Abstract
Background
The chronic and progressive evolution of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), with its prototypical fluctuating trend, creates a condition of psycho-social discomfort, impacting the ...quality of life in terms of personal, working, and interpersonal.
Aims
In this article, we want to identify the nature and extent of the research evidence on the life experiences, the perceived engagement, the psychological, social care and welfare needs of people affected by IBD across the lifecycle.
Methods
Following the approach set out by Arksey and O’Malley and the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, we conducted a scoping review in March 2019 and closed the review with an update in October 2019. It was performed using electronic databases covering Health and Life Sciences, Social Sciences and Medical Sciences, such as PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, PsycInfo.
Results
We identified 95 peer-reviewed articles published from 2009 to 2019, that allowed to detection the main needs in children (psychological, need to be accepted, physical activity, feeding, parent style, support, social needs), adolescents (to understand, physical and psychological needs, protection, relational, gratitude, respect, and engagement) and adults (information, medical, psychological, social, work-related, practical, future-related, engagement). Although the literature confirms that the majority of the IBD units have planned provision for the different types of transitions, the quality and appropriateness of these services have not been assessed or audited for all the kinds of challenges across the life cycle.
Conclusions
The literature shows the relevance of organizing a flexible, personalized health care process across all the critical phases of the life cycle, providing adequate benchmarks for comparison in a multidisciplinary perspective and ensuring continuity between hospital and territory.
We present the performances of a 330 g zinc molybdate (ZnMoO
4
) crystal working as scintillating bolometer as a possible candidate for a next generation experiment to search for neutrinoless double ...beta decay of
100
Mo. The energy resolution, evaluated at the 2615 keV
γ
-line of
208
Tl, is 6.3 keV FWHM. The internal radioactive contaminations of the ZnMoO
4
were evaluated as <6 μBq/kg (
228
Th) and 27±6 μBq/kg (
226
Ra). We also present the results of the
α
vs
β
/
γ
discrimination, obtained through the scintillation light as well as through the study of the shape of the thermal signal alone.
In low background experiments the reduction of all possible radioactive contaminants is a crucial point for detector construction. This is also true for the surface contaminants, either those ...introduced during the production of detector components or those introduced during handling, treatment or storage. One of the most critical issue in this field is the control of the contamination induced by
222
Rn and its progenies in the environment where the detectors are assembled and stored. Radioactive atoms can stick on detector components and create a net increase of the contaminants present on their surfaces, introducing an additional—often not negligible—source of background. The reduction of this kind of contaminations can become of primary importance in the case of fully sensitive devices, like cryogenic particle detectors. In this paper the analysis on the Rn sticking factor for copper and tellurium dioxide—the two main materials used for the construction of the CUORE detector—is discussed. The diffusion of radioactive atoms inside the detector components is considered in order to evaluate the effective contribution of Rn exposure to the background counting rate of an experiment.
In the framework of rare event searches, the identification of radioactive contaminants in ultra-pure samples is a challenging task, because the signal is often at the same level of the instrumental ...background. This is a rather common situation for
α
-spectrometers and other detectors used for low-activity measurements. In order to obtain the target sensitivity without extending the data taking live-time, analysis strategies that highlight the presence of the signal sought should be developed. In this paper, we show how to improve the contaminant tagging capability relying on the time-correlation of radioactive decay sequences. We validate the proposed technique by measuring the impurity level of both contaminated and ultra-pure copper samples, demonstrating the potential of this analysis tool in disentangling different background sources and providing an effective way to mitigate their impact in rare event searches.
Searches for new physics in the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering require a precise knowledge of the neutrino flux and energy spectrum. In this paper we investigate the feasibility and the ...performance of an experiment based on a Formula omittedCr source, whose neutrino spectrum is known and whose activity can be heat-monitored at few permil level. With a 5 MCi source placed at Formula omitted cm from the detector, under an exposure of two Formula omittedCr half-lives (55.4 days), we evaluate 3900 (900) counts on a 2000 cm Formula omitted target of germanium (sapphire) featuring an energy threshold of 8 (20) eV. To further increase the exposure, multiple activations of the same source could be possible.
An accurate characterization of the neutron fields at spallation sources is crucial for many applications based on neutron irradiations, such as radiation damage tests that need a precise dose ...estimate. In this work, we present the neutron flux measurements performed with the multi-foil activation technique in the ROTAX and ChipIr beamlines of the ISIS spallation source, characterized by moderated and unmoderated spectra, respectively. We selected many different activation reactions to cover a wide energy range, from thermal to very fast neutrons up to about 100 MeV. By applying a Bayesian unfolding algorithm, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique in measuring the neutron flux intensity and energy spectrum with precision and accuracy.
The CUPID-0 experiment searches for double beta decay using cryogenic calorimeters with double (heat and light) read-out. The detector, consisting of 24 ZnSe crystals 95 Formula omitted enriched in ...Formula omittedSe and two natural ZnSe crystals, started data-taking in 2017 at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. We present the search for the neutrino-less double beta decay of Formula omittedSe into the 0 Formula omitted, 2 Formula omitted and 2 Formula omitted excited states of Formula omittedKr with an exposure of 5.74 kg Formula omittedyr (2.24 Formula omitted10 Formula omitted emitters Formula omittedyr). We found no evidence of the decays and set the most stringent limits on the widths of these processes: Formula omitted( Formula omittedSe Formula omittedKr Formula omitted)8.55 Formula omitted10 Formula omitted yr Formula omitted, Formula omitted ( Formula omitted Se Formula omitted Kr Formula omitted) Formula omitted yr Formula omitted, Formula omitted( Formula omittedSe Formula omittedKr Formula omitted)8.25 Formula omitted10 Formula omitted yr Formula omitted (90 Formula omitted credible interval).
The LUCIFER project aims at deploying the first array of enriched scintillating bolometers for the investigation of neutrinoless double-beta decay of Formula: see textSe. The matrix which embeds the ...source is an array of ZnSe crystals, where enriched Formula: see textSe is used as decay isotope. The radiopurity of the initial components employed for manufacturing crystals, that can be operated as bolometers, is crucial for achieving a null background level in the region of interest for double-beta decay investigations. In this work, we evaluated the radioactive content in 2.5 kg of 96.3 % enriched Formula: see textSe metal, measured with a high-purity germanium detector at the Gran Sasso deep underground laboratory. The limits on internal contaminations of primordial decay chain elements of Formula: see textTh, Formula: see textU and Formula: see textU are respectively: Formula: see text61, Formula: see text110 and Formula: see text74 Formula: see textBq/kg at 90 % C.L. The extremely low-background conditions in which the measurement was carried out and the high radiopurity of the Formula: see textSe allowed us to establish the most stringent lower limits on the half-lives of the double-beta decay of Formula: see textSe to 0Formula: see text, 2Formula: see text and 2Formula: see text excited states of Formula: see textKr of 3.4Formula: see text10Formula: see text, 1.3Formula: see text10Formula: see text and 1.0Formula: see text10Formula: see text y, respectively, with a 90 % C.L.
Localization and modeling of radioactive contaminations is a challenge that ultra-low background experiments are constantly facing. These are fundamental steps both to extract scientific results and ...to further reduce the background of the detectors. Here we present an innovative technique based on the analysis of
α
-
α
delayed coincidences in
232
Th and
238
U decay chains, developed to investigate the contaminations of the ZnSe crystals in the CUPID-0 experiment. This method allows to disentangle surface and bulk contaminations of the detectors relying on the different probability to tag delayed coincidences as function of the
α
decay position.
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