Green insurance is introduced to advance green development in recent years, and this article addresses the effects of insurance subsidy. With game theory model, some useful results are achieved. ...First, uncertainty deters firms’ innovation, while both mature technology and high production efficiency stimulate firms’ innovation. Second, interestingly, green insurance cannot improve innovation and expect profits of firms. But green insurance reduces risk. Finally, both green insurance subsidy and governmental subsidy promotes firms’ innovation but green insurance subsidy owns lower risk than direct subsidy to innovate.
•This article addresses the effects of insurance subsidy with game theory model.•Uncertainty deters firms’ innovation.•Green insurance cannot improve the expected profits but reduce risk.•Governmental subsidy can promote firms’ innovation.
This paper addresses the trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance control problems for a class of mobile robot systems. Two classes of controllers are designed for the mobile robot system in the ...free motion, respectively. A new hybrid position virtual-force controller is designed to adjust the distance between the mobile robot and the obstacles. Since the uncertainties between the mobile robot dynamics model and obstacles degrade the performance of the obstacle avoidance system, a multi-layer feed-forward neural networks (NNs) deep learning method with hybrid position and virtual-force is proposed, such that the distance between the mobile robot and the obstacles converges to an adjustable bounded region. It is shown that the proposed controller in this paper is smooth, effective, and only uses the system output. The control design conditions are relaxed because of the developed multi-layer feed-forward NNs deep learning compensator. The simulation results and obstacle avoidance cases are performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A class of variable selection procedures for parametric models via non-concave penalized likelihood was proposed by Fan and Li to simultaneously estimate parameters and select important variables. ...They demonstrated that this class of procedures has an oracle property when the number of parameters is finite. However, in most model selection problems the number of parameters should be large and grow with the sample size. In this paper some asymptotic properties of the nonconcave penalized likelihood are established for situations in which the number of parameters tends to ∞ as the sample size increases. Under regularity conditions we have established an oracle property and the asymptotic normality of the penalized likelihood estimators. Furthermore, the consistency of the sandwich formula of the covariance matrix is demonstrated. Nonconcave penalized likelihood ratio statistics are discussed, and their asymptotic distributions under the null hypothesis are obtained by imposing some mild conditions on the penalty functions. The asymptotic results are augmented by a simulation study, and the newly developed methodology is illustrated by an analysis of a court case on the sexual discrimination of salary.
Purpose
Although the muscle mechanoreflex is an important mediator to cardiovascular regulation during exercise, its modulation factors remain relatively unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study ...was to investigate the effect of muscle stiffness on the muscle mechanoreflex.
Methods
Participants were divided based on their median muscle stiffness (2.00 Nm/mm) into a low group (
n
= 15) and a high group (
n
= 15), and the muscle mechanoreflex was compared between the groups. After a 15-min rest in the supine position, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO) were measured at rest for 3 min and during static passive dorsiflexion (SPD) at 20° for 1 min. Following a 15-min re-rest, muscle stiffness and passive resistive torque were evaluated in the distal end of the muscle belly of the medial gastrocnemius.
Results
Peak relative changes in HR (low group: 6 ± 4% and high group: 12 ± 4%) and CO (low group: 8 ± 10% and high group: 13 ± 9%) were greater in the high group than in the low group (both,
P
< 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between resistive torque during SPD and muscle stiffness and peak relative changes in HR (
r
= 0.51 and 0.61, both
P
< 0.05). However, there was no correlation between muscle elongation during SPD and peak relative changes in HR (
r
= − 0.23,
P
= 0.20).
Conclusion
These findings suggest that muscle stiffness may be modulatory factor of muscle mechanoreflex.
is a Gram negative, rod shaped bacterium that belongs to the family
. It is a deadly, opportunistic human pathogen which is responsible for the majority of seafood-associated deaths worldwide.
...infection can be fatal as it may cause severe wound infections potentially requiring amputation or lead to sepsis in susceptible individuals. Treatment is increasingly challenging as
has begun to develop resistance against certain antibiotics due to their indiscriminate use. This article aims to provide insight into the antibiotic resistance of
in different parts of the world as well as an overall review of its clinical manifestations, treatment, and prevention. Understanding the organism's antibiotic resistance profile is vital in order to select appropriate treatment and initiate appropriate prevention measures to treat and control
infections, which should eventually help lower the mortality rate associated with this pathogen worldwide.
The thermochronological history of orogens along plate margins provides unique constraints on regional tectonic evolution. Given existing thermochronological data that identify late Mesozoic–Cenozoic ...multiphase cooling events, we perform new apatite fission-track and (U-Th)/He low-temperature thermochronology on Wula Shan and Dahong Shan rocks to reveal the first stages of cooling along the southern Yin Shan orogenic belt, northern margin of the North China Block (NCB). Our new thermal history modeling suggests that cooling of the southern Yin Shan began in the Late Triassic (ca. 230 Ma), with rapid cooling at ca. 210–178 Ma and ca. 10~ Ma in the Wula Shan and ca. 200–160 Ma in the southern Dahong Shan. Late Triassic-Early Jurassic cooling stages are related to uplift and exhumation of the northern NCB, which given the tectonic setting of the late Indosinian event, are mainly interpreted as signatures of Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean subduction. Subsequently, enhanced plate convergence of East Asia with closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean led to intense thrust-nappe and intracontinental orogeny during the early Yanshanian. Importantly, our new finding of ca. 10 Ma rapid cooling of the Wula Shan at a rate of ~3.5 °C/Ma corresponds to coeval uplift and synrift basin sedimentation in the Ordos Block periphery, western NCB, which could mark the response to craton-scale rotational deformation. The completion of this low-temperature thermochronological database allows us to reappraise the Mesozoic exhumation and ca.10 Ma reactivation history and its implications for the southern Yin Shan.
Display omitted
•A compilation of previous thermochronological studies reveals multiphase cooling events during the late Mesozoic–Cenozoic.•New low-temperature thermochronological data imply that southern Yin Shan cooling began in the Late Triassic (ca. 230 Ma).•Extensive cooling since the the late Indosinian-early Yanshanian records intracontinental orogeny and exhumation.•Late Miocene cooling marks southern Yin Shan reactivation, possibly triggered by eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau.•Meso-Cenozoic multiplate convergence in East Asia has a profound influence on the Yin Shan orogenic belt.
Estimation and hypothesis test for partial linear single-index multiplicative models are considered in this paper. To estimate unknown single-index parameter, we propose a profile least product ...relative error estimator coupled with a leave-one-component-out method. To test a hypothesis on the parametric components, a Wald-type test statistic is proposed. We employ the smoothly clipped absolute deviation penalty to select relevant variables. To study model checking problem, we propose a variant of the integrated conditional moment test statistic by using linear projection weighting function, and we also suggest a bootstrap procedure for calculating critical values. Simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed procedure and a real example is analyzed for illustration.
The single index model is a useful regression model. In this paper, we propose a nonconcave penalized least squares method to estimate both the parameters and the link function of the single index ...model. Compared to other variable selection and estimation methods, the proposed method can estimate parameters and select variables simultaneously. When the dimension of parameters in the single index model is a fixed constant, under some regularity conditions, we demonstrate that the proposed estimators for parameters have the so-called oracle property, and furthermore we establish the asymptotic normality and develop a sandwich formula to estimate the standard deviations of the proposed estimators. Simulation studies and a real data analysis are presented to illustrate the proposed methods.
This study investigated the effects of lung volume and trigeminal nerve stimulation (TS) on diving responses in breath-hold divers (BHDs) and non-divers (NDs).
Eight BHDs and nine NDs performed four ...breath-hold trials at different lung volumes, with or without TS, and one trial of TS. Haemodynamic parameters and electrocardiograms were measured for each trial.
During the TS trial, the total peripheral resistance increased more in BHDs. Breath-hold performed at total lung capacity showed a more pronounced decrease in stroke volume and cardiac output in BHDs. The decrease in heart rate and increase in total peripheral resistance were more pronounced in BHDs when breath-holding was performed with TS.
The more pronounced diving response in BHDs was attributed to the greater increase in total peripheral resistance caused by TS. Furthermore, the lower stroke volume and cardiac output in BH performed at total lung capacity could also cause a more pronounced diving response in BHDs.
•Breath-hold divers are more responsive to trigeminal nerve stimulation compared to non-divers.•Breath-hold divers had a more pronounced reduction in stroke volume during breath-holding at total lung capacity than non-divers.•The decrease in stroke volume was correlated with % forced vital capacity when breath-holding was performed at total lung capacity.
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