Structural features of the Ge(Ga) single crystal grown by the floating zone (FZ) method in microgravity environment aboard the FOTON-9 spacecraft are investigated by methods of X-ray topography, ...double-crystal diffractometry, selective chemical etching and spreading resistance measurements. It is established that the crystal structure is characterized by the presence of an incompletely melted region and defects caused by its formation. Growth striations revealed in regrown part of the crystal, testify to development of non-stationary capillary Marangoni convection in melt at the realized parameters of FZ remelting under space conditions. Periodicity of the growth striations is compared to frequency characteristics of heat flux pulsations through the crystallization front, found as a result of numerical simulation of melt hydrodynamics.
To increase the effectiveness of treatment of colorectal cancer followed by metastatic liver lesion.
This study included 319 patients with colorectal cancer and metastatic liver lesion Gennari grade ...I, II, and III for the period from 2002 to 2017. All patients received combined treatment. 107 patients underwent liver resections: right-sided hemihepatectomy - 10, advanced right-sided hemihepatectomy - 7, left-sided hemihepatectomy - 9, triple segmentectomy - 33, bisegmentectomy - 29, segmentectomy - 19 cases. Radiofrequency ablation of liver metastases was performed in 105 patients. Cool tip device with a power of 200 W was used for destruction. Fifty-seven patients underwent microwave destruction of liver tumor (AveCure MWG 881, 34 W). Transarterial chemoembolization by doxorubicin and HepaSpheres 150-250 ng was applied in 34 patients.
Annual, 2-, 3- and 5-year survival was 83.1%, 73.5%, 60.2% and 24.6%, respectively after liver resection. RFA of liver metastases was followed by annual, 2- and 3-year survival near 73.5%, 53.3% and 32.1%, respectively. In case of MWA of liver metastases annual survival was 78.5%, 2-year - 63.3%, 3-year - 58.3%.
Chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy, radiofrequency and microwave ablation is able to increase resectability up to 35-40% in patients with colorectal cancer followed by liver metastases. Minimally invasive procedures (RFA, MWA) reduce surgical risk in critically ill patients.
The muon system of the Run II DØ detector Abazov, V.M.; Alkhazov, G.; Baldin, B. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
11/2005, Volume:
552, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
We describe the design, construction, and performance of the upgraded DØ
muon system for Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. Significant improvements have been made to the major subsystems of ...the DØ
muon detector: trigger scintillation counters, tracking detectors, and electronics. The Run II central muon detector has a new scintillation counter system inside the iron toroid and an improved scintillation counter system outside the iron toroid. In the forward region, new scintillation counter and tracking systems have been installed. Extensive shielding has been added in the forward region. A large fraction of the muon system electronics is also new.
A system for hidden data transmission based on a delayed-feedback generator with switching of chaotic modes was designed and constructed. It was demonstrated that this system was highly resistant to ...noises and amplitude distortions of the signal in the communication channel.
We report on the detection of high-energy γ -ray emission from theMoon during the first 24 months of observations by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). This emission comes from particle cascades ...produced by cosmicray (CR) nuclei and electrons interacting with the lunar surface. The differential spectrum of the Moon is soft and can be described as a log-parabolic function with an effective cutoff at 2-3 GeV, while the average integral flux measured with the LAT from the beginning of observations in 2008 August to the end of 2010 August is F(>100 MeV) = (1.04 ± 0.01 statistical error ± 0.1 systematic error) × 10−6 cm−2 s−1. This flux is about a factor 2-3 higher than that observed between 1991 and 1994 by the EGRET experiment on board the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, F(>100 MeV)≈5×10−7 cm−2 s−1, when solar activity was relatively high. The higher γ -ray flux measured by Fermi is consistent with the deep solar minimum conditions during the first 24 months of the mission, which reduced effects of heliospheric modulation, and thus increased the heliospheric flux of Galactic CRs. A detailed comparison of the light curve with McMurdo Neutron Monitor rates suggests a correlation of the trends. The Moon and the Sun are so far the only known bright emitters of γ -rays with fast celestial motion. Their paths across the sky are projected onto the Galactic center and high Galactic latitudes as well as onto other areas crowded with high-energy γ -ray sources. Analysis of the lunar and solar emission may thus be important for studies of weak and transient sources near the ecliptic.
Организм человека по своей сути является открытой, нелинейной, перманентно и динамически развивающейся биологической системой с соответствующими иерархическими уровнями организации. В настоящее время ...доминирующее место в комплексах лечебно-профилактических мероприятий занимает фармакотерапия. Вследствие этого клиническим докторам необходимо иметь представления об атомно-молекулярном иерархическом уровне структурно-функциональной организации организма человека, на котором и реализуется механизм воздействия на него фармакологических средств. Теория функциональных универсальных блоков даёт понимание и представление: 1) принципов, лежащих в основе структурно-функциональной организации клеток организма человека, реализующих его физиологические функции; 2) системной структурно-функциональной организации организма человека на молекулярном, субклеточном и клеточном уровнях иерархического его строения; 3) основы реализации процессов физиологических функций организма человека на клеточном уровне иерархической его организации; 4) причин, механизмов и процессов формирования заболевания организма человека на субклеточном и клеточном уровнях иерархической структурно-функциональной его организации; 5) системной манифестации определённых нозологических форм и многофокальных эффектов фармакологических препаратов; 6) определения объективного пути решения клинических проблем.
Raman spectroscopy has been applied for the rapid and nondestructive monitoring of the interlayer structure of sodium montmorillonite (MMT) clay modified by ditetradecyl dimethyl ammonium (DDA+) ...bromide. This work demonstrates that a detailed analysis of Raman spectra in the fingerprint region (600−1600 cm−1), in combination with model simulation, allows one to distinguish different conformational states of DDA+ in the interlayer space of the modified clay, namely, a liquidlike state but rich in trans conformers, disordered conformational states, and a crystallike conformation appearing at increasing modifier content. These conformations differ in the angle between their alkyl chains, the relative content of trans and gauche conformers and the relative length of trans segments. The shape and width of the Raman band at 1300 cm−1 and the peak intensity ratio I 1088/I 1064 can be used for a qualitative analysis of the ratio of gauche/trans conformers. The integral intensity ratios I*1064/I*1300 and I*1300/I*705 help to determine the proportion of trans conformers and the content of the modifier in the clay, respectively, thereof providing quantitative characterization of the modified clay (conformational reorganization and modifier content). Noteworthy, the transition from a liquidlike to crystal-like conformation is further supported by the splitting of the symmetric C−C stretching Raman band of the trans segments within the alkyl chains at 1133 cm−1 (liquidlike conformation) into two modes at 1124 and 1135 cm−1 corresponding to two parallel trans chains of nonequivalent lengths (crystal-like conformation).
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