This Letter reports new results on muon neutrino disappearance from NOvA, using a 14 kton detector equivalent exposure of 6.05×10^{20} protons on target from the NuMI beam at the Fermi National ...Accelerator Laboratory. The measurement probes the muon-tau symmetry hypothesis that requires maximal θ_{23} mixing (θ_{23}=π/4). Assuming the normal mass hierarchy, we find Δm_{32}^{2}=(2.67±0.11)×10^{-3} eV^{2} and sin^{2}θ_{23} at the two statistically degenerate values 0.404_{-0.022}^{+0.030} and 0.624_{-0.030}^{+0.022}, both at the 68% confidence level. Our data disfavor the maximal mixing scenario with 2.6σ significance.
We present an analysis of the nucleon strange sea extracted from a global Parton Distribution Function fit including the neutrino and anti-neutrino dimuon data by the CCFR and NuTeV Collaborations, ...the inclusive charged lepton–nucleon Deep Inelastic Scattering and Drell–Yan data. The (anti-)neutrino induced dimuon analysis is constrained by the semileptonic charmed-hadron branching ratio Bμ=(8.8±0.5)%, determined from the inclusive charmed hadron measurements performed by the FNAL-E531 and CHORUS neutrino emulsion experiments. Our analysis yields a strange sea suppression factor κ(20 GeV2)=0.62±0.04(exp.)±0.03(QCD), the most precise value available, an x-distribution of total strange sea that is slightly softer than the non-strange sea, and an asymmetry between strange and anti-strange quark distributions consistent with zero (integrated over x it is equal to S−(20 GeV2)=0.0013±0.0009(exp.)±0.0002(QCD)).
The two-detector design of the NOvA neutrino oscillation experiment, in which two functionally identical detectors are exposed to an intense neutrino beam, aids in canceling leading order effects of ...cross-section uncertainties. However, limited knowledge of neutrino interaction cross sections still gives rise to some of the largest systematic uncertainties in current oscillation measurements. We show contemporary models of neutrino interactions to be discrepant with data from NOvA, consistent with discrepancies seen in other experiments. Adjustments to neutrino interaction models in GENIE are presented, creating an effective model that improves agreement with our data. We also describe systematic uncertainties on these models, including uncertainties on multi-nucleon interactions from a newly developed procedure using NOvA near detector data.
This Letter reports results from the first long-baseline search for sterile antineutrinos mixing in an accelerator-based antineutrino-dominated beam. The rate of neutral-current interactions in the ...two NOvA detectors, at distances of 1 and 810 km from the beam source, is analyzed using an exposure of 12.51×10^{20} protons-on-target from the NuMI beam at Fermilab running in antineutrino mode. A total of 121 of neutral-current candidates are observed at the far detector, compared to a prediction of 122±11(stat.)±15(syst.) assuming mixing only between three active flavors. No evidence for νover ¯_{μ}→νover ¯_{s} oscillation is observed. Interpreting this result within a 3+1 model, constraints are placed on the mixing angles θ_{24}<25° and θ_{34}<32° at the 90% C.L. for 0.05 eV^{2}≤Δm_{41}^{2}≤0.5 eV^{2}, the range of mass splittings that produces no significant oscillations at the near detector. These are the first 3+1 confidence limits set using long-baseline accelerator antineutrinos.
How to include spacetime translations in fibre bundle gauge theories has been a subject of controversy, because spacetime symmetries are not internal symmetries of the bundle structure group. The ...standard method for including affine symmetry in differential geometry is to define a Cartan connection on an affine bundle over spacetime. This is equivalent to (1) defining an affine connection on the affine bundle, (2) defining a zero section on the associated affine vector bundle, and (3) using the affine connection and the zero section to define an "associated solder form," whose lift to a tensorial form on the frame bundle becomes the solder form. The zero section reduces the affine bundle to a linear bundle and splits the affine connection into translational and homogeneous parts; however it violates translational equivariance / gauge symmetry. This is the natural geometric framework for Einstein-Cartan theory as an affine theory of gravitation. The last section discusses some alternative approaches that claim to preserve translational gauge symmetry.
Background and importanceA temporary shortage of drugs is an important public health problem as patient care is at risk. In Italian legislation, ‘shortage’ means a drug that cannot be found ...throughout the country, as the holder of its marketing temporarily cannot ensure an appropriate and continuous supply. The Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) constantly monitors drug shortages and makes them public. By ‘unavailable’, we mean a medicine that cannot be immediately processed by the holder following an order. No state authority monitors this phenomenon.Aim and objectivesNHS pharmacists are constantly busy managing these deficiencies. In 2018, the Italian Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SIFO), with the support of AIFA, decided to start a project called ‘DruGhost’, which plans to activate and feed a web based platform for the unavailability of drugs.Material and methodsA web application (DruGhost) was created. It is in an experimental phase, limited to five Italian regions, where notifications of unavailability of drugs are entered by members of the SIFO. It consists of a form that allows the reporting of unavailability, and a web based database that collects all the reports that have been approved by the validators. It is accessible to all SIFO members and it can be consulted with the aid of filters (drug, keyword, AIC, manufacturer, region of the reporting facility, beginning of unavailability and reporting date).ResultsAn analysis of the reports entered in six months of use found 73 reports: 70 referred to drugs for hospital use (70% antimicrobial, 30% oncological) and three concerned disinfectants. In contrast, analysing the number of accesses to the database, it emerged that 845 consultations were carried out: most (70%) were carried out by pharmacists belonging to hospitals located within the regions subject to the experimentation, while the remaining 30% originated from other regions.Conclusion and relevanceDruGhost will be a source to analyse and quantify the phenomenon of unavailability which often precedes a shortage and is a priority topic for pharmacists and the AIFA. It will help to find suppliers with product availability and will also create a useful tool as a quality indicator to ‘validate’ and ‘evaluate’ suppliers in procurement procedures.References and/or acknowledgementsConflict of interestNo conflict of interest
The cross section of neutrino-induced neutral-current coherent π0 production on a carbon-dominated target is measured in the NOvA near detector. This measurement uses a narrow-band neutrino beam with ...an average neutrino energy of 2.7 GeV, which is of interest to ongoing and future long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. The measured, flux-averaged cross section is σ = 13.8 ± 0.9 ( stat ) ± 2.3 ( syst ) × 10−40 cm2 / nucleus , consistent with model prediction. This result is the most precise measurement of neutral-current coherent π 0 production in the few-GeV neutrino energy region.
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