Purpose
To evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and dental developmental defects (DDD) in childhood cancer survivors (CCS) and identify disease and treatment-related risk factors
.
Methods
CCS ...aged up to 21 years, diagnosed with a malignancy before the age of 10 years and in remission for at least one year were included. Data were collected from patients’ medical records and through a clinical examination where presence of dental caries and prevalence of DDD were recorded. Fisher’s exact test was used to assess possible correlations and multivariate regression analysis to determine risk factors for defect development.
Results
Seventy CCS with a mean chronological age of 11.2 years at the time of examination, mean age at cancer diagnosis of 4.17 years, and a mean post-treatment follow-up time of 5.48 years were included. Mean DMFT/dmft was 1.31, with 29% of survivors presenting with at least one carious lesion. Younger patients on the day of examination and patients treated with higher radiation dose, showed significantly higher prevalence of dental caries. The prevalence of DDD was 59%, with demarcated opacities being the defect most commonly observed (40%). Age at dental examination, diagnosis, age at diagnosis, and time that have elapsed since the end of treatment were the factors significantly affecting its prevalence. Regression analysis revealed that age at examination was the only factor significantly associated with the presence of coronal defects.
Conclusion
A great number of CCS presented with at least one carious lesion or a DDD, with the prevalence being significantly associated with various disease-specific characteristics, but age at dental examination the only significant predictor.
Summary
The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of cervical dentin hypersensitivity in a cross‐sectional investigation of Greek adults. Seven hundred and sixty‐seven subjects were ...examined. Participants were patients processed for first examination in the Clinic of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Athens. The evaluation of hypersensitivity was performed using two methods: for each tooth, the response to a) tactile stimulus and b) air‐blast stimulus was measured. Additional factors such as smoking habits, oral health behaviour, consumption of acidic foods, type of toothbrush, daily use of fluoride solution and of desensitising toothpaste, gingival recession and non‐carious cervical lesions were recorded and evaluated as causative factors. Descriptive statistics on the demographics of the study sample, of oral health behaviour characteristics and of oral examination findings were performed. Comparisons of these characteristics in the presence or absence of hypersensitivity were conducted with the chi‐square test. Data were further analysed using multiple logistic regression modelling. Among study participants, 21·3% had at least one cervical dentin hypersensitivity reaction to the tactile stimulus, and 38·6%, to the air‐blast stimulus. Multivariate analysis detected association of the hypersensitivity in tactile or air‐blast stimulus with the non‐carious lesions and with the gingival recessions. Additionally, a relation between hypersensitivity and air‐blast stimulus with gender (female) was found. There was no association between the hypersensitivity in both of the stimuli and the level of education, smoking, consumption of acidic foods, type of toothbrush and daily use of fluoride solution or desensitising toothpaste. The overall prevalence of cervical dentin hypersensitivity in the adult population in Athens ranged from 21·3% to 38·6% depending on the type of stimuli. Cervical non‐carious lesions and gingival recessions were determined as significant predictors of dentin hypersensitivity.
Introduction: High levels of stress and burnout have been documented among dental students and practicing dentists, but evidence among dental residents and postgraduate students is lacking.
...Materials and methods: Ninety‐nine postgraduate students enrolled in clinical, non‐clinical and PhD programmes in the Athens University School of Dentistry completed the Graduate Dental Environment Stress (GDES) questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Perceived stress was measured in two domains, academic (GDES‐A) and clinical (GDES‐C) and burnout was measured using the scales of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA). Analyses relied on descriptive, univariate and multivariate methods based on ANOVA and generalised linear models.
Results: Participants’ mean age was 30 years; two‐thirds were women and practised dentistry independently of their graduate studies. Residents in clinical programmes reported significantly higher levels of perceived stress compared to non‐clinical and PhD students (P < 0.05). There were no gender differences in perceived stress. Forty per cent of respondents were burnout ‘cases’ on the EE scale, while this proportion was 38% for reduced PA and smaller, 13% for DP. Perceived stress was positively correlated with all burnout dimensions, whereas independent dental practice and higher age had a protective effect.
Conclusions: High rates of burnout manifestations were detected among this sample of Greek postgraduate dental students. Perceived stress correlated with burnout and was more pronounced among those enrolled in clinical residency compared to non‐clinical and PhD programmes.
To study the caries prevalence and caries experience of 5, 12 and 15-year-old children in Greece and evaluate how the disease pattern is related to their sociodemographic parameters.
A stratified ...cluster sample of 1209, 1224 and 1257 of five, twelve and fifteen-year-old Greek children were randomly selected according to WHO guidelines for national pathfinder surveys and examined for dental caries, according to the BASCD criteria and standards. d3mft, D3MFT and their components, as well as d3mfs, D3MFS, Care Index (CI) and SiC were recorded and related to the demographic data collected concerning age, gender, counties, urban/rural areas and parents' educational status.
Dental caries varied considerably between the different districts, with a mean dmft/DMFT value for each age group being 1.77, 2.05 and 3.19 respectively, while 64%, 37% and 29% of them, were with no obvious dentinal caries. Children living in rural areas demonstrated significantly higher dmft/DMFT values and less dental restorative care (CI), whereas children with fathers of a higher educational level showed significantly lower dmft/DMFT values. The significant caries (SIC) index value for the three age groups was 5.01, 4.83 and 7.07 respectively. Posterior occlusal surfaces of the permanent teeth presented most of the caries in the 12 (68%) and 15-year-old group (78%).
Despite the decrease in the prevalence of caries in Greek children disparities remain. Children in rural areas and children with less educated parents had more caries and more untreated caries. All the above call for immediate intervention with comprehensive preventive programs and better geographic targeting of the dental services at a national level including targeted prevention of pit and fissure sealants on posterior permanent molars.
.
We report on new measurements of the electric Generalized Polarizability (GP) of the proton
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in a kinematic region where a puzzling dependence on momentum transfer has been observed, and we have ...found that
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The purpose of this study was to search the orthodontic literature and determine the frequency of reporting of confidence intervals (CIs) in orthodontic journals with an impact factor. The six latest ...issues of the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, the European Journal of Orthodontics, and the Angle Orthodontist were hand searched and the reporting of CIs, P values, and implementation of univariate or multivariate statistical analyses were recorded. Additionally, studies were classified according to the type/design as cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, and clinical trials, and according to the subject of the study as growth/genetics, behaviour/psychology, diagnosis/treatment, and biomaterials/biomechanics. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics followed by univariate examination of statistical associations, logistic regression, and multivariate modelling. CI reporting was very limited and was recorded in only 6 per cent of the included published studies. CI reporting was independent of journal, study area, and design. Studies that used multivariate statistical analyses had a higher probability of reporting CIs compared with those using univariate statistical analyses. Misunderstanding of the use of P values and CIs may have important implications in implementation of research findings in clinical practice.
Introduction
Accumulating evidence amongst dental students indicates an alarming prevalence of stress, which can precipitate the development of burnout – a state of mental or physical exhaustion and ...disengagement. Understanding individual and educational correlates of burnout is necessary for its prevention. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of burnout amongst a large sample of Colombian dental undergraduates and investigate its psychosocial and educational correlates.
Materials and methods
Survey data collected from 5647 students participating in the Stress in Colombian Dental Education study were used for this analysis. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Student Survey (MBI‐SS). Covariates included participants’ socio‐demographic characteristics and perceived stress, as well as educational environment factors. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate methods based on multilevel mixed‐effects logistic regression modelling were used for data analysis.
Results
Seven per cent of the students surveyed met the criteria for burnout. The prevalence of burnout was higher amongst upper classes, older and married students, those who reported not having passed all required courses and not having dentistry as their first career choice, as well as students in public institutions and those with large class sizes. Moreover, students’ perceived stress in the domains of workload and self‐efficacy was significantly and positively associated with burnout.
Conclusions
Both personal and educational environment characteristics were found to be associated with burnout. Irrespective of these factors, students’ perceived stress with regard to workload and self‐efficacy was a strong influence on burnout and its alleviation may be a promising avenue to prevent psychological morbidity.
Structured
Authors – Pandis N, Vlachopoulos K, Polychronopoulou A, Madianos P, Eliades T
Objectives – To explore whether the use of self‐ligating brackets is associated with better values for ...periodontal indices because of the lack of elastomeric modules and concomitantly, reduced availability of retentive sites for microbial colonization and plaque accumulation.
Setting and Sample Population – Private practice of the first author. Patients were selected using the following inclusion criteria: age range 12–17 years, fixed appliances on both arches, aligned mandibular arch, and absence of oral habits and anterior crossbites.
Materials and Methods – Prospective cohort investigation. Participants were grouped for bracket type, thus 50 patients formed the conventional bracket cohort and 50 patients the self‐ligating bracket cohort. Both cohorts were followed with the purpose to examine periodontal status. Average length of follow‐up was 18 months. This time period was considered adequate for a proportion of study participants to experience the outcome of interest. Outcome variables were plaque index, gingival index, calculus index, and probing depth for the two bracket cohorts.
Results – No difference was found in the indices recorded between the two bracket cohorts studied.
Conclusion – Under the conditions as applied in this study, the self‐ligating brackets do not have an advantage over conventional brackets with respect to the periodontal status of the mandibular anterior teeth.
•Interventions available for the anxiety in children with ASD.•Total of 137 studies included in review.•Various methods for coping with anxiety in children with ASD have been applied.
Anxiety is a ...common accompanying symptom in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
To investigate interventions available for the management of anxietyin children with ASD internationally.
Review was made of relevant studies found through PubMed, the National Institute of Health (NIH) publications and resources in the libraries of the University of Macedoniaand the Greek NationalResearch Foundation.
Of the 372 studies retrieved dealing withinterventionsfor children with ASD who have anxiety disorders published from the 1980s to 2017, 137 were included in this review.Interventions includepharmacological intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT),socialrecreational (SR)programs,other psychosocial therapies, teaching social skillsand combinations of educational, psychological and medical treatment.
Various methods for coping with anxiety in children with ASD have been applied, including pharmacotherapy, psychosocial andCBT interventions, parent education and school-based programs. A combination of approachesshould be selected, based onassessment of each child's particular characteristics.
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