Transparent thin films of Al-doped ZnO (AZO), Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) and codoped Al + Ga ZnO (AGZO) were deposited on soda-lime glass by RF magnetron sputtering. The influence of aluminum and gallium ...concentrations in zinc oxide (ZnO) films on structural and optical properties of thin films were studied. XRD results shown that the obtained films were with a hexagonal wurtzite structure and preferentially oriented perpendicular to the substrate surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) evidenced that the type of doping modifies the microstructure of thin films. Raman spectroscopy was used to study structural properties of complex oxides at a local level. Optical transmission measurements show a small decrease of transparency films when the dopant content increases. The shift of the optical band gap of AZO films with increasing Al and Ga content suggest the enhancement of carrier concentration.
•Effect of Ga doped and (Al + Ga) co-doped on ZnO thin films.•The structural, morphological, vibrational and optical properties.•The morphology was evaluated using AFM method.•The small decrease of Eg for AGZO thin films.
The Cancer Within examines cervical cancer in Romania as a
point of entry into an anthropological reflection on contemporary
health care. Cervical cancer prevention reveals the inner workings
of ...emerging post-communist medicine, which aligns the state and the
market, public and private health care providers, policy makers,
and ordinary women. Fashioned by patriarchal relations, lived
religion, and the historical trauma of pronatalism, Romanian
women's responses to reproductive medicine and cervical cancer
prevention are complicated by neoliberal reforms to medical care.
Cervical cancer prevention - and especially the HPV vaccination -
provided Romanians a legitimate instance to express their
conflicting views of post-communist medicine. What sets Romania
apart is that pronatalism, patriarchy, lived religion, medical
reforms, and moral contestation of preventive medicine bring into
line systemic contingencies that expose the historical, social, and
cultural trajectories of cervical cancer.
In recent times, the security of sensor networks, especially in the field of IoT, has become a priority. This article focuses on the security features of the Zigbee protocol in Xbee devices developed ...by Digi International, specifically in the Xbee 3 (XB3-24) devices. Using the TI LaunchXL-CC26X2R1 kit, we intercepted and analyzed packets in real-time using the Wireshark application. The study encompasses various stages of network formation, packet transmission and analysis of security key usage, considering scenarios as follows: without security, distributed security mode and centralized security mode. Our findings highlight the differences in security features of Xbee devices compared to the Zigbee protocol, validating and invalidating methods of establishing security keys, vulnerabilities, strengths, and recommended security measures. We also discovered that security features of the Xbee 3 devices are built around a global link key preconfigured therefore constituting a vulnerability, making those devices suitable for man-in-the-middle and reply attacks. This work not only elucidates the complexities of Zigbee security in Xbee devices but also provides direction for future research for authentication methods using asymmetric encryption algorithms such as digital signature based on RSA and ECDSA.
This article locates the symbolic construction of “corrupted purity”—as a key assertion in Romanian parents’ HPV vaccination refusal narratives—within a multiplicity of entangled rumors concerning ...reproduction and the state. Romania's unsuccessful HPV vaccination campaign is not unique. However, the shifting discourses around purity and corruption—through which some parents conveyed anxieties about their daughters being targeted for the vaccine—place a particular twist on the Romanian case of resisting the HPV vaccination. Parental discourses took the form of clusters of rumors about state medicine's failure to provide adequate reproductive health care, additive‐laden foods, and exposure to radioactive contamination. In these rumors, corruption becomes literally embodied, through ingestion, consumption, contact, or inoculation. Parental discourses about what is being injected into their daughters’ pristine bodies express their uncertainty around navigating the unsettled post‐socialist medical landscape.
•External subroutine for the GOTHIC code Critical Heat Flux heat transfer.•Subroutine qualification for In-Vessel-Retention Critical Heat Flux.•Atucha-1 NPP containment safety analysis for IVR, for ...two scenarios, LBLOCA and SBO.
GOTHIC is an integrated, general purpose thermal hydraulic software package for design, licensing, safety and operating analysis of Nuclear Power Plant containments, confinement buildings and system components. It bridges the gap between the lumped parameter codes frequently used for containment analysis (such as MELCOR, MAAP, COCOSYS, ASTEC codes) and Computational Fluid Dynamics codes. Within a single model, GOTHIC can include regions treated in conventional lumped parameter mode and regions with three-dimensional flows in complex geometries. The heat transfer correlations built into GOTHIC cover the portion of the boiling curve which spans single phase heat transfer up to pre-Critical Heat Flux (CHF) heat transfer. The implemented boiling curve is truncated to exclude post-CHF heat transfer as it has not been adequately verified and was considered by the developers to have little application in general containment analysis. As such, one area that the code is not currently qualified for is post-CHF heat transfer, which could occur for example in the case of In-Vessel Corium Retention, where cooling water enters in contact with the high temperature of the Reactor Pressure Vessel wall. The presented research focuses on creating an external subroutine that solves this limitation, enabling the GOTHIC code to account for CHF phenomena. The modeling of CHF would be very useful in order to enable the code to simulate the external Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) Cooling , as well as other types of severe accidents or analyses where post-CHF simulation is required. Several subroutine function switches were implemented in order to facilitate its usage for different types of heat structures and correlations. The subroutine determines the CHF values based on either: the 2006 Groeneveld Look-up Tables, Lookup Tables for Large Diameter Vertical Tubes, Look-up Tables for Large Diameter Horizontal Tubes, or the correlation used by the MELCOR code for critical heat flux situations. It shall be noted that the developed subroutine and its implementation were performed without the need to have access to the GOTHIC source code. In a previous paper, the GOTHIC code was used to perform a containment safety analysis for the Atucha-I NPP (CNA-I) for an in-vessel retention type of analysis. Highly conservative vapour generating boundary conditions were used in order to simulate the boiling between the cavity water and the RPV surface, and to bypass the GOTHIC limitation. The newly developed subroutine was used for the analysis of two postulated Atucha-I in-vessel retention scenarios, a Large Break Loss Of Coolant Accident (LBLOCA) and a Station Black-Out (SBO), with the simulation of heat transfer between RPV and cavity water. Specifically for in-vessel retention situations, a separate user selectable option for the subroutine was developed, in which the Critical Heat Flux is determined based on experiments performed at the ULPU facility from the University of California, Santa Barbara, USA, which were combined with the 2006 Groeneveld Look-up Tables primarily in order to have a pressure dependence. This was performed because for the Atucha-I analysis, the pressure was higher than in the ULPU facility.
•We used two pelletization pressures to study the Bi-2223 electrical properties.•The samples have composition consisting of mainly 2223 phase and minor 2212 phase.•It was observed from SEM that some ...grains are elongated and closely intermixed.•The increase of pelletization pressure reduces porosity and improves grain couplings.•The decrease of weak links resistivity with increasing axial pressure.
Bulk samples with nominal composition (Bi1.6Pb0.4)(Sr1.8Ba0,2)Ca2Cu3Oy were obtained by the conventional solid-state reaction. Before the sintering process, the powder was compacted at different pelletization pressures. The phase purity and structural parameters of samples were obtained by using XRD measurements. Electrical resistivity vs. temperature measurements have been used to investigate the effect of sintering temperature and uniaxial pressure on the weak link behavior of Bi:2223 polycrystalline samples. The parameters obtained from resistivity data depend on the used pressures to compact the powder, and the value of sintering temperature.
Ga-doped ZnO and (Ga + Al) co-doped ZnO thin films were deposited on glass substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering for three distances d between a substrate-target. The influence of the ...distance between substrate-target upon structure, microstructure, vibrational properties, and optical band gap of the thin films was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, and optical transmission measurements. The diffraction patterns revealed that the ZnO film crystallites are preferentially oriented with the (002) planes parallel to the substrate surface. AFM images show a smooth and uniform surface as well as a high compact structure. The Raman results reveal that the co-doping with Al + Ga introduces 2B
1
(low) band and leads to the increase of intensity for longitudinal-optic's band. In the visible region, the average value of the transmittance was above 80%.
Speaking of the biggest innovations for the manufacturing industry of the day, we are talking about intelligent production systems with "self-aware", "self-contemplative and" self-sustaining ..."capabilities. Building such an intelligent system that is adapted and predictable provides the aforementioned capabilities in production, processes and machines. The intelligent system is able to combine various technologies and techniques for mixing statistical data, data, and artificial intelligence methods. Cigarette production is selected because it is highly serial. In such production, the use of expert systems in quality management in this area is not sufficiently developed, and with direct management, it generates great savings. Mistakes and errors are inversely proportional to productivity. This paper deals with the application of an intelligent system that uses the key principle of lean production. We need to build an adaptive system for predictive error and reduce the machine's failure time in the cigarette industry.
In this work, fully bio-based thermoplastic composites are manufactured with bio-based polyethylene (from sugarcane) and short fibers coming from Cortaderia selloana (CS) wastes. These wastes are ...characterized by high cellulose content, which can provide high stiffness to the polymeric matrix. The effect of Cortaderia selloana short fibers on thermal properties has been evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of the filler load on mechanical properties has also been evaluated by tensile and impact tests as well as the effects of different coupling agents. Fiber-matrix interactions have been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of 15–30 wt% Cortaderia selloana short fiber leads to high elastic and flexural modulus without remarkable changes in thermal degradation of the polymer composite.
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