The Pierre Auger Collaboration reports on its search for ultra high energy (UHE) neutrinos in the EeV range, three orders of magnitude above the highest energy neutrino events reported by IceCube. ...Analyzing over 9 years of data, the collaboration found no events, setting the strictest limits to date on the diffuse flux of UHE neutrinos. Neutrinos in the cosmic ray flux with energies near 1 EeV and above are detectable with the Surface Detector array (SD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We report here on searches through Auger data from 1 January 2004 until 20 June 2013. No neutrino candidates were found, yielding a limit to the diffuse flux of ultrahigh energy neutrinos that challenges the Waxman-Bahcall bound predictions. Neutrino identification is attempted using the broad time structure of the signals expected in the SD stations, and is efficiently done for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for "Earth-skimming" neutrino interactions in the case of tau neutrinos. In this paper the searches for downward-going neutrinos in the zenith angle bins 60degrees-75degrees and 75degrees-90degrees as well as for upward-going neutrinos, are combined to give a single limit. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultrahigh energy neutrinos with an E super(-2) spectrum in the energy range 1.0 x 10 super(17) eV -2.5 x 10 super(19) eV is (ProQuest: Formulae and/or non-USASCII text omitted) GeV cm super(-2) s super(-1) sr super(-1).
The concrete construction and demolition waste (CDW) is usually recycled as coarse aggregate. The fine fraction remains unused - if recovered at all, it is for downcycling in backfilling. Part 1 of ...this article is dedicated to a technical study on recycling of the waste concrete powder (WCP) as supplement in blended cements. Part 2 presents assessment of the environmental impacts of those binders. XRD and DTA/TG analyses of WCP are performed. WCP from two types of concrete CDW is used. The behaviour of fresh and hardened pastes with replacement of CEM I 52,5 by WCP (15%, 30% and 45%) is investigated. Standard methods of testing with some modifications are used. The influence of WCP content on the setting, consistency, strength and water absorption is evaluated. Four different curing regimes are applied. The results confirm the initial assumption that WCP can be consider as cementitious supplement. The replacement rate up to 15% practically does not change the behaviour of the binder, while 45% seems to be the maximum, because of binders performances degradation. The replacement up to 30% allows to keep satisfactory technical properties, but offers greater economic and environmental advantages.
A series of microemulsions based on oleic acid and Tween 80, modified with piperidinium surfactants, have been obtained and characterized. The effect of additives on the size, stability, and ...solubilization effect of the formed systems with respect to hydrophilic (rhodamine B) and hydrophobic (indomethacin) substances have been investigated. Varying of the components ratio has allowed preparation of the microemulsions with strongly different viscosity: from easy-flowing formulations to gels. Kinetic parameters describing release of the substrates from the microemulsions have been obtained. In vivo tests of the anti-inflammatory action of the microemulsions loaded with indomethacin have shown that the presence of piperidinium surfactants enhances the therapeutic effect of the drug.
We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we ...obtain a radiation energy of 15.8±0.7(stat)±6.7(syst) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principles calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.
We report the first measurement of the flux-averaged cross section for charged current coherent π^{+} production on carbon for neutrino energies less than 1.5 GeV, and with a restriction on the final ...state phase space volume in the T2K near detector, ND280. Comparisons are made with predictions from the Rein-Sehgal coherent production model and the model by Alvarez-Ruso et al., the latter representing the first implementation of an instance of the new class of microscopic coherent models in a neutrino interaction Monte Carlo event generator. We observe a clear event excess above background, disagreeing with the null results reported by K2K and SciBooNE in a similar neutrino energy region. The measured flux-averaged cross sections are below those predicted by both the Rein-Sehgal and Alvarez-Ruso et al.
Vaccination of the population is one of the most effective countermeasures in responding to the pandemic caused by novel coronavirus infection. Therefore, scientists all over the world have been ...working to develop effective and safe vaccines. We have developed a synthetic peptide vaccine, EpiVacCorona, against novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which is a suspension for intramuscular administration containing a composition of chemically synthesized peptide immunogens of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus conjugated to a carrier protein and adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide. Phase I–II clinical trials of the vaccine have started that consist of two stages: Stage 1 is an open study of the safety, reactogenicity, and immunological activity of the vaccine with the involvement of 14 volunteers aged 18–30 years; Stage 2 is a single blind, comparative, randomized placebo-controlled study with the involvement of 86 volunteers. The study involved volunteers aged 18–60 years; the vaccine was injected intramuscularly twice, spaced 21 days apart between injections. All local reactions in response to vaccine administration were mild, such as a short-term pain at the injection site. There were no signs of development of local or systemic adverse reactions. The two-dose vaccination scheme induced the production of antibodies, specific to the antigens that make up the vaccine, in 100% of the volunteers. Seroconversion with a neutralizing antibody titer ≥ 1:20 was reported in 100% of the volunteers 21 days following the second immunization dose. No seroconversion was reported in the groups of volunteers vaccinated with a placebo. The peptide-based EpiVacCorona Vaccine has low reactogenicity and is a safe, immunogenic product. Clinical Trials Identifier: NCT04527575.
•The addition of one methyl group into the poly(piridinium) salt significantly affects its electrochromic characteristics.•Electrochromic properties of two poly(pyridinium) salts in four supporting ...electrolytes (KCl, KBr, LiCl, NaCl) were studied.•Bulky counterions (CF3SO−3) in the poly(piridinium)s salts limit the anion transport in the electrochromic films.•The cation size increase leads to electrochromic contrast deteriotaion, coloring time increase and bleaching time decrease.
Electrochromic properties of two poly(pyridinium) salts (PV1 and PV2 with additional methyl substituent) in different supporting electrolytes were investigated. KCl, NaCl, LiCl and KBr supporting electrolytes were used to analyze the ions transfer due to ions size variation. The electrochromic properties of polymer films were examined by electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods. Both polymers demonstrate reversible redox process in all studied supporting electrolytes. In general, replacement of K+ ions by Li+ or Na+ ions leads to deterioration in the optical contrast and coloring time in contrast to bleaching time which is improved for both studied polymers. The reason behind this is thought to be an increasing cation size obstructing the cation transport in redox reactions. Comparing the relative changes in polymer electrochromic characteristics by the electrolyte replacement is less significant for PV2 films. The replacement of supporting electrolyte anions has practically no effect on the electrochromic properties of both polymers.
Raman Gas Sensor Based on Metal-Coated Capillary Cell Kostenko, M. A.; Matrosov, I. I.; Zaripov, A. R. ...
Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Physics,
12/2023, Volume:
87, Issue:
Suppl 1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
We presented a method for enhancing the Raman signal of gases using a capillary cell made of simple rectangular mirrors. The application of such a capillary with an internal size of 100 × 0.8 × 0.8 ...mm improved the signal-to-noise ratio by ∼8 times. It is shown that the developed Raman gas sensor has a detection limit of atmospheric CO
2
close to 60 ppm at atmospheric pressure with an accumulation time of 100 s. Ways to improve the sensitivity of such a gas sensor up to several ppm were discussed.
The fuel and energy complex is the fundamental and systemically important basis of the economy of the Russian Federation. Stable development of the fuel and energy complex is possible due to the ...sustainable development of the country's mineral and raw materials base, including the Arctic territories. Today, in connection with the events connected with the conflicts in the east of Ukraine and Crimea's incorporation into Russia, restrictive economic and political measures or sanctions have been imposed against our state. One of the industrial sectors that felt their influence was the extraction of minerals and especially hydrocarbons. Effective management, which also includes risk management, will allow mineral raw materials and fuel and energy companies, if not to eliminate, but minimize the impact of sanctions on their activities. What is risk as a concept, features of business risks in the implementation of Arctic projects? What specific risks does the energy industry face in the course of its activities as a whole? What business risks are more likely to be affected by sanctions? What do fuel and energy companies first of all need to pay attention to? These questions are answered in the present paper.
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