From the point of view of prevention, it is convenient to explore the association between eating behavior and the obese phenotype during school and adolescent age. The aim of the present study was to ...identify eating behavior patterns associated with nutritional status in Spanish schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study of 283 boys and girls (aged 6 to 16 years) was carried out. The sample was evaluated anthropometrically by Body Mass Index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body fat percentage (%BF). Eating behavior was analyzed using the CEBQ "Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire". The subscales of the CEBQ were significantly associated with BMI, WHtR and %BF. Pro-intake subscales (enjoyment of food, food responsiveness, emotional overeating, desire for drinks) were positively related to excess weight by BMI (β = 0.812 to 0.869;
0.002 to <0.001), abdominal obesity (β = 0.543-0.640;
= 0.02 to <0.009) and high adiposity (β = 0.508 to 0.595;
= 0.037 to 0.01). Anti-intake subscales (satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating, food fussiness) were negatively related to BMI (β = -0.661 to -0.719;
= 0.009 to 0.006) and % BF (β = -0.17 to -0.46;
= 0.042 to
= 0.016).
Objectives. During puberty, important somatic changes that alter body composition take place. In girls, the production of ovarian estrogen generates an important metabolic change. The objective of ...the present paper is to analyze the differences in body composition among pre and post-menarche girls of the same chronological age, studying the variations with different methodologies. Material and methods. The representative sample was composed of 249 schoolgirls, aged 12-13 years, who studied in "Tres Cantos" (Madrid). Two groups were formed with and without menarche (160 and 89). Body composition has been analyzed, using different methodologies: anthropometry and tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance. Population belongs to middle and upper middle class and there are no differences attributable to socio-economic situation. Results. The analysis shows significant differences in weight and height between pre or post-menarche girls, 41.2 ± 4.6 Kg versus 52.0 ± 6.6 Kg and 154.7 ± 6.4 cm versus 161.7 ± 5.4. According to Cole classification, both groups show a normal level of BMI, but the BMI of menarche girls was 19.89 ± 2.0 while that of no menarche girls was 17.21 ± 1.9. Body composition shows dramatically differences, the fat percentage was 13.8 ± 2.7 and 22.6 ± 5.9 in pre and post-menarche girls, with a decline of body water at the same age, water percentage being 64.7 ± 3.0 in pre-menarche subjects versus 57.7 ± 4.4 in those with menarche. Conclusions. The use of biological instead of chronological age is more useful in morphological studies and classifications among the pubertal stage population. The present study shows good correlation between the anthropometric method and bioimpedance to determine fat body composition.
Introduction: eating behaviors may modulate or influence diet quality and the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet in children and adolescents. Aims: to investigate the association between ...diet quality and eating behavior in a group of Spanish schoolchildren. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study of 283 Spain schoolchildren aged six to 16. Each subject was assessed using the KIDMED questionnaire for adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) questionnaire to assess eating behavior. Results: of the sample, 12.80 % had low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, 59.80 % had poor adherence, 59.80 % could be improved, and 27.40 % had high adherence. When relating eating behavior to dietary quality, it was found that, generally, schoolchildren with greater enjoyment of food and less demand for food have double the adherence to the Mediterranean diet due to almost twice the consumption of vegetables, nuts, and fish, and a lower intake of low-quality processed foods (sweets). The response to satiety and the speed of ingestion also played an important role in food choices. Conclusions: eating behaviors may play an essential role in the quality of school children's diets highlighting the enjoyment and acceptance or rejection of food. Given the bidirectional nature of the effects between eating behaviors and diet quality, the joint analysis may be the basis for future research with the aim of a better nutritional approach from the earliest ages.
Desarrollo: La evaluación se hizo a partir de medidas antropométricas: 1) longitudes, anchuras y peso; 2) pliegues de grasa subcutánea y perímetros corporales, siguiendo la normativa IBP (Weiner y ...Lourie, 1981).Los percentiles de las variables antropométricas se han calculado mediante el método LMS, aplicándose para comparaciones entre sexos, grupos de edad y regionales, pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas.En lo que respecta a los patrones de crecimiento y desarrollo biológico, la población del primer ciclo de educación básica del país se ubica por debajo de los estándares internacionales a partir de los 10-11 años de edad, coincidiendo con el inicio puberal (Figura 1).
ASSESSMENT OF SOMATIC MATURATION OF VENEZUELAN ADOLESCENTS Méndez Pérez, Betty; Marrodán Serrano, María Dolores; Prado Martínez, Consuelo ...
Nutrición hospitalaria : organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral,
11/2015, Volume:
32, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Open access
beginning of adolescence comprises important physical modifications, which affects growth and changes in body composition, therefore it is important to consider maturation assessment.
to develop a ...non-invasive method to assess maturity status in Venezuelan adolescents from peak height velocity (PHV) by means of anthropometric variables in a cross-sectional sample.
data comprised 681 Venezuelan adolescents 9 up to 18 years of age. Mirwald equation was applied to derived PHV. Regression analysis was used in order to build a model for Venezuelan sample as well as, ROC curves to assess sensitivity and specificity of anthropometric variables.
the predictive equations for both sexes, exhibited a high determination coefficient (< 0.99) and a minimal estimation error (0.06). Mean decimal age at categories of PHV obtained by both equations: criterion and model, were very similar (13.27 vs. 13.39) for boys, and (11.62 vs. 11.77) for girls. Bland-Altman plot showed a tight concordance between the two equations and all anthropometric indices, exhibited high area under the curve > 0.75, specially sitting height.
in Venezuela, there is little work based on longitudinal studies of the maturation status. Giving the difficult faced in the longitudinal studies recent works have been used cross-sectional methodology in the assessment of the somatic maturation, both in non athletic and athletic populations. This study provides predicting equations for the assessment of the somatic maturation adjusted to Venezuelan population developed from Mirwald equation, which may be used to aid in evaluation of nutritional and general health, as well as, a reduction of risks associated with miss-classification for chronological age.
Introduction: Low weight and obesity are risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women; however, the influence of its change on a therapeutic response to biophosphonates for the prevention of ...fractures has not been defined yet. Objective:To describe the association between the body mass index (BMI) and bone mass in postmenopausal women, as well as to identify changes in weight and BMI during the treatment with biophosphonates. Material and methods: Weight, height, and BMI was determined in 296 women who came consecutively to the Climateric and Osteoporosis Clinic (ClimOS) in Havana from 2009 to 2014 (n=103), and to the Department of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Jiménez Díaz Foundation, Madrid (n=193); also, bone mineral density in lumbar spine and hip was measured by DXA. The influence of initial body weight and its temporal variation with the use of biophosphonates (BPS) was evaluated in 80 of them. Statistical analysis: standard statistical average for qualitative variables, frequencies for the qualitative variables, Student´s t-Tests, and X2 test for differences among them. Pearson´s correlation to specify the influence of the initial weight and BMI, and their differences in the response to biophosphonates. Besides, p<0,05 value was used for statistical significance. Results: Low weight was identified 4/296; more than half of them were overweight or obese. Women who were evaluated in ClimOs, presented a worse bone status on the hip. Neither association of body weight nor BMI was found on the response to treatment with (BPS). Conclusions: The influence of body weight on a new fracture was controversial; it is suggested to include ponderal variation as part of the treatment for osteoporosis.Keywords: menopause, osteoporosis, body mass index, biophosphonates, body composition.
Introducción: En mujeres postmenopáusicas el bajo peso y la obesidad son factores de riesgo para la Osteoporosis; sin embargo, está por definir la influencia de su cambio en la respuesta terapéutica con bisfosfonatos para la prevención de la fractura.Objetivo: Describir asociación entre índice de masa corporal (IMC) y masa ósea en mujeres en post menopausia, así como identificar las variaciones en peso e IMC durante el tratamiento con bisfosfonatos. Material y Métodos: En 296 mujeres quienes entre 2009-2014 concurrieron consecutivamente a la Clínica de Climaterio y Osteoporosis (ClimOS) La Habana (n=103), y al Departamento de Enfermedades Metabólicas Óseas de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid (n=193) se determinó peso, talla, IMC, y mediante DXA la densidad mineral ósea en columna lumbar y cadera. En 80 de ellas se evaluó la influencia del peso corporal inicial y su variación temporal durante el uso de bisfosfonatos. Análisis estadístico: Promedio y desviación estándar para variables cuantitativas, frecuencias para las variables cualitativas y las Pruebas T Students y X2 para diferencias entre ellas. Correlación de Pearson para precisar influencia del peso inicial y el IMC y su diferencia en la respuesta a los bisfosfonatos. Se utilizó valor p<0,05 para la significación estadística. Resultados: Bajo peso se identificó 4/296, más de la mitad presentaron sobrepeso/obesidad. Las mujeres evaluadas en la ClimOs presentaron peor estatus óseo en cadera. No se encontró asociación del peso corporal ni del IMC sobre la respuesta al tratamiento con BPS. Conclusiones: La influencia del peso corporal sobre una nueva fractura fue controversial, se sugiere incluir la variación ponderal como parte del tratamiento para la osteoporosis.Palabras claves: Menopausia, osteoporosis, índice de masa corporal, bisfosfonatos, composición corporal.
La esperanza de vida ha aumentado considerablemente en las últimas décadas y con ella la demanda de conocimiento sobre el proceso de envejecimiento. Cuba muestra indicadores demográficos similares al ...mundo desarrollado con una esperanza de vida al nacer en mujeres de 80,02 y en hombres de 76 y un grado de envejecimiento de su población al cierre del 2010 de 17,8 %. De esta situación emerge otro aspecto: la supervivencia excepcional, pues cada vez va siendo más frecuente las personas que llegan a la centuria de vida. Los centenarios cubanos alcanzaban los 1 488 a finales del 2007. Esta investigación forma parte del proyecto Centenarios en Cuba dirigida por el Ministerio de Salud Pública, cuyo objetivos es caracterizar la población de ancianos centenarios desde el punto de vista somatofisiológico y nutricional, y a partir de ellos determinar el comportamiento de indicadores antropométricos y nutricionales, así como se pretende identificar determinantes biológicos y socioculturales responsables de las diferencias del comportamiento entre la longevidad de hombres y mujeres.
La Antártica puede ser definida como el desierto más grande de la Tierra. Con un territorio caracterizado por ser vasto y vacío, neutral y homogéneamente extendido, como también de condiciones ...climáticas que dificultan la presencia de vida, tanto vegetal como animal, el paisaje antártico es un escenario extremadamente hostil para la habitabilidad del ser humano. (Fox, 2007) A medida que se avanza hacia latitudes más australes, la sensación de confinamiento y las condiciones climáticas se intensifican, convirtiéndose el extremo sur del continente en el lugar más inhóspito del territorio.En este contexto, la arquitectura responde a las características climáticas y territoriales con estructuras compactas y autónomas, generándose un potencial conflicto entre envolvente y programa. Por un lado, frente al frío extremo, se busca disminuir la superficie en contacto con el exterior; y por otro, debido al confinamiento territorial, surge la necesidad de aumentar la cantidad de instalaciones y funciones, dando como resultado una atmósfera interior caracterizada por la yuxtaposición espacial y programática. (Fig.2) Esta condición es transversal e inherente a la forma de habitar en Antártica; sin embargo, la manera en que se manifiesta ha mutado fuertemente desde las expediciones heroicas al día de hoy, pasando de espacios altamente compactos y multifuncionales, a nuevos estándares que se acercan a lo convencional y lo genérico, lo que implica mayores esfuerzos en traslado, ensamble y operación.Teniendo presente la constante inquietud por realizar expediciones hacia el centro del continente, esta tesis estudia las posibilidades de diseño para una nueva base compacta y autónoma en el extremo sur de la Antártica, que retomando el principio de yuxtaposición presente al interior de los refugios heroicos, construya relaciones espaciales asociadas a una nueva lectura sobre la forma de habitar y configure un paisaje interior favorable en contraposición al vasto desierto exterior.
Introduction
Waist circumference (WC) constitutes an indirect measurement of central obesity in children and adolescents.
Objective
To provide percentiles of WC for Hispanic‐American children and ...adolescents, and compare them with other international references.
Materials and methods
The sample comprised 13 289 healthy children between 6 and 18 years coming from public schools of middle and low socioeconomic levels in different parts of Argentina, Cuba, Spain, Mexico, and Venezuela. The LMS method to calculate WC percentiles was applied. Sex and age differences were assessed using Student's t test and ANOVA (SPSS v.21.0). Comparisons were established with references from the United States, Colombia, India, China, Australia, Kuwait, Germany, Tunisia, Greece, and Portugal.
Results
WC increases with age in both sexes. Boys show higher WC in P3, P50, and P97. Comparison of 50th and 90th percentiles among populations from diverse sociocultural and geographical contexts shows high variability, not all justified by the measurement method.
Discussion and conclusions
Specific WC percentiles for sex and age, and P90 cut‐off points are provided; these values are potentially useful to assess central obesity in Hispanic‐American adolescent children.
Objectives. During puberty, important somatic changes that alter body composition take place. In girls, the production of ovarian estrogen generates an important metabolic change. The objective of ...the present paper is to analyze the differences in body composition among pre and post-menarche girls of the same chronological age, studying the variations with different methodologies.Material and methods. The representative sample was composed of 249 schoolgirls, aged 12-13 years, who studied in "Tres Cantos" (Madrid). Two groups were formed with and without menarche (160 and 89). Body composition has been analyzed, using different methodologies: anthropometry and tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance. Population belongs to middle and upper middle class and there are no differences attributable to socio-economic situation. Results. The analysis shows significant differences in weight and height between pre or post-menarche girls, 41.2 ± 4.6 Kg versus 52.0 ± 6.6 Kg and 154.7 ± 6.4 cm versus 161.7 ± 5.4. According to Cole classification, both groups show a normal level of BMI, but the BMI of menarche girls was 19.89 ± 2.0 while that of no menarche girls was 17.21 ± 1.9. Body composition shows dramatically differences, the fat percentage was 13.8 ± 2.7 and 22.6 ± 5.9 in pre and post-menarche girls, with a decline of body water at the same age, water percentage being 64.7 ± 3.0 in pre-menarche subjects versus 57.7 ± 4.4 in those with menarche. Conclusions. The use of biological instead of chronological age is more useful in morphological studies and classifications among the pubertal stage population. The present study shows good correlation between the anthropometric method and bioimpedance to determine fat body composition.
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