•HPMC-BW coatings with antifungal food additives were tested on cherry tomatoes during cold storage.•Coatings with sodium propionate were the most effective to control gray mold caused by Botrytis ...cinerea.•None of the coatings affected negatively the quality of cherry tomatoes.•Overall, coatings with ammonium carbonate showed the best performance to extend tomato postharvest life.
Edible composite coatings based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), beeswax (BW), and food preservatives with antifungal properties, were evaluated on cherry tomatoes during cold storage. Food preservatives selected from previous research work included sodium propionate (SP), potassium carbonate (PC), ammonium phosphate (APh) and ammonium carbonate (AC). Cherry tomatoes artificially inoculated with Botrytis cinerea were coated and stored up to 15d at 5°C followed by 7d of shelf-life at 20°C. All antifungal HPMC-BW coatings significantly reduced gray mold development on inoculated and cold-stored cherry tomatoes, the SP-based coating being the most effective. Analytical and sensory fruit quality was also evaluated after cold storage and shelf-life. The AC-based coating was the most effective to control weight loss and maintain the firmness of coated cherry tomatoes. Respiration rate, firmness, color, sensory flavor, off-flavor, and fruit appearance were not adversely affected by the application of the antifungal coatings. Overall, the application of HPMC-BW edible composite coatings containing AC could be a promising treatment to extend the postharvest life of cherry tomatoes. Further studies should focus on the modification of some physical characteristics of the coatings in order to enhance the general performance and provide higher peel gloss.
Common food preservative agents were evaluated in in vitro tests for their antifungal activity against Monilinia fructicola, the most economically important pathogen causing postharvest disease of ...stone fruits. Radial mycelial growth was measured in Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01–0.2%, v/v) after 7days of incubation at 25°C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations. Among them, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while sodium acetate and sodium formate were the least effective. The effective agents and concentrations were tested as ingredients of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)–lipid edible coatings against brown rot disease on plums previously inoculated with M. fructicola (curative activity). ‘Friar’ and ‘Larry Ann’ plums were inoculated with the pathogen, coated with stable edible coatings about 24h later, and incubated at 20°C and 90% RH. Disease incidence (%) and severity (lesion diameter) were determined after 4, 6, and 8days of incubation and the ‘area under the disease progress stairs’ (AUDPS) was calculated. Coatings containing bicarbonates and parabens significantly reduced brown rot incidence in plums, but potassium sorbate, used at 1.0% in the coating formulation, was the most effective agent with a reduction rate of 28.6%. All the tested coatings reduced disease severity to some extent, but coatings containing 0.1% sodium methylparaben or sodium ethylparaben or 0.2% ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate were superior to the rest, with reduction rates of 45–50%. Overall, the results showed that most of the agents tested in this study had significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola and the application of selected antifungal edible coatings is a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums.
•Most food preservatives tested in vitro completely inhibited the growth of Monilinia fructicola.•Adding selected preservatives to HPMC–lipid edible coatings formed stable emulsions.•Coatings containing 1.0% potassium sorbate were the most effective to reduce brown rot incidence on plums.•Coatings containing sodium parabens and ammonium carbonates were the most effective to reduce brown rot severity.
Processing of fruits and vegetables generates physiological stresses in the still living cut tissue, leading to quality deterioration and shorter shelf life as compared with fresh intact produces. ...Several strategies can be implemented with the aim to reduce the rate of deterioration of fresh-cut commodities. Such strategies include low temperature maintenance from harvest to retail and the application of physical and chemical treatments such as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with low O
2
and high CO
2
levels and antioxidant dips. Other technologies such as edible coatings with natural additives, new generation of coatings using nanotechnological solutions such as nanoparticles, nanoencapsulation, and multilayered systems, and nonconventional atmospheres such as the use of pressurized inert/noble gases and high levels of O
2
have gained a lot of interest as a possibility to extend the shelf life of minimally processed fruits and vegetables. However, the high perishability of these products challenges in many cases their marketability by not achieving sufficient shelf life to survive the distribution system, requiring the combination of treatments to assure safety and quality. This review reports the recent advances in the use of MAP, edible coatings, and the combined effect of both technologies to extend the shelf life of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.
The use of edible films and coatings is an environmentally friendly technology that offers substantial advantages for shelf-life increase of many food products including fruits and vegetables. The ...development of new natural edible films and coatings with the addition of antimicrobial compounds to preserve fresh and minimally processed fruits and vegetables is a technological challenge for the industry and a very active research field worldwide. Antimicrobial agents have been successfully added to edible composite films and coatings based on polysaccharides or proteins such as starch, cellulose derivatives, chitosan, alginate, fruit puree, whey protein isolated, soy protein, egg albumen, wheat gluten, or sodium caseinate. This paper reviews the development of edible films and coatings with antimicrobial activity, typically through the incorporation of antimicrobial food additives as ingredients, the effect of these edible films on the control of target microorganisms, the influence of antimicrobial agents on mechanical and barrier properties of stand-alone edible films, and the effect of the application of antimicrobial edible coatings on the quality of fresh and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.
Abstract Background There are no studies assessing the evolution and patterns of genetic studies performed at diagnosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Such studies could help to identify ...potential gaps in our present diagnostic practices, especially in the context of increasingly complex procedures and classifications. Methods The REALMOL study (NCT05541224) evaluated the evolution, patterns, and clinical impact of performing main genetic and molecular studies performed at diagnosis in 7285 adult AML patients included in the PETHEMA AML registry (NCT02607059) between 2000 and 2021. Results Screening rates increased for all tests across different time periods (2000–2007, 2008–2016, and 2017–2021) and was the most influential factor for NPM1 , FLT3‐ITD , and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) determinations: NPM1 testing increased from 28.9% to 72.8% and 95.2% ( p < .001), whereas FLT3‐ITD testing increased from 38.1% to 74.1% and 95.9% ( p < .0001). NGS testing was not performed between 2000–2007 and only reached 3.5% in 2008–2016, but significantly increased to 72% in 2017–2021 ( p < .001). Treatment decision was the most influential factor to perform karyotype (odds ratio OR, 6.057; 95% confidence interval CI, 4.702–7.802), and fluorescence in situ hybridation (OR, 2.273; 95% CI, 1.901–2.719) studies. Patients ≥70 years old or with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ≥2 were less likely to undergo these diagnostic procedures. Performing genetic studies were associated with a favorable impact on overall survival, especially in patients who received intensive chemotherapy. Conclusions This unique study provides relevant information about the evolving landscape of genetic and molecular diagnosis for adult AML patients in real‐world setting, highlighting the increased complexity of genetic diagnosis over the past 2 decades.
A retrospective analysis of 7285 cases over 2 decades. This study explores the evolution of diagnostic practices in acute myeloid leukemia patients, highlighting factors influencing test implementation and their association with patient outcomes.
•We evaluated carrot anthocyanins as food colorants and antioxidant agents.•Physicochemical stability analyzed in carrot, grape (GRP), and synthetic (E131) colorants.•Carrot colorants had higher ...thermal stability than GRP and E131.•Carrot anthocyanins were more stable at low pH and temperature conditions.•Acylated anthocyanins were more stable than non-acylated anthocyanins.
As a means to evaluate the potential of carrot anthocyanins as food colorants and nutraceutical agents, we investigated the physicochemical stability and antioxidant capacity of purple carrot extracts under different pH (2.5–7.0) and temperature (4–40 °C) conditions, in comparison to a commercial synthetic (E131) and a natural grape-based (GRP) colorant. During incubation, the colorants were weekly-monitored for various color parameters, concentration of anthocyanins and phenolics, and antioxidant capacity. Carrot colorants were more stable than GRP; and their thermal stability was equal (at 4 °C) or higher than that of E131 (at 25–40 °C). Carrot anthocyanins had lower degradation rate at low pH and temperature, with acylated anthocyanins (AA) being significantly more stable than non-acylated anthocyanins (NAA). Anthocyanins acylated with feruloyl and coumaroyl glycosides were the most stable carrot pigments. The higher stability of carrot colorants is likely due to their richness in AA and -to a lesser extent- copigmentation with other phenolics.
The antifungal activity of food additives or ‘generally recognized as safe’ (GRAS) compounds was tested in vitro against Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata. Radial mycelial growth of each ...pathogen was measured in PDA Petri dishes amended with food preservatives at 0.2, 1.0, or 2.0% (v/v) after 3, 5, and 7days of incubation at 25°C. Selected additives and concentrations were tested as antifungal ingredients of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings. The curative activity of stable coatings was tested in in vivo experiments. Cherry tomatoes were artificially inoculated with the pathogens, coated by immersion about 24h later, and incubated at 20°C and 90% RH. Disease incidence and severity (lesion diameter) were determined after 6, 10, and 15days of incubation and the ‘area under the disease progress stairs’ (AUDPS) was calculated. In general, HPMC-lipid antifungal coatings controlled black spot caused by A. alternata more effectively than gray mold caused by B. cinerea. Overall, the best results for reduction of gray mold on cherry tomato fruit were obtained with coatings containing 2.0% of potassium carbonate, ammonium phosphate, potassium bicarbonate, or ammonium carbonate, while 2.0% sodium methylparaben, sodium ethylparaben, and sodium propylparaben were the best ingredients for coatings against black rot.
•Food preservatives and concentrations effective against Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata were selected in vitro.•Preservatives at 2% were stable ingredients of HPMC-lipid edible coatings.•Curative activity of coatings on cherry tomatoes was higher against black rot than gray mold.•Coatings with carbonates and sodium parabens were the most effective against gray mold and black rot, respectively.•Antifungal activity of coatings was fungistatic rather than fungicidal, and not very persistent.
•Multi-element contents were determined in grape seeds by ICP-MS.•LDA, PLS-DA, k-NN, SVM, and RF chemometrics methods were applied for classification.•Random Forest (RF) method was useful for ...geographical classification.•Intra-regional classification of grape seeds from Mendoza province was achieved.
The feasibility of the application of chemometric techniques associated with multi-element analysis for the classification of grape seeds according to their provenance vineyard soil was investigated. Grape seed samples from different localities of Mendoza province (Argentina) were evaluated. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the determination of twenty-nine elements (Ag, As, Ce, Co, Cs, Cu, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, La, Lu, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pr, Rb, Sm, Te, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, Y, Zn and Zr). Once the analytical data were collected, supervised pattern recognition techniques such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA), partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), support vector machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) were applied to construct classification/discrimination rules. The results indicated that nonlinear methods, RF and SVM, perform best with up to 98% and 93% accuracy rate, respectively, and therefore are excellent tools for classification of grapes.
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