Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the presentation and management of posthysterectomy ureteral injuries.
Patients and Methods: Fourteen patients with ureteric injuries after ...hysterectomy for benign diseases were evaluated. The diagnosis was done based on clinical presentation, intravenous urogram, computed tomography, cystoscopy, and retrograde pyelogram (RGP) depending on the clinical situation.
Results: Sixteen iatrogenic ureteric injuries in 14 patients over a 2-year period were evaluated. Hysterectomy was the cause of injury in all the cases, 12 abdominal and 2 were vaginal. Two patients presented with anuria, one had ureteric, and bladder injury with hemoperitoneum underwent emergency laparotomy and bilateral ureteral reimplantation. Another patient underwent RGP followed by stenting on the right side, left side unable to put stent so percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) was done followed by antegrade stenting later. Two patients presented with septicemia and pyonephrosis were managed initially with PCN followed by balloon dilatation and JJ stenting. RGP and retrograde stenting was done in seven of the remaining ten patients and ureteric reimplantation in three patients.
Conclusion: Patient with ureteric injury should be evaluated and intervened at the earliest. Patients presenting early, within 2 weeks after hysterectomy have higher chances of success with endourological procedures, obviating the need for open surgery.
Global trends show that the rapid increase in maize production is associated more with the expansion of maize growing areas than with rapid increases in yield. This is possible through achieving ...possible higher productivity through maize production practices intensification to meet the sustainable production. Therefore, a field experiment on "Ecological intensification of climate-resilient maize-chickpea cropping system" was conducted during consecutive three years from 2017-2018 to 2019-2020 at Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. Results of three years pooled data revealed that ecological intensification (EI) treatment which comprises of all best management practices resulted in higher grain yield (7560 kg/ha) and stover yield compared to farmers' practice (FP) and all other treatments which were deficit in one or other crop management practices. Similarly, in the succeeding winter season, significantly higher chickpea yield (797 kg/ha) was recorded in EI. Further EI practice recorded significant amount of soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and iron after completion of third cycle of experimentation (0.60%, 235.3 kg/ha,21.0 kg/ha,363.2 kg/ha,0.52 ppm and 5.2 ppm respectively). Soil enzymatic activity was also improved in EI practice over the years and improvement in each year was significant. Lower input energy use was in FP (17,855.2 MJ/ha). Whereas total output energy produced was the highest in EI practice (220,590 MJ ha
) and lower output energy was recorded in EI-integrated nutrient management (INM) (149,255 MJ/ha). Lower energy productivity was noticed in EI-INM. Lower specific energy was recorded in FP and was followed by EI practice. Whereas higher specific energy was noticed is EI-INM. Each individual year and pooled data showed that EI practice recorded higher net return and benefit-cost ratio. The lower net returns were obtained in EI-integrated weed management (Rs. 51354.7/ha), EI-recommended irrigation management (Rs. 56,015.3/ha), integrated pest management (Rs. 59,569.7/ha) and farmers' practice (Rs. 67,357.7/ha) which were on par with others.
Chickpea has a profound nutritional and economic value in vegetarian society. Continuous decline in chickpea productivity is attributed to insufficient genetic variability and different environmental ...stresses. Chickpea like several other legumes is highly susceptible to terminal drought stress. Multiple genes control drought tolerance and ASR gene plays a key role in regulating different plant stresses. The present study describes the molecular characterization and functional role of Abscissic acid and stress ripening (ASR) gene from chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and the gene sequence identified was submitted to NCBI Genbank (MK937569). Molecular analysis using MUSCLE software proved that the ASR nucleotide sequences in different legumes show variations at various positions though ASR genes are conserved in chickpea with only few variations. Sequence similarity of ASR gene to chickpea putative ABA/WDS induced protein mRNA clearly indicated its potential involvement in drought tolerance. Physiological screening and qRT-PCR results demonstrated increased ASR gene expression under drought stress possibly enabled genotypes to perform better under stress. Conserved domain search, protein structure analysis, prediction and validation, network analysis using Phyre2, Swiss-PDB viewer, ProSA and STRING analysis established the role of hypothetical ASR protein NP_001351739.1 in mediating drought responses. NP_001351739.1 might have enhanced the ASR gene activity as a transcription factor regulating drought stress tolerance in chickpea. This study could be useful in identification of new ASR genes that play a major role in drought tolerance and also develop functional markers for chickpea improvement.
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•In-situ oxidative polymerization approach of hybrid PAni-WO3 nanocomposites.•Room temperature operation of hybrid PAni-WO3 nanocomposite flexible sensor.•Hybrid PAni-WO3 ...nanocomposite flexible sensor exhibit excellent selectivity towards NH3 gas.•Sensing interactions between NH3 and PAni-WO3 flexible sensor was studied by impedance spectroscopy.
In present study, a flexible, room temperature operable, and selective ammonia (NH3) sensor based on polyaniline and tungsten oxide (PAni-WO3) hybrid nanocomposite was successfully developed on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization process and reported. Structural elucidation, surface morphology, and materials composition of flexible PAni-WO3 hybrid nanocomposites was analyzed systematically through X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. Gas sensing properties of flexible PAni-WO3 hybrid sensors was studied thoroughly and compared with pristine PAni and WO3 sensors. It was observed that the flexible sensor with 50 wt% WO3 content showed an excellent selectivity towards NH3 gas at room temperature along with 121% response towards 100 ppm. As-fabricated PAni-WO3 hybrid flexible sensors are capable to detect 1 ppm concentration of NH3 (Response = 9%) along with excellent stability and response reproducibility. Impedance spectroscopy was employed to quantify the gas sensing behavior of flexible PAni-WO3 sensor in presence of target gases and fresh air and resulting plots are simulated by equivalent circuits. Based on impedance results, the gas sensing mechanism of flexible PAni-WO3 nanocomposites in presence of NH3 atmosphere is described.
Biowaste resources are the promising renewable raw materials for green and economical purpose. In this context, usage of cellulose fibers as linear and flexible bio-polymer derived from waste ...lignocellulosic biomass has gained much attention in various applications due to their extensive properties such as eco-friendly, low cost, easy availability, low energy consumption, bio-degradability, high tensile strength and could be recyclable compared to other synthetic fibers those are expensive and non-decomposable in nature. In the present work, biogenically prepared palladium nanoparticles from waste banana pseudostem extract are immobilized on cellulose fibers, isolated from waste banana pseudostem as dip catalyst through green protocol for the first time. The synthesized new dip catalyst was characterized by ATR-IR, FE-SEM, EDS, ICP-OES, HR-TEM,
p
-XRD, TG/DTA, UV–Vis, GC–MS, XPS and BET surface area analysis. Catalytic potential and reusability of newly developed dip catalyst has been studied in Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions for the synthesis of various functional groups tolerated biaryls for practical applications. In addition, an analgesic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug molecule Felbinac was synthesized in greener reaction conditions by using dip catalyst with good yield.
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Development of electrocatalyst using facile way from non-noble metal compounds with high efficiency for effective water electrolysis is highly demanding for production of hydrogen ...energy. Nickel based electrocatalysts were currently developed for electrochemical water oxidation in alkaline pH. Herein, amorphous nickel tungstate (NiWO4) was synthesized using the facile successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The electrochemical analysis showed 315 mV of overpotential at 100 mA cm−2 with lowest Tafel slope of 32 mV dec−1 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) making films of NiWO4 compatible towards electrocatalysis of water in alkaline media. The chronopotentiometry measurements at 100 mA cm−2 over 24 h showed 97% retention of OER activity. The electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) of NW120 film was 25.5 cm−2.
In the current work, palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) were prepared from palladium acetate biogenically using the aqueous-ethanolic extract of black pepper (
Piper nigrum
) and characterized by ...various analytical techniques like XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, TEM, ATR-IR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, BET, TGA and ICP-OES analysis. The reduction of Pd(II) to Pd(0) is achieved by the action of various phytochemicals present in the black pepper extract like phenols, acids, pellitorine, ethyl piperonyl cyanoacetate, piperine and
N
-isobutyl-tetradeca-2,4-dienamide. The biosynthesized Pd NPs shown excellent catalytic activity in aryl halide cyanation and Hiyama cross-coupling reactions. Also, less toxic potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) trihydrate was used as cyanide source in aryl halide cyanation and Hiyama cross-coupling was performed under fluoride free condition. Both reactions proceeded well with Pd NPs under ligand free circumstances to give good to excellent yields. The Pd NPs were recovered after each reaction and recycled up to five times in aryl halide cyanation and ten times in Hiyama cross-coupling without considerable loss in the activity.
Graphical Abstract
Green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles: applications in aryl halide cyanation and Hiyama cross-coupling reaction under ligand free conditions.
This study investigated the quorum sensing, biofilm and type three secretion system (TTSS) inhibitory properties of citrus flavonoids. Flavonoids were tested for their ability to inhibit quorum ...sensing using Vibrio harveyi reporter assay. Biofilm assays were carried out in 96-well plates. Inhibition of biofilm formation in Escherichia coli O157:H7 and V. harveyi by citrus flavonoids was measured. Furthermore, effect of naringenin on expression of V. harveyi TTSS was investigated by semi-quantitative PCR. Differential responses for different flavonoids were observed for different cell-cell signalling systems. Among the tested flavonoids, naringenin, kaempferol, quercetin and apigenin were effective antagonists of cell-cell signalling. Furthermore, these flavonoids suppressed the biofilm formation in V. harveyi and E. coli O157:H7. In addition, naringenin altered the expression of genes encoding TTSS in V. harveyi. The results of the study indicate a potential modulation of bacterial cell-cell communication, E. coli O157:H7 biofilm and V. harveyi virulence, by flavonoids especially naringenin, quercetin, sinensetin and apigenin. Among the tested flavonoids, naringenin emerged as potent and possibly a nonspecific inhibitor of autoinducer-mediated cell-cell signalling. Naringenin and other flavonoids are prominent secondary metabolites present in citrus species. Therefore, citrus, being a major source of some of these flavonoids and by virtue of widely consumed fruit, may modulate the intestinal microflora. Currently, a limited number of naturally occurring compounds have demonstrated their potential in inhibition of cell-cell communications; therefore, citrus flavonoids may be useful as lead compounds for the development of antipathogenic agents.
A new and efficient
N
-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-palladium(II) complex immobilized on graphene oxide (NHC-Pd@GO) has been successfully designed and synthesized. The prepared NHC-Pd@GO heterogeneous ...catalyst was fully characterized using a combination of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis (BET). This new air- and moisture-stable NHC-Pd@GO heterogeneous catalytic system was found to be a highly active catalyst in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling between phenylboronic acid and various aryl halides (bromides/chlorides/iodides) and in the reduction of nitroarenes. These organic transformations were best performed in an aqueous ethanol and aqueous methanol solvent system respectively with low catalyst loading under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, NHC-Pd@GO heterogeneous catalyst could be recovered easily and reused at least eleven times in Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling and nine times in reduction of nitroarenes without any considerable loss of its catalytic activity. The stability and good selectivity of the NHC-Pd@GO heterogeneous catalyst in recycling experiments signify that it could be useful for practical application in various organic transformations.
Graphic Abstract
The red palm mite Raoiella indica Hirst is spread throughout the Caribbean islands, Florida, northern South America, and Mexico, and it negatively impacts palm and banana species. Different ...acaricides were used to control R. indica infestations of date palms in the UAE, but the majority of these acaricides are strong chemicals with high toxicity to non- target pests. The present study was conducted in the UAE on the red palm mite R. indica on infected date palms. One of the commercial botanical acaricides, namely M Impact, was tested for the control of R. indica in comparison with a market product containing abamectin. Raoiella indica mortality was 79.40% after the first spray and 70.23% after the second spray in the treatment of M Impact, with a 58.4% reduction in eggs. In the market product containing 3.5% w/v abamectin, mortality was 46.53% after the first spray and 41.22% after the second spray, with a 34.2% reduction in egg mortality. In this study, it was demonstrated that the organic miticide M Impact outperformed its chemical counterpart, abamectin. Organic miticides have provided significant and long-term control of the date palm red mite, R. indica.
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