Objective: To test the construct validity of the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey, using structural equation modeling (SEM). Methods: Cross -sectional survey was conducted. Data were collected ...from 1007 participants in a stratified sample of adult general population, interviewed face-to-face by trained interviewers. Results: SEM analyses supported the superiority of the eight first-order factor model of health. Higher -order analyses suggested that a model with three correlated second-order factors (physical health, general well-being, general mental health) and one third-order factor (health) provided a satisfactory fit to the data. Conclusions: These results confirm the multidimensional structure of the SF-36 and underscore the feasibility of multinational comparisons of health status using this instrument. They also support the use of eight subscale scores in parallel with three second -order summary scores rather than one overall score.
Feta cheese was manufactured by using artisanal rennet from kids and lambs abomasa and allowed to ripen and store either in tin vessels or wooden barrels. In this study the effect of package type on ...composition, proteolysis, lipolysis and volatile compounds of cheeses was investigated. Feta cheese ripened and stored in wooden barrels had lower moisture contents than Feta cheese stored in tins. Also Feta in barrels had higher fat and lower salt contents than Feta cheeses stored in tins at 60days of storage, while at 180days the fat and salt contents were almost the same for all cheeses. Proteolysis and lipolysis (total free fatty acids) were similar in the cheeses and were not affected by the package type. The most abundant volatile compounds in all cheeses were the free fatty acids and especially acetic, butanoic, hexanoic, octanoic and decanoic acids. Other major compounds were ethanol and 3-methylbutanol. Feta cheese ripened and stored in wooden barrels had higher levels of acetone, butan-2-one, ethyl esters especially ethylacetate, ethylbutanoate, ethylhexanoate, ethyllactate, ethyloctanoate and ethyldecanoate, phenylethylacetate, 3-methylbutylacetate, 2-phenylethylacetate, as well as butan-1-ol, heptan-2-ol, phenylethanol and decanoic acid than Feta cheese ripened in tin vessels, during storage.
In a two country world where each country has a traded and a non-traded sector and each sector has sticky prices, optimal independent policy in general cannot replicate the natural-rate allocations. ...There are potential welfare gains from coordination since the planner under a cooperating regime internalizes a terms-of-trade externality that independent policymakers overlook. If the countries have symmetric trading structures, however, the gains from coordination are quantitatively small. With asymmetric trading structures, the gains can be sizable since, in addition to internalizing the terms-of-trade externality, the planner optimally engineers a terms-of-trade bias that favors the country with a larger traded sector.
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