As new pesticides continue to emerge in agricultural systems, understanding their environmental behavior is crucial for effective risk assessment. Tiafenacil (TFA), a promising novel pyrimidinedione ...herbicide, was the focus of this study. We developed an efficient QuEChERS-UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method to measure TFA and its transformation products (TP1, TP2, TP3, TP4, and TP5) in soil. Our calibration curves exhibited strong linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9949) ranging from 0.015 to 2.0 mg/kg within a low limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.0 µg/kg. Inter-day and intra-day recoveries (0.10 to 2.0 mg/kg, 80.59% to 110.05%, RSD from 0.28% to 12.93%) demonstrated high sensitivity and accuracy. Additionally, TFA dissipation under aerobic conditions followed first-order kinetics, mainly yielding TP1 and TP4. In contrast, TP1 and TP2 were mainly found under sterilized and anaerobic conditions, and TFA dissipation followed second-order kinetics. Moreover, we predicted the transformation pathways of TFA using density functional theory (DFT) and assessed the toxicity levels of TFA and its TPs to aquatic organisms using ECOSAR. Collectively, these findings hold significant implications for a better understanding of TFA fate in diversified soil, benefiting its risk assessment and rational utilization.
Highlights • AST administration improved the sensorimotor performance on the Neurological Severity Score (NSS) and rotarod test and enhanced cognitive function recovery. • AST treatment reduced the ...lesion size and neuronal loss in the cortex compared with the vehicle-treated TBI group. • AST also restored the levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), synapsin, and synaptophysin (SYP) in the cerebral cortex.
A furfuryl alcohol resin-based solid acid (SC-FAR-800) was prepared and applied in the conversion of carbohydrates into furan platform compounds in microwave. The results showed that SC-FAR-800 was ...an irregular mesoporous material containing sulfonic acid groups with an acid density of 3.43 mmol/g, which was quite stable below 200 °C. SC-FAR-800 showed good catalytic activity, and the yield of furfural from xylose could reach 60.46%; the yield of 5-HMF from fructose, glucose, cellobiose and cellulose macromolecules could reach 89.35%, 38.17%, 42.6%, 14.73%, respectively. However, the effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst dosage and water content on various carbohydrate’s conversion was different. SC-FAR-800 could be reused more than 6 times in fructose conversion, and could be regenerated after a re-sulfonation process. Moreover, the catalytic activity of SC-FAR-800 was super to some biomass-based solid acid. Therefore, this catalyst may be an attractive alternative in the conversion of biomass to prepare furan compounds.
Graphical abstract
Furfuryl alcohol resin-based solid acid (SC-FAR-800), which has a high acidity of 3.43 mmol/g, was applied in the conversion of carbohydrates in a microwave oven. The peak yield of furfural from
d
-xylose could reach 60.46%; the yield of 5-HMF from
d
-fructose, glucose, cellobiose and cellulose macromolecules could reach 89.35%, 38.17%, 42.6%, 14.73%, respectively.
Coumarin possesses the aromatic group and showed plentiful activities, such as antioxidant, preventing asthma and antisepsis. In addition, coumarin derivatives usually possess good solubility, low ...cytotoxicity and excellent cell permeability. In our study, we synthesized the compound bridge methylene tacrine (BMT), which has the classical pharmacophore structure of Tacrine (THA). Based on the principle of active substructure splicing, BMT was used as a lead compound and synthesized coumarin-BMT hybrids by introducing coumarin to BMT. In this work, 21 novel hybrids of BMT and coumarin were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity on AChE. All obtained compounds present preferable inhibition. Compound
was the most active compound, with the value of K
as 49.2 nM, which was higher than Galantamine (GAL) and lower than THA. The result of molecular docking showed that the highest binding free energy was -40.43 kcal/mol for compound
, which was an identical trend with the calculated K
.
In order to develop a new type of antioxidants with high efficiency, a series of β-ionone thiazolylhydrazone derivatives were designed and synthesized from β-ionone, and their structures were ...characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, and HR-MS. The antioxidant test in vitro indicated that most of the target compounds had high biological activity. Among them, compound 1k exhibited very strong DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical)-scavenging activity with a half-maximal effective concentration (IC50) of 86.525 μM. Furthermore, in the ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) diammonium salt)-scavenging experiment, compound 1m exhibited excellent activity with an IC50 of 65.408 μM. Their biological activities were significantly better than those of the positive control Trolox. These two compounds, which have good free-radical-scavenging activity in vitro, were used as representative compounds in the anti-browning experiment of fresh-cut potatoes. The results showed that 1k and 1m had the same anti-browning ability as kojic acid, and they were effective browning inhibitors. In addition, it is well known that microbial infection is one of the reasons for food oxidation. Therefore, we investigated the antifungal activity of 25 target compounds against eight plant fungi at a concentration of 125 mg/L. The results indicated that these compounds all have some antifungal activity and may become new potential fungicides. Notably, compound 1u showed the best inhibitory effect against Poria vaporaria, with an inhibition rate as high as 77.71%; it is expected to become the dominant structure for the development of new antifungal agents.
The current work demonstrates the fabrication of kaolin supported Au nanoparticles (Au NPs-kaolin) mediated by Thymbra spicata extract as green reductant and capping agent without any toxic reagent. ...Physicochemical characteristics of the said nanocomposite were elucidated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, elemental mapping, X-ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma techniques. The figures of the TEM display the black dots signifying Au NPs being dispersed over the kaolin surface. Size of spherical Au NPs are around 10-15 nm. In the in vivo, we established a rat calvaria defect model using a combination of collagen scaffold and nanoparticle. The experimental group was divided into three classifications: control, collagen matrix and nanoparticle with collagen. Histological analyses showed that nanoparticle increased bone formation activity when used in conjunction with collagen matrix. In the nanoparticle group, grafted materials were still present until 12 weeks after treatment, as evidenced by foreign body reactions showing multinucleated giant cells in chronic inflammatory vascular connective tissue. Other results revealed that the nanoparticle increased bone formation activity when used with collagen matrix. All groups showed almost the same histological findings until 7 weeks. In the experimental groups, new bone formation activity was found continuously up to 12 weeks.
Two new oleanane derivatives, leonuronins A and B (
1
and
2
), along with three known oleanane triterpenes (
3
–
5
) were isolated from the fruits of
Leonurus japonicus
. Their structures were ...elucidated on the basis of NMR, MS, IR and UV spectroscopic data. The new compounds were tested for cytotoxic activities against A549 and Hela cancer cell lines. Compounds
1
and
2
exhibited weak cytotoxicity with IC
50
values ranging from 6.97 to 18.13 μM.
To obtain α-glucosidase inhibitors with high activity, 19 NB-DNJDs (N-benzyl-deoxynojirimycin derivatives) were designed and synthesized. The results indicated that the 19 NB-DNJDs displayed ...different inhibitory activities towards α-glucosidase in vitro. Compound
(1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl) piperidine-3,4,5-triol) showed the highest activity, with an IC
value of 0.207 ± 0.11 mM, followed by
(1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl) piperidine-3,4,5-triol, IC
: 0.276 ± 0.13 mM). Both IC
values of
and
were significantly lower than that of acarbose (IC
: 0.353 ± 0.09 mM). According to the structure-activity analysis, substitution of the benzyl and bromine groups on the benzene ring decreased the inhibition activity, while methoxy and hydroxyl group substitution increased the activity, especially with the hydroxyl group substitution. Molecular docking results showed that three hydrogen bonds were formed between compound
and amino acids in the active site of α-glucosidase. Additionally, an arene‒arene interaction was also modelled between the phenyl ring of compound
and Arg 315. The three hydrogen bonds and the arene‒arene interaction resulted in a low binding energy (-5.8 kcal/mol) and gave
a higher inhibition activity. Consequently, compound
is a promising candidate as a new α-glucosidase inhibitor for the treatment of type Ⅱ diabetes.
Cyclocarya Paliurus (Bata1) Iljinskaja contains various bioactive secondary metabolites especially in leaves, such as triterpenes, flavonoids, polysaccharides and alkaloids, and its leaves are widely ...used as an hyperglycemic tea in China. In the present paper, we sequenced the transcriptome of the leaves and callus of Cyclocarya Paliurus using Illumina Hiseq 4000 platform. After sequencing and de novo assembly, a total of 65,654 unigenes were generated with an N50 length of 1,244bp. Among them, 35,041 (53.37%) unigenes were annotated in NCBI Non-Redundant database, 19,453 (29.63%) unigenes were classified into Gene Ontology (GO) database, and 7,259 (11.06%) unigenes were assigned to Clusters of Orthologous Group (COG) categories. Furthermore, 11,697 (17.81%) unigenes were mapped onto 335 pathways in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), among which 1,312 unigenes were identified to be involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In addition, a total of 11,247 putative simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected. This transcriptome dataset provides a comprehensive sequence resource for gene expression profiling, genetic diversity, evolution and further molecular genetics research on Cyclocarya Paliurus.
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