The modulation of extracellular adenosine concentration by opioids provides evidence that the antinociceptive effects of these compounds involve endogenous adenosine. The aim of this study was to ...determine whether there is a relation between the inhibition of brain synaptosome adenosine uptake by opioid agonists and the analgesic effects of these compounds.
The authors used the hot plate and tail-pinch tests to evaluate in mice (C57BL/6 females; weight, 25-30 g) the effects of caffeine, a nonspecific adenosine receptor antagonist, on the antinociceptive effect induced by the intracerebroventricular administration of oxymorphone as a mu agonist, SNC80 as a delta agonist, or U69593 as a kappa agonist. They also investigated the effect of these opioid receptor agonists on the uptake of adenosine by whole brain synaptosomes.
Caffeine decreased the analgesic effects induced by oxymorphone or SNC80 but not those induced by U69593. Oxymorphone and SNC80 inhibited adenosine uptake by brain cells, but U69593 did not.
The antinociceptive effects obtained with mu or delta (but not kappa) agonists administered supraspinally were indicative of the involvement of modulation of adenosine uptake.
Stream query processing is becoming increasingly important as more time-oriented data is produced and analyzed online. Stream processing is typically memory-resident for the fastest processing of ...ephemeral data. With workload consolidation, processing separate data streams on the same processor may lead to harmful contention between query workloads. This contention may become particularly problematic as new main memory technologies are adopted, such as phase-change memory, that have asymmetric read and write latency. This work presents a preliminary study of performance implications of consolidation and emerging memory on stream query processing. We show that contention in the memory subsystem worsens with a phase-change main memory, suggesting that new stream optimization and hardware approaches will be required to achieve quality of service and quality of data guarantees in future computer servers.
Noonan syndrome, an autosomal dominant disease occurring with an incidence of 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 2,500 live births, is characterized by its particular cardiovascular abnormalities, including pulmonic ...valve stenosis, pulmonary artery stenosis, and, more rarely, septal defects and coarctation of the aorta. The case of a 20-year-old man admitted for inpatient cardiopulmonary rehabilitation after pulmonic valve repair, left pulmonary artery angioplasty, and pectus excavatum repair is presented. His endurance was markedly decreased, thus limiting his ability to perform activities of daily living and reducing his exercise tolerance. With participation in a comprehensive cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program, he experienced marked improvement with independence in his activities of daily living and an increase in his metabolic equivalent levels from to 2.8 to 5.4. After inpatient rehabilitation, he underwent left pulmonary stent placement before being discharged home. Subsequent outpatient cardiopulmonary rehabilitation has continued to improve significantly his overall exercise tolerance. Given that Noonan syndrome is viewed as the most common syndrome associated with congenital heart disease after Down syndrome, physiatrists must be familiar with its presentation, its associated abnormalities, and the treatment approach to optimize the patient's cardiopulmonary, musculoskeletal, and psychological status.
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