An experiment to search for light sterile neutrinos is conducted at a reactor with a thermal power of 2.8 GW located at the Hanbit nuclear power complex. The search is done with a detector consisting ...of a ton of Gd-loaded liquid scintillator in a tendon gallery approximately 24 m from the reactor core. The measured antineutrino event rate is 1976 per day with a signal to background ratio of about 22. The shape of the antineutrino energy spectrum obtained from the eight-month data-taking period is compared with a hypothesis of oscillations due to active-sterile antineutrino mixing. No strong evidence of 3+1 neutrino oscillation is found. An excess around the 5 MeV prompt energy range is observed as seen in existing longer-baseline experiments. The mixing parameter sin^{2}2θ_{14} is limited up to less than 0.1 for Δm_{41}^{2} ranging from 0.2 to 2.3 eV^{2} with a 90% confidence level.
Edge localized modes (ELMs) in high-confinement mode plasmas were completely suppressed in KSTAR by applying n=1 nonaxisymmetric magnetic perturbations. Initially, the ELMs were intensified with a ...reduction of frequency, but completely suppressed later. The electron density had an initial 10% decrease followed by a gradual increase as ELMs were suppressed. Interesting phenomena such as a saturated evolution of edge T(e) and broadband changes of magnetic fluctuations were observed, suggesting the change of edge transport by the applied magnetic perturbations.
The RENO experiment has observed the disappearance of reactor electron antineutrinos, consistent with neutrino oscillations, with a significance of 4.9 standard deviations. Antineutrinos from six 2.8 ... GW(th) reactors at the Yonggwang Nuclear Power Plant in Korea, are detected by two identical detectors located at 294 and 1383 m, respectively, from the reactor array center. In the 229 d data-taking period between 11 August 2011 and 26 March 2012, the far (near) detector observed 17102 (154088) electron antineutrino candidate events with a background fraction of 5.5% (2.7%). The ratio of observed to expected numbers of antineutrinos in the far detector is 0.920±0.009(stat)±0.014(syst). From this deficit, we determine sin(2)2θ(13)=0.113±0.013(stat)±0.019(syst) based on a rate-only analysis.
Aims
Aggressive meningioma remains incurable with neither chemo‐ nor targeted therapies proven effective, largely due to unidentified genetic alterations and/or aberrant oncogenic pathways driving ...the disease progression. In this study, we examined the expression and function of Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) transcription factor during meningioma progression.
Methods
Human meningioma samples (n = 101) were collected, followed by Western blotting, quantitative PCR, immunohistochemical and progression‐free survival (PFS) analyses. For in vitro assays, FOXM1 was overexpressed or knocked‐down in benign (SF4433 and SF4068) or malignant (SF3061 and IOMM‐Lee) human meningioma cell lines respectively. For in vivo studies, siomycin A (a FOXM1 inhibitor)‐pretreated or control IOMM‐Lee cells were implanted subcutaneously in nude mice.
Results
FOXM1 expression was increased in higher grades of meningioma and correlated with the mitotic index in the tumour tissue. Moreover, FOXM1 was increased in recurrent meningioma compared with the matched primary lesions. The patients who had higher FOXM1 expression had shorter PFS. In the subsequent in vitro assays, knockdown of FOXM1 in malignant meningioma cell lines resulted in decreased tumour cell proliferation, angiogenesis and invasion, potentially via regulation of β‐catenin, cyclin D1, p21, interleukin‐8, vascular endothelial growth factor‐A, PLAU, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition‐related genes, whereas overexpression of FOXM1 in benign meningioma cell lines had the opposite effects. Last, suppression of FOXM1 using a pharmacological inhibitor, siomycin A, decreased tumour growth in an in vivo mouse model.
Conclusions
Our data demonstrate that FOXM1 is a key transcription factor regulating oncogenic signalling pathways in meningioma progression, and a promising therapeutic target for aggressive meningioma.
Background: This study was to devise a prognostic model for metastatic gastric cancer patients undergoing first-line chemotherapy. Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on ...1455 gastric cancer patients, who received first-line chemotherapy from September 1994 to February 2005. Results: At multivariate level, poor prognostic factors were no previous gastrectomy P = 0.003; relative risk (RR), 1.191; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.061–1.338, albumin <3.6 g/dl (P = <0.001; RR, 1.245; 95% CI 1.106–1.402), alkaline phosphatase >85 U/l (P = <0.001; RR, 1.224; 95% CI 1.092–1.371), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of two or more (P = <0.001; RR, 1.690; 95% CI 1.458–1.959), the presence of bone metastases (P = 0.001; RR, 1.460; 95% CI 1.616–1.836), and the presence of ascites (P = <0.001; RR, 1.452; 95% CI 1.295–1.628). Of 1434 patients, 489 patients (34.1%) were categorized as low-risk group (zero to one factors), 889 patients (62.0%) as intermediate-risk group (two to four factors), and 56 patients (3.9%) as high-risk group (five to six factors). Median survival durations for low, intermediate, and high-risk groups were 12.5 months, 7.0 months, and 2.7 months, respectively. Conclusions: This model should facilitate the individual patient risk stratification and thus, more appropriate therapies for each metastatic gastric cancer patient.
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