extracts compared to conventional solvents, highlighting the potential of NADESs to improve the bioavailability of these compounds and offering promising implications for their application in the food industry. Furthermore, the research highlights the practicality of directly incorporating these extracts into products, such as anti-aging creams and functional foods, supporting sustainability initiatives within the cosmetic and food industries. This work aims to provide a comprehensive guide to green extraction techniques on a preparative scale, showcasing the versatility and innovative applications of NADES-extracted compounds across various industries, thereby paving the way for the development of eco-conscious and effective products.
•Eco-friendly extraction method for grape pomace anthocyanins were developed.•Simultaneous ultrasound/microwave-assisted extraction were used.•Extraction with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) ...on larger scale was performed.•Anthocyanins were efficiently recovered from NADES, which were successfully recycled.•NADES extraction and recyclaction method is scalable.
Bioactive compounds should be extracted using alternative solvents and enabling technologies, in accordance with green extraction principles. The aim of this study is to develop an eco-friendly extraction method for grape-pomace anthocyanins on a larger scale. From a preliminary screening of 8 different natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), a combination of choline chloride:citric acid was selected because of its price, physicochemical properties, and anthocyanin recovery and stability. The effects of multimode-microwave (MW), and low-frequency-ultrasound (US) irradiation (used alone or simultaneously), as well as that of process parameters on extraction efficiency have been investigated in order to maximise anthocyanin extraction yield. The best conditions were found to be: simultaneous ultrasound/microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE) (MW power at 300 W, US power 50 W), for 10 min with 30% (v/v) of water. This gave 1.77 mg gdw−1 of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins were efficiently recovered from NADES, which were recycled. The optimised procedure was scaled up to a half-litre batch.
People have used carnivorous plants of the genus Sarracenia in folk medicine for centuries due to the biochemical composition of Sarracenia plants, which are rich in numerous bioactive compounds with ...anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral and antibacterial properties. The subject of this study was the genetic transformation of Sarracenia purpurea L. with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains 15834, 9402 and A4 using two different methods: bacterial injection or co-culture of the bacteria with plant explants. This study confirmed the possibility of hairy root induction in S. purpurea using A. rhizogenes strain 15834 and the injection method. Seven lines of transformed plants, exhibiting the integration of the rolB gene, were obtained. The hairy roots formed showed morphological differences in comparison to the roots of unmodified plants. A mathematical model was used to optimize the conditions for the extraction of bioactive compounds. Extracts isolated under optimal conditions from the transformed plants showed biochemical changes, i.e., an increase in the accumulation of total polyphenols (line 7#1 in hairy roots: 71.048 mg GAE g−1 DW; in leaves: 9.662 mg GAE g−1 DW) and triterpenes (line 7#1 in hairy roots: 1.248 mg BA g−1 DW; in leaves: 0.463 mg BA g−1 DW) in comparison to untransformed plants (polyphenols in roots: 7.957 mg GAE g−1 DW and in leaves: 5.091 mg GAE g−1 DW; triterpenes in roots: 0.298 mg BA g−1 DW and in leaves: 0.296 mg BA g−1 DW), especially when induced roots were analyzed. HPLC analysis showed an increase in the level of betulinic acid in some transformed Sarracenia lines. Betulinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound with high pharmacological significance.
Olive leaves are a rich source of polyphenols that have beneficial antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemic, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to compare the ...efficiency of conventional extraction (CE), microwave-assisted extraction (MWE), and microwave–ultrasound-assisted extraction (MWUE) for the extraction of bioactive molecules from olive leaves using water as a solvent and to define the optimal extraction conditions for all three methods used. CE conditions (temperature, time, magnetic stirrer rotational rate and particle diameter) and MWE extraction and MWUE conditions (microwave power, time, particle diameter, and temperature) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box–Behnken experimental design. The total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of all prepared extracts was analyzed and compared. The results showed that MWUE provided the highest amount of total polyphenols (Total Polyphenolic Content (TPC) = 273.779 ± 4.968 mgGAE gd.m.−1) and the highest antioxidant activity, which was about 3.1 times higher than CE. Optimal extraction conditions were determined to be 80 °C, 15 min, 200 μm, and 750 min-1 for CE, 700 W, 7.5 min, 300 μm, and 80 °C for MWE, and 800 W, 5 min, 100 μm, and 60 °C for MWUE. Considering the maximum amount of total polyphenols extracted, the results suggest that MWUE is the most effective green extraction process that extracted the highest amount of polyphenols and could be used by the food industry for commercial exploitation of currently unprofitable plant bioactive sources.
Niskotemperaturna eutektička otapala intenzivno se proučavaju kao ekološki prihvatljiva zamjena za štetna, u industriji tradicionalno sveprisutna organska otapala. Struktura te fizikalno-kemijska ...svojstva tih otapala mogu se dizajnirati za specifične namjene tako da zadovoljavaju tehnološke i ekonomske zahtjeve industrije, stoga su se pokazala vrlo učinkovitima u različitim područjima poput elektrokemije, organske sinteze i (bio)katalize, biotehnologije i prehrambene tehnologije, farmaceutskog inženjerstva te biomedicine. Ovaj rad donosi pregled znanstvene literature vezane uz karakteristična svojstva, pripravu i primjenu, ali i izazove primjene niskotemperaturnih eutektičkih otapala u industrijskom mjerilu.
Designing a biocatalytic process involving deep eutectic solvents Panić, Manuela; Cvjetko Bubalo, Marina; Radojčić Redovniković, Ivana
Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (1986),
January 2021, 2021-01-00, 20210101, Volume:
96, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Green and sustainable chemistry principles have been employed in different industries to create greener and safer chemicals and processes, by replacing hazardous solvents with safer and more ...efficient ones. A state-of-the-art analysis on deep eutectic systems (DES) shows their consistent growth in the fields of chemistry, particularly as extraction solvents, mainly of bioactive compounds from natural sources. In this sense, a patent review was carried out, to highlight the relevance of DES, formed by natural compounds, in the cosmetic industry and the commercial added value of this technology at the industrial scale. Despite their good extraction efficiency, DES physicochemical properties need to be considered, as they may present some limitations in the process scale-up. This implies the study of several parameters, such as the cost of raw materials, the investment necessary to adapt or implement new equipment, energy consumption (for instance for pumping, heating, and stirring), and treatment of any by-products and wastes, in both the upstream and the downstream operations. Due to their inherent properties, DES can also be used as stabilizing agents of the bioactive compounds extracted, allowing their direct use in final products, namely in cosmetics, which is translated into a reduction of the downstream costs. This work further reports a case study of the extraction of grape anthocyanins with DES, and the necessary steps required to take this process from a laboratory scale to an industrial scale, targeting the cosmetic industry.
Display omitted
•From lab to industry: the first application of natural deep eutectic systems (NADES) in cosmetic industry.•Patent dynamics and IP on extraction of bioactive compounds using NADES.•Scale-up analysis of processes using NaDES: raw materials, physico-chemical properties, downstream, purification, recycling.•Techno-economic evaluation of bioactive extraction using NADES: extraction of anthocyanins from grape pomace.
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