The headspace compounds of teleme cheese made from sheep's milk, goats' milk or mixture of sheep's and goats' milk (50:50) were analysed during ripening by static headspace gas chromatography-mass ...spectrometry. A total of 21 major compounds were identified, including aldehydes (7), alcohols (5), ketones (4), and acids (2). All types of cheeses contained approximately the same volatiles at different concentrations. The total volatile compounds (TVC) increased during ripening. Cheeses made from sheep's milk showed the highest level of TVC, whereas cheeses made from goats' milk showed the lowest one.
The purpose of this study was to further investigate the previously suggested high sensitivity of the 15D instrument to diabetic retinopathy (DR) by examining: i) its dimensional sensitivity in ...patients differing in DR severity, and ii) its dimensional relationship with a well-known vision-targeted health status instrument. Eighty five diabetes patients with non-proliferative or proliferative DR completed the 15D and the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25-item (NEI-VFQ-25) instruments. Dimensional response distributions were examined with chi-square, and mean VFQ25 and 15D dimension score differences with ANCOVA. Dimensional relationships between the instruments were assessed with correlations and ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions. Patients with proliferative DR scored significantly lower (
P
< 0.05 or better) on 9/15 and 10/12 of the 15D and VFQ25 dimensions respectively. Correlations were mostly strong (>0.50) and significant (
P
< 0.001). Most OLS models with 15D dimensions as predictors of VFQ25 subscales showed high explanatory power (adjusted
R
2
> 0.85 in 10/13 models), with ocular pain being the only exception (
R
2
= 0.44). The 15D’s seeing dimension was a significant predictor of 10 VFQ25 scales, whereas speech was not significant in any model. 15D utilities discriminated between the DR subsamples, supporting its appropriateness in this group. Its dimensions (seeing in particular), explained large portions of variance in NEI-VFQ25 scales, implying a strong association with this vision-targeted instrument. These findings might help to explain why 15D performs well in DR and support its use for QALY calculations. However, the need remains for further testing in larger and more diverse samples.
Water-soluble extracts of Teleme cheeses prepared from sheep, goat or cow milk and matured 120 days have been analysed for constituent peptides and proteins using proteomics. Techniques used include: ...(a) two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation/mass spectrometry, (b) high-performance liquid chromatography in conjunction with mass spectrometry and Edman degradation and (c) tandem mass spectrometry. Gel electrophoresis showed species-specific differences in whey proteins and peptides from caseins but differences could not be resolved unambiguously using available databases. From high-performance liquid chromatography individual peaks were shown to be composed of a spectrum of peptides, with α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin and a spectrum of casein-derived peptides most abundant. Tandem mass spectrometry detected casein-derived peptides with mass range 3000–1500
Da and identified species-specific differences. Overall, the peptide profile for Teleme cheese is typical of other cheeses and the species milk source can be resolved through proteomics.
Teleme cheeses were manufactured from ewe's, goat's and cow's milk and mixture of ewe's and goat's milk. Physicochemical and biochemical analyses of the cheeses at various stages of ripening and ...storage were performed. Cheeses made from goat's milk had lower moisture content than those made from other milks. No significant differences in the mean values of protein, salt and water activity (a
w
) of the different cheeses at all ages studied were found. Cheeses from goat's and cow's milk had higher contents of fat and fat in dry matter (FDM) compared to that of cheeses from ewe's milk and mixed milk. Significant differences were observed in the yield and yield on 56% moisture: cheeses from ewe's milk gave the highest yield and cheese from cow's milk the lowest. Significant differences were found in the ashes content of the different cheeses at all ages. No differences in cholesterol and cholesterol/fat contents of the four types of cheeses were found. Main and trace elements showed variability among the four cheeses.
The last three years have seen remarkable progress in comprehending predisposing factors and upgrading our treatment arsenal concerning hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Until recently, there were no ...means to withstand the progression of viral hepatitis-associated liver cirrhosis to HCC. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism of the disease, the use of biomarkers, and the follow-up, allowed us to realize that conventional chemotherapy failing to increase survival in patients with advanced HCC tends to be exiled from clinical practice. Multi-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as sorafenib, lenvatinib targeting mainly the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1-3 VEGFRs 1-3 provided until recently the standard of care for these patients, as first- or second-line treatment. Since May 2020, the atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combination (immunotherapy plus anti-VEGF) has become the new reference standard in first-line HCC treatment. Additionally, anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) immunotherapy can be used as a second-line treatment following first-line treatment's failure. Phase III clinical trials have recently suggested the efficacy of novel anti-angiogenic factors such as cabozantinib and ramucirumab as a second-line treatment option. With considerations about toxicity arising, clinical trials are investigating combinations of the aforementioned targeted therapies with immunotherapy as first-line treatment. This paper aims to perform a systematic review describing the evolving treatment options for HCC over the last decades, ranging from neoadjuvant treatment to systemic therapy of advanced-stage HCC. With the landscape of HCC treatment shifting towards novel agents the forming of a new therapeutic algorithm for HCC seems to be imperative.
Greek Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) cheeses are characterised by high nutritional values and origin traits. The aim of the study was to determine the content of 65 elements, of Greek PDO ...cheeses, through inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and examine the elemental metabolome as a potential authenticity marker. One hundred twelve samples from 21 PDO, one potential PDO and nine non-PDO cheeses were assessed. Discriminant analysis based on total fingerprinting was able to determine the geographic origin with 99.1% accuracy. The most significant variables of the model were Ce, Dy, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Nd, Pr, Sm, Tb, Y, Yb, Pd, As, Ba, Co, Fe, Ga, Mo, Ni, Ti, Zr, Ca and P. The results demonstrate that elemental metabolomics can be successfully applied for cheese authentication. The elemental fingerprint could provide a reliable discrimination while rare earth elements are promising authenticity markers.
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