The combined use of multi-GNSS systems in positioning, navigation and timing requires taking into account the variable time offset between the individual system times. This offset can be determined ...at the user level as an additional unknown in the position-velocity-time (PVT) solution when a sufficient number of satellites is visible. However, a known value of the inter-system bias can also be injected in the PVT algorithm. We investigate in which situation determining the Galileo-to-GPS-Time-Offset (GGTO) or fixing this parameter to a known value provides the best PVT solution and quantify the impact of a biased fixed GGTO value on the PVT solutions. Our results indicate that the recommendation on fixing or determining the GGTO, as well as the impact of a biased fixed GGTO value, heavily depends on the receiver noise level. In high visibility conditions, fixing the GGTO provides a similar or better solution than determining the GGTO if the accuracy of the fixed GGTO is better than 2 ns for a high precision receiver and 7 ns for a smartphone. Furthermore, an extreme bias of 20 ns on the fixed GGTO with respect to the true value induces an increase in the position or timing errors lower than 50% for a smartphone, while up to 150% for a high precision receiver. As a consequence, fixing the GGTO should be preferred in mass-market receivers, while determining the GGTO should be preferred in high precision receivers. The study also shows that there is no significant correlation between the superiority of determining or fixing the GGTO and either the dilution of precision or the number of visible satellites.
Abstract IceCube is a neutrino observatory deployed in the glacial ice at the geographic South Pole. The $$\nu _\mu $$ νμ energy unfolding described in this paper is based on data taken with IceCube ...in its 79-string configuration. A sample of muon neutrino charged-current interactions with a purity of 99.5% was selected by means of a multivariate classification process based on machine learning. The subsequent unfolding was performed using the software Truee. The resulting spectrum covers an E$$_\nu $$ ν -range of more than four orders of magnitude from 125 GeV to 3.2 PeV. Compared to the Honda atmospheric neutrino flux model, the energy spectrum shows an excess of more than $$1.9\,\sigma $$ 1.9σ in four adjacent bins for neutrino energies $$E_\nu \ge 177.8\,\text {TeV}$$ Eν≥177.8TeV . The obtained spectrum is fully compatible with previous measurements of the atmospheric neutrino flux and recent IceCube measurements of a flux of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos.
Social movements fight to change society’s roots and challenge entrenched cultural frameworks. At the same time, however, they must attend to everyday activism and protests that constitute a clear ...and pragmatic mobilization goal. This article analyzes the case of a movement for decent housing on social media called Platform for Those Affected by Mortgages (PAH). This organization fights to guarantee universal access to housing, a recurrent problem in large cities. It grew in 2010 when the subprime mortgage crisis broke out in the United States. The bursting of the real estate bubble built up at that time had a global impact, pushing other markets. On the one hand, the movement has to change entrenched cognitive frameworks that say property must be bought and its loss is the individual’s responsibility. On the other hand, it must coordinate and try to gather as many people as possible to stop the evictions that occur every day. Twitter seems crucial for daily mobilization in this double logic, while Facebook allows for more complex narratives. The methodology used was a framing analysis of the content published on the organization’s official Facebook and Twitter accounts. Although these should be understood as overlapping layers, the movement is often trapped in a narrative that it does not want. By highlighting specific cases, it leads to an understanding that access to housing does not affect most of society.
Os movimentos sociais lutam para mudar as raízes da sociedade, para desafiar estruturas culturais arraigadas. Ao mesmo tempo, no entanto, eles precisam atender ao ativismo cotidiano, aos protestos que constituem uma meta clara e pragmática de mobilização. Neste artigo, analisa-se o caso do movimento por moradia digna chamado “Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca” nas redes sociais. Essa organização luta para garantir o acesso universal à moradia, um problema recorrente nas grandes cidades, e teve seu boom em 2010, após a eclosão da crise das hipotecas subprime nos Estados Unidos. O estouro da bolha imobiliária naquela época teve consequências globais, que acabaram afetando outros mercados. Por um lado, o movimento precisa mudar as estruturas cognitivas arraigadas que dizem que a propriedade deve ser comprada e que sua perda é uma responsabilidade individual. Por outro lado, ele deve coordenar e tentar reunir o maior número possível de pessoas para impedir os despejos que ocorrem todos os dias. Nessa lógica dupla, o Twitter parece ser crucial para a mobilização diária, enquanto o Facebook permite narrativas mais complexas. A metodologia usada consistiu em uma análise da estrutura do conteúdo publicado nas contas oficiais da organização no Facebook e no Twitter. Embora devam ser entendidas como camadas sobrepostas, o movimento muitas vezes fica preso em uma narrativa que não é a que ele deseja. Ao destacar casos específicos, é possível entender que o acesso à moradia não afeta a maioria da sociedade.
Los movimientos sociales luchan por cambiar las raíces de la sociedad, por desafiar marcos culturales arraigados. Al mismo tiempo, sin embargo, deben atender al activismo cotidiano, a las protestas que constituyen un objetivo claro y pragmático de la movilización. Este artículo analiza el caso del movimiento por una vivienda digna denominado Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca (PAH) en las redes sociales. Esta organización lucha por garantizar el acceso universal a la vivienda, un problema recurrente en las grandes ciudades, y tuvo su auge en 2010, tras estallar la crisis de las hipotecas “subprime” en Estados Unidos. La explosión de la burbuja inmobiliaria que se generó en aquel entonces tuvo consecuencias mundiales, lo que terminó afectando a otros mercados. Por un lado, el movimiento tiene que cambiar marcos cognitivos arraigados que dicen que la propiedad hay que comprarla y que su pérdida es responsabilidad individual. Por otro lado, debe coordinarse e intentar reunir al mayor número de personas posible para detener los desahucios que se producen cada día. En esta doble lógica, Twitter parece ser crucial para la movilización diaria, mientras que Facebook permite narrativas más complejas. La metodología utilizada consistió en un análisis de marcos de los contenidos publicados en las cuentas oficiales de la organización en Facebook y Twitter. Aunque deben entenderse como capas superpuestas, el movimiento a menudo se ve atrapado en una narrativa que no es la que desea. Al destacar casos concretos, se logra entender que el acceso a la vivienda no afecta a la mayor parte de la sociedad.
Selain pendidikan kesehatan gigi dan mulut, juga penting untuk membangun sistem manajemen data keluhan keluhan menyangkut akibat yang dirasakan para pengkonsumsi sirih pinang sebagai sistem ...monitoring dan evaluasi untuk pencegahan kanker mulut dan penyakit sistemik lainnya yang dikeluhkan masyarakat. Penerapan dari pengabmas ini akan diwujudkan dengan memberikan solusi yang tepat dalam membina dan memberi sosialisasi dengan memberikan penyuluhan yang tepat yang hasilnya dapat membuka wawasan para pengkonsumsi sirih pinang khususnya ibu-ibu di pedesaan yang mempunyai anak balita dan sekaligus memutus mata rantai keberlanjutan mengkonsumsi sirih pinang. Permasalahan. Masih banyaknya masyarakat termasuk anak-anak yang mengkonsumsi sirih pinang padahal zat tersebut berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Solusi permasalahannya antara lain adalah dengan bekerja sama dengan para kader Posyandu di desa Bokong Kecamatan Taebenu juga sasaran yaitu ibu ibu yang mempunyai anak balita untuk dilakukan sosialisasi yang terus menerus tentang topik tersebut, memberikan peragaan cara menyikat gigi yang baik dan benar. Mendampingi dan memonitor yang mempunyai anak anak balita dalam menjalani cessation untuk berhenti mengkonsumsi sirih pinang. Memberi sosialisasi kepada ibu ibu yang punya anak balita dan juga para kader tentang bahayanya mengkonsumsi sirih pinang serta membuat Buku Saku yang dibagikan kepada ibu ibu yang mempunyai anak anak balita dan para kader kesehatan di posyandu desa Naiotel. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah edukasi masyarakat, pelatihan kader dan pendampingan agar ibu ibu yang mempunyai balita bisa sebagai contoh bagi anaknya dan diharapkan kedepan anak anak balita tersebut tidak mengkonsumsi sirih pinang, dan dapat menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulutnya. Hasil menunjukkan telah dilatihnya 20 kader PKK dan kader posyandu serta guru PAUD dalam mengenal tentang berbahayanya sirih pinang bagi ibu hamil dan juga anak anak PAUD. Telah terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan kader dari nilai berkisar 50 menjadi 82. Terjadinya peningkatan sikap dari 48 menjadi 83. Diharapkan tindakan dan perilaku ke depan menjadi lebih baik dan para kader maupun orang tua dapat mengajarkan anak-anaknya tentang bahayanya mengkonsumsi sirih pinang. Ibu-ibu tidak memberikan sirih pinang yang sudah dikunyah diberikan pada anak-anaknya karena hal inilah yang menyebabkan anak anak mengkonsumsi sirih pinang dan sifatnya yang adiktif. Sebanyak 59 ibu ibu hamil dan bapak-bapak yang mempunyai balita telah dilakukan sosialisasi mengenai berbahayanya sirih pinang dan sifat ketergantungan dari pinang tersebut. Disarankan agar digerakkan suatu kampanye yang menggandeng Pemerintah, tokoh masyarakat, LSM, guru guru, Civitas Akademika dari berbagai universitas untuk menghimbau masyarakat tentang berbahayanya mengkonsumsi sirih pinang.
Marine (blue) biotechnology is an emerging field enabling the valorization of new products and processes with massive potential for innovation and economic growth. In the Mediterranean region, this ...innovation potential is not exploited as well as in other European regions due to a lack of a clear identification of the different value chains and the high fragmentation of business innovation initiatives. As a result, several opportunities to create an innovative society are being missed. To address this problem, eight Northern Mediterranean countries (Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovenia and Spain) established five national blue biotechnology hubs to identify and address the bottlenecks that prevent the development of marine biotechnology in the region. Following a three-step approach (1. Analysis: setting the scene; 2. Transfer: identification of promising value chains; 3. Capitalization: community creation), we identified the three value chains that are most promising for the Northern Mediterranean region: algae production for added-value compounds, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) and valorization aquaculture/fisheries/processing by-products, unavoidable/unwanted catches and discards. The potential for the development and the technical and non-technical skills that are necessary to advance in this exciting field were identified through several stakeholder events which provided valuable insight and feedback that should be addressed for marine biotechnology in the Northern Mediterranean region to reach its full potential.
Background: Increasing knowledge can be done through dental health education efforts, namely counseling to provide information to the community. Efforts to increase knowledge can be given a stimulus ...through educational games to sharpen children's brains and make children creative because the world of children is a world of play. To support playing and learning activities, media is needed that can be interesting according to the characteristics of children's development. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of counseling using puzzle game media and snakes and ladders on dental caries knowledge in elementary school students in Taebenu District. The research design uses a quasi-experimental research design with a non-equivalent control group design. Sampling was by purposive sampling, the instrument in the study used a questionnaire and the analysis used SPSS with the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. The results of the study: there is a significant difference in the number of scores between the puzzle media game and the snakes and ladders media game. This is evidenced by the results of the Mann-Whitney test, which obtained a p-value of 0.000 <0.05. From the results of the study it was concluded that there was an increase in the level of knowledge of children who were given games using snakes and ladders media more effectively than children who were given games using puzzle media.
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