•The Lemna root growth bioassay differs from internationally standardized methods in that roots were excised prior to exposure with subsequent measurements on newly developed roots.•It is also ...completed in 48h, the required volume of test solutions is only 3ml and non-axenic plants are used.•Our results show that the Lemna root method is a simple, rapid, cost-effective, sensitive and precise bioassay to assess the toxic risks of metals.
A new phytotoxicity test method based on root elongation of three Lemna species (Lemna gibba, L. minor, and L. paucicostata) has been developed. Tests with aquatic plants have, typically, favored measurements on fronds (e.g. frond number, area, biomass) rather than on roots, due, in part, to issues associated with handling fragile roots and the time-consuming procedures of selecting roots with identical root lengths. The present method differs in that roots were excised prior to exposure with subsequent measurements on newly developed roots. Results show that there were species-specific difference in sensitivity to the five metals tested (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu and Hg), with Ag being the most toxic (EC50=5.3–37.6μgL−1) to all three species, and Cr the least toxic for L. gibba and L. minor (1148.3 and 341.8μgL−1, respectively) and Cu for L. paucicostata (470.4μgL−1). Direct comparisons were made with measurements of frond area, which were found to be less sensitive. More generally, root re-growth was shown to reflect the toxic responses of all three Lemna species to these five important metals.
The root growth bioassay differs from three internationally standardized methods (ISO, OCED and US EPA) in that it is completed in 48h, the required volume of test solutions is only 3ml and non-axenic plants are used. Our results show that the Lemna root method is a simple, rapid, cost-effective, sensitive and precise bioassay to assess the toxic risks of metals and has practical application for monitoring municipal and industrial waste waters where metals are common constituents.
SUMMARY
Ectopic sebaceous glands in the esophagus have rarely been reported and, thus, represent an obscure medical condition. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence rate and clinical ...characteristics of this lesion in an asymptomatic population. We prospectively enrolled health screen examinees who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy for gastric cancer screening. An esophageal biopsy was performed in the cases in which esophageal ectopic sebaceous glands were suspected. The general characteristics of the examinees were analyzed based on their medical records. A total of 9989 examinees were enrolled, and five examinees were diagnosed with esophageal ectopic sebaceous glands between December 2012 and June 2014. The endoscopic findings of the esophageal ectopic sebaceous glands indicated multiple yellowish patches or papules, which varied in size. The histopathological findings indicated several lobulated sebaceous glands in the squamous epithelium with inflammatory infiltration. The follow-up endoscopic findings indicated that there was no grossly discernible change. In conclusion, esophageal ectopic sebaceous glands are present in 0.05% of asymptomatic subjects. This lesion is thought to be benign and is not related to clinical symptoms. Therefore, esophageal ectopic sebaceous glands do not require further treatment or follow-up, which makes endoscopists free from active efforts for differential diagnosis with other malignant diseases.
Ag
+
(AgNO
3
) and As
3+
(As
2
O
3
) exposures resulted in dose-dependent decreases in the growth rate of
Lemna paucicostata
with IC
50
values of 0.101±0.004 mg/mL and 0.753±0.127 mg/mL, ...respectively. Both Ag
+
and As
3+
caused dose-dependent increases in lipid peroxidation, a key oxidative damage marker. Additionally, Ag
+
and As
3+
caused increases in some components of antioxidant system, namely, ascorbate content and peroxidase activities such as ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase. However, notable differences between Ag
+
and As
3+
were found in their effects on the glutathione (GSH) system. Ag
+
caused significant decreases in the GSH content and activities of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione reductase (GR), the enzymes involved in the GSH synthesis and redox recycling, respectively. In contrast, As
3+
caused increases in the GSH content and GCL activity. Our results suggest that the Ag
+
-induced decrease in GSH content accompanied by the decreases in its synthesis and redox recycling is a critical component that further predisposes
L. paucicostata
to Ag
+
toxicity.
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to show that patients taking antidepressants significantly respond to Korean medical treatments and M&L psychotherapy.
Methods: We treated two patients with ...Korean medical treatments (acupuncture, moxibustion and Herbal Medicine) and psychotherapy including M&L psychotherapy and Li-Gyeung-Byun-Qi therapy. The patients were diagnosed based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for MDD. Beck`s Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck`s Anxiety Inventory (BAI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to evaluate the patients.
Results: The following observations were made after treatments: Case 1: the patient showed significant improvement in Beck`s Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck`s Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Case 2: the patient showed significant improvement in Beck`s Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Conclusions: These results suggest that Korean medical treatments and M&L psychotherapy might be effective for treating patients suffering from MDD.
한방치료와 심리치료를 통한 강박장애 환자 치험례 김동욱; Dong Uk Kim; 황선혜 ...
동의신경정신과학회지,
06/2016, Volume:
27, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Open access
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report that a patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) significantly responds to Korean medical treatments and psychotherapy. Methods: We treated ...the patient with Korean medical treatments (acupuncture and herbal medication) and Melonis Calyx Vomiting Therapy. We also used psychotherapy including Li-Gyeung-Byun-Qi therapy. The patient was diagnosed by DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for OCD. We used Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised-Korean (OCI-R-K), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Beck`s Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck`s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to evaluate the patient. Results: OCI-R-K score was decreased from 39 points to 9 points. BDI score was decreased from 14 points to 6 points. BAI score was decreased from 25 points to 13 points. Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean medical treatment is an effective way to treat patients who suffer from OCD.
Phenol exposure caused a significant reduction in the growth rate of
Lemna paucicostata
with an IC
50
of 234.5±5.8 mg/L. Additionally, phenol caused a dose-dependent increase in the formation of ...reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, lipid peroxidation was not significantly affected, implying that the membrane lipids are protected by antioxidants under phenol-induced oxidative stress. The ascorbate content decreased in a phenol dose-dependent manner in accordance with the increase in ROS formation, and ascorbate peroxidase activity increased at a low phenol concentration. In contrast, phenol caused remarkable increases in both the total glutathione content and the activities of enzymes involved in glutathione redox- cycling, i.e., glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities were also increased, while superoxide dismutase activity decreased. Our results suggest that the phenol-induced increases in glutathione, glutathione redox-cycling enzymes, and H
2
O
2
-scavenging enzymes are important components of the adaptive response to phenol exposure. Thus, these increases can be used as indicators of the oxidative stress caused by phenol.
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