Aim of the present study was planned to determine the protective role of naringin in attenuating the toxicity induced by nickel sulfate in rat liver. In this investigation nickel sulfate (20
mg/kg ...body weight) was administered intraperitoneally for 20
days to induce toxicity. Naringin was administered orally (20, 40 and 80
mg/kg body weight) for 20
days with intraperitoneal administration of nickel sulfate. Liver injury was measured by the increased activities of serum hepatic enzymes namely aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase and total bilirubin along with increased elevation of lipid peroxidation markers, thiobarbituric reactive acid substances, lipid hydroperoxides, protein carbonyl content and conjugated dienes. The toxic effect of nickel was also indicated by significantly decreased activities of enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and non-enzymatic antioxidants like reduced glutathione, total sulfhydryl groups, vitamin C and vitamin E levels were significantly decreased. Naringin administered at a dose of 80
mg/kg body weight significantly reversed the activities of hepatic marker enzymes, decreasing lipid peroxidative markers, increasing the antioxidant cascade and decreasing the nickel concentration in the liver. The effect at a dose of 80
mg/kg body weight was more pronounced than that of other two doses (20 and 40
mg/kg body weight). All these changes were supported by histopathological observations. These results clearly demonstrate that naringin has the potential in alleviating the toxic effects of nickel in rat liver.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diosmin on hepatic key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. Diosmin was ...administered to streptozotocin-induced (45 mg/kg b.w) diabetic rats at different doses (25, 50, 100 mg/kg b.w) for 45 days to assess its effect on fasting plasma glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin and carbohydrate metabolic enzymes, it was found that plasma glucose was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner when compared to the diabetic control. In addition, oral administration of diosmin (100 mg/kg b.w) significantly decreased glycosylated hemoglobin and increased hemoglobin and plasma insulin. The activities of the hepatic key enzymes such as hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly increased whereas, glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were significantly decreased. Furthermore, protection against body weight loss of diabetic animals was also observed. These results showed that diosmin has potential antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats.
Oxidative stress has been suggested to be a contributory factor in development and complication of diabetes. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), one of ...the active metabolites of curcumin on antioxidants status in streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of THC at 80 mg/kg body weight of diabetic rats for 45 days resulted in significant reduction in blood glucose and significant increase in plasma insulin levels. In addition, THC caused significant increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E in liver and kidney of diabetic rats with significant decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hydroperoxides formation in liver and kidney, suggesting its role in protection against lipid peroxidation induced membrane damage. These biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of liver and kidney section. The antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of THC are more potent than those of curcumin at the same dose. Results of the present study indicated that THC showed antioxidant effect in addition to its antidiabetic effect in type 2 diabetic rats.
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•The antihyperglycemic effect of tyrosol was evaluated in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.•Tyrosol treatment ameliorated plasma glucose and insulin in diabetic rats.•Also, ...tyrosol ameliorated carbohydrate metabolic enzymes and regenerated β-cells of pancreas in diabetic rats.•The observed effects of tyrosol are due to its antioxidant property.
The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of tyrosol, a phenolic compound, on the activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in the control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40mg/kg body weight). Experimental rats were administered tyrosol 1ml intra gastrically at the doses of 5, 10 and 20mg/kg body weight and glibenclamide 1ml at a dose of 600μg/kg body weight once a day for 45days. At the end of the experimental period, diabetic control rats exhibited significant (p<0.05) increase in plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin with significant (p<0.05) decrease in plasma insulin, total hemoglobin and body weight. The activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase were significantly (p<0.05) increased and the activities of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the liver and kidney of diabetic control rats. Further, antioxidants were lowered in diabetic control rats. A significant (p<0.05) decline in glycogen level in the liver and muscle and glycogen synthase activity in the liver and a significant (p<0.05) increase in the activity of liver glycogen phosphorylase were observed in diabetic control rats compared to normal control rats. Oral administration of tyrosol to diabetic rats reversed all the above mentioned biochemical parameters to near normal in a dose dependent manner. Tyrosol at a dose of 20mg/kg body weight showed the highest significant effect than the other two doses. Immunohistochemical staining of pancreas revealed that tyrosol treated diabetic rats showed increased insulin immunoreactive β-cells, which confirmed the biochemical findings. The observed results were compared with glibenclamide, a standard oral hypoglycemic drug. The results of the present study suggest that tyrosol decreases hyperglycemia, by its antioxidant effect.
The present study was hypothesized to evaluated the antihyperlipidemic effect of diosmin (DS) on lipid metabolism in experimental diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced male albino Wistar rats by ...intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg b.w.) 15 min after the ip administration of nicotinamide (NA) (110 mg/kg b.w.). DS were administered to diabetic rats intragastrically at 100 mg/kg b.w. for 45 days. The levels of plasma and tissue lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides) (TGs), free fatty acids (FFAs) and phospholipids (PLs), low density, very low-density lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL), and high-density-cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. The activities of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) were assayed. The levels of plasma and tissue lipids decreased with significant increase in HDL-C levels. The altered activities of lipid metabolic enzymes were restored to near normal. The present findings suggest that DS can potentially ameliorate lipid abnormalities in experimental diabetes.
The present study was to evaluate the protective role of hesperidin (HDN) against iron-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats. Administration of iron (30 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally for ...10 days, the levels of serum hepatic markers, renal functional markers, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation markers and iron concentration in blood were significantly (
< 0.05) increased. The toxic effect of iron was also indicated by significant (
< 0.05) decrease in the levels of plasma, liver and kidney of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Administration of hesperidin at different doses (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg body weight) significantly (
< 0.05) reversed the levels of serum hepatic markers, renal functional markers, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation markers, restored the levels of hepatic, renal enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants with decrease in iron concentration in blood. Hesperidin at a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight exhibits significant protection on hepatic and renal when compared with other two doses (20 and 40 mg/kg body weight). All these changes were corroborating by histological observations of liver and kidney. This study demonstrated the protective role of hesperidin in reducing toxic effects of iron in experimental rats.
•The anti-inflammatory effect of tyrosol was evaluated in STZ-induced diabetic rats.•Tyrosol treatment decreased C-reactive protein and inflammatory markers.•Tyrosol also decreased lipid peroxidation ...and improved antioxidant system.•Thereby tyrosol could prevent oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic rats.
The anti-inflammatory effect of tyrosol (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)), a phenolic compound in olive oil (20 mg/kg body weight), in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat was evaluated. Diabetic rats showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in plasma glucose and lipid peroxidation products and significant (P < 0.05) decrease in plasma insulin and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the liver and pancreas. The levels of inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein in plasma and protein expressions of nuclear factor-kappa B p65, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in the liver and pancreas were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Conversely, daily oral treatment with tyrosol for 45 days significantly (P < 0.05) restored all the above mentioned parameters to near normal levels. The immunohistochemical studies confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of tyrosol. Tyrosol exerts anti-inflammatory effects on the liver and pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic rats via its antioxidant activity, hence it may play an important role in the management of diabetes mellitus.
Alcoholic liver disease is a major medical complication of drinking alcohol. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of alcohol liver disease. The present study was carried to ...evaluate the effect of grape leaf extract (GLEt) on antioxidant and lipid peroxidation states in liver and kidney alcohol induced toxicity. In vitro studies with DPPH∗ and ABTS∗+ (cation radical) showed that GLEt possesses antioxidant activity. In vivo administration of ethanol (7.9g/kg bw/day) for 45 days resulted an activity of liver marker enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP and GGT), lipid peroxidation markers (TBARS, lipid hydroperoxides) in liver and kidney with significantly lower activity of SOD, CAT, GPx, GST and non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C and GSH) in liver and kidney as compared with control rats. Administration of ethanol along with GLEt significantly decreased the activities of liver markers enzyme in serum towards near normal level. GLEt at a dose of 100mg/kg was highly effective than 25 and 50mg/kg body weight. In addition GLEt also significantly reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation and addition, significantly restored the enzymic and non-enzymatic antioxidants level in liver and kidney of alcohol administration rats. This observation was supplemented by histopathological examination in liver and kidney. Our data suggest that GLEt exerts its protective effect by decreased the lipid peroxidation and improving antioxidants status, thus proving itself as an effective antioxidant in alcohol induced oxidative damage in rats.
The study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of coumarin on carbohydrate metabolic key enzymes in control and streptozotocin (STZ)–nicotinamide (NA)-induced diabetic rats. On oral ...administration of coumarin at a dose of 100
mg/kg body weight per day to diabetic rats for 45 days; resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA
1c) and increase in the levels of insulin and hemoglobin. Administration of coumarin caused a significant increase in the levels of glycolytic enzyme (hexokinase) and hepatic shunt enzyme (glucose-6-phophate dehydrogenase) whereas significant decrease in the levels of gluconeogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) in diabetic treated rats. Furthermore, protection against body weight loss of diabetic animals also observed. This study indicates that the administration of coumarin to diabetic rats resulted in alterations in the metabolism of glucose with subsequent reduction in plasma glucose levels.
Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) has been used traditionally as antidiabetic and has been proven scientifically to possess high antioxidant activity and anticancer properties. The active components of
...Curcuma longa such as curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), a major colourless metabolite of curcumin also possesses antidiabetic, antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity. In the present study the effect of THC and curcumin on erythrocyte membrane bound enzymes and antioxidants activity in streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic model was investigated. Oral administration of THC at 80
mg/kg body weight to diabetic rats for 45 days. The effect of THC and curcumin on glucose, insulin, haemoglobin, glycosylated haemoglobin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxide (Gpx), glutathione-
S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and membrane bound enzymes were studied. The effect of THC was compared with curcumin. The levels of blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, erythrocyte TBARS, were increased significantly whereas the level of plasma insulin and haemoglobin, erythrocyte antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx, GST and GSH), membrane bound total ATPase, Na
+/K
+-ATPase, Ca
2+-ATPase, Mg
2+-ATPase were decreased significantly in diabetic rats. Administration of THC and curcumin to diabetic rats showed decreased level of blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and erythrocyte TBARS. In addition the levels of plasma insulin, haemoglobin, erythrocyte antioxidants and the activities of membrane bound enzymes also were increased in THC and curcumin treated diabetic rats. These biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of pancreas section. The present study indicates that the THC possesses a significant beneficial effect on erythrocyte membrane bound enzymes and antioxidants defense in addition to its antidiabetic effect.
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