The relationship between obesity in children and adolescents and the risk of ovarian cancer remains controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the exact shape of this relationship.
...We conducted dose‒response meta-analyses of cohort and case‒control studies, including published studies derived from searches in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases until October 2022. Pooled effect size estimates are expressed as relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and were evaluated by fixed-effect models. A nonlinear dose‒response meta-analysis was performed by using a restricted cubic spline model.
After screening 4215 publications, 10 studies were included in the present meta-analysis. Overall analyses revealed statistically significant associations of obesity in children and adolescents with ovarian cancer (adjusted RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.28, P < 0.001). Moreover, the association was consistently significant in most subgroup analyses, for example, using geographic stratification, the results remained stable both in the Americas(RR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.21; P = 0.022) and Europe (RR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.77; P<0.001). For the dose‒response analyses, the risk of ovarian cancer increased with the degree of obesity, and the trend increased rapidly when body mass index (BMI) was over 25.95 kg/m2.
Our findings indicate that obesity in children and adolescents is a risk factor for ovarian cancer, and the risk increases with increasing BMI.
Background:
Uric acid (UA) is proposed as a potential risk factor for stroke in adult, yet the results from published studies are not generally accordant.
Method:
We included prospective studies that ...explored the relationship between serum UA (SUA) and strokes. In this study, strokes include ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, which consists of intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The effect-size estimates were expressed as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the pooled estimation and potential sources of heterogeneity between studies.
Results:
We meta-analyzed 19 prospective cohort articles, which involve 37,386 males and 31,163 females. Overall analyses results showed a significant association between a 1 mg/dl increase in high levels of SUA and the risk of total stroke (HR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.09–1.18;
P
< 0.001), ischemic stroke (HR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.10–1.21;
P
< 0.001), and hemorrhagic stroke (HR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.15;
P
= 0.046). No significant difference was found between ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. In the subgroup analyses, the association of high SUA levels and the risk of total stroke was statistically significant in females (HR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.12–1.26;
P
< 0.001) and males (HR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.05–1.17;
P
< 0.001). Coincidentally, the association was also statistically significant for ischemic stroke, both in females (HR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.17–1.36;
P
< 0.001) and in males (HR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06–1.19;
P
< 0.001). However, for hemorrhagic stroke, it was only statistically significant in females (HR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.04–1.35;
P
= 0.01). Our dose–response research indicated the J-shaped trend between the ascending SUA levels and the higher risk of suffering from a stroke.
Conclusions:
Our findings indicate that elevated SUA is a significant risk factor for adult stroke, both for ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, and especially in females.
Gait disturbance is a manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). The posterolateral thalamus (PL), whose blood is mainly supplied by the P2 segment of posterior cerebral artery (P2-PCA), ...plays pivotal roles in gait regulation. We investigated the influence of the distance between P2-PCA and PL on gait with varying CSVD burden. 71 participants were divided into low and high CSVD burden groups. The distance from P2-PCA to PL was measured using 7 T TOF-MRA and categorized into an immediate or distant PCA-to-thalamus pattern. Functional connectivity (FC) and voxel-based morphometry were assessed to evaluate functional and structural alterations. In the low CSVD burden group, immediate PCA-to-thalamus supply strongly correlates with longer step length and higher wave phase time percent, and exhibited enhanced FCs in left supplementary motor area, right precentral cortex (PreCG.R). While in the high CSVD burden group, no association between PCA-to-thalamus pattern and gait was found, and we observed reduced FC in PreCG.R with immediate PCA-to-thalamus pattern. Higher CSVD burden was associated with decreased gray matter density in bilateral thalamus. However, no significant structural thalamic change was observed between the two types of PCA-to-thalamus patterns in all patients. Our study demonstrated patients with immediate PCA-to-thalamus supply exhibited better gait performance in low CSVD burden populations, which also correlated with enhanced FCs in motor-related cortex, indicating the beneficial effects of the immediate PCA-to-thalamus supply pattern. In the higher burden CSVD populations, the effects of PCA-to-thalamus pattern on gait are void, attributable to the CSVD-related thalamic destruction and impairment of thalamus-related FC.
IntroductionDiabetic foot ulcer (DFU) stands as a severe diabetic lower extremity complication, characterized by high amputation rates, mortality, and economic burden. We propose using Mendelian ...randomization studies to explore shared and distinct risk factors for diabetic lower extremity complications.Research design and methodsWe selected uncorrelated genetic variants associated with 85 phenotypes in five categories at the genome-wide significance level as instrumental variables. Genetic associations with DFU, diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), and diabetic peripheral artery disease (DPAD) were obtained from the FinnGen and UK Biobank studies.ResultsBody mass index (BMI) emerged as the only significant risk factor for DPAD, DPN, and DFU, independent of type 2 diabetes, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HbA1c. Educational attainment stood out as the sole significant protective factor against DPAD, DPN, and DFU. Glycemic traits below the type 2 diabetes diagnosis threshold showed associations with DPAD and DPN. While smoking history exhibited suggestive associations with DFU, indicators of poor nutrition, particularly total protein, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular volume, may also signal potential DFU occurrence.ConclusionsEnhanced glycemic control and foot care are essential for the diabetic population with high BMI, limited education, smoking history, and indicators of poor nutrition. By focusing on these specific risk factors, healthcare interventions can be better tailored to prevent and manage DFU effectively.
The association between abdominal obesity and reflux esophagitis (RE) has been extensively evaluated, but the current findings are mixed and more convincing epidemiological evidence urgently needs to ...be established. To thoroughly explore this relationship, we summarized the latest studies, performed an updated meta-analysis, and examined the dose-response relationship.
We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase up to 28 March 2021, using prespecified terms to identify studies investigating the association between abdominal obesity and RE. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs were taken as effect-size estimates.
Forty-two observational studies, including 11 cohort studies, were meta-analyzed. Overall, a statistically significant association was observed between abdominal obesity and RE, by both the pooled OR (adjusted OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.37-1.66, p < .001) and the pooled SMD (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.30-0.42, p < .001). Moreover, this significant relationship persisted with subgroup stratification. In subgroup analyses, we found that study design, abdominal obesity measurement, adjustment for covariates and sex were possible sources of between-study heterogeneity. For the dose-response analyses, the risk of RE increased with the degree of abdominal obesity, and the increasing trend accelerated when waist circumference (WC) reached 87.0 cm.
This meta-analysis indicated a significant association between abdominal obesity and RE, and the risk of RE increased with abdominal obesity especially when the WC was over 87.0 cm.
Objective The relationship between obesity in children and adolescents and the risk of ovarian cancer remains controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the exact shape of this ...relationship. Methods We conducted dose‒response meta-analyses of cohort and case‒control studies, including published studies derived from searches in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases until October 2022. Pooled effect size estimates are expressed as relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and were evaluated by fixed-effect models. A nonlinear dose‒response meta-analysis was performed by using a restricted cubic spline model. Results After screening 4215 publications, 10 studies were included in the present meta-analysis. Overall analyses revealed statistically significant associations of obesity in children and adolescents with ovarian cancer (adjusted RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.28, P < 0.001). Moreover, the association was consistently significant in most subgroup analyses, for example, using geographic stratification, the results remained stable both in the Americas(RR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.21; P = 0.022) and Europe (RR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.77; P<0.001). For the dose‒response analyses, the risk of ovarian cancer increased with the degree of obesity, and the trend increased rapidly when body mass index (BMI) was over 25.95 kg/m2. Conclusion Our findings indicate that obesity in children and adolescents is a risk factor for ovarian cancer, and the risk increases with increasing BMI.
A visible-light induced direct C(sp3)-H functionalization of alkylarenes with trifluoromethyl ketones has been reported to access valuable benzyl-substituted trifluoromethyl alcohols in a ...stoichiometric manner. Readily available petroleum-derived alkylarenes are employed as latent benzylation reagents. With a bromine radical as the hydrogen atom transfer reagent, primary, secondary, and tertiary benzyl C–H bonds are suitable coupling partners. Additionally, the late-stage modification of bioactive molecules highlights the potential application of this approach.
The external appearance of maize seeds is one of important quality evaluation indicators for maize seeds. For traditional maize seed appearance quality detection, which mainly relies on naked eyes to ...inspect surface defects. Although computer vision as a relative mature way can be used for sample appearance quality inspection, manual feature extraction is still required. Meanwhile, machine learning technology, especially deep learning, has developed rapidly in the last decades. The maize seed surface defect detection coupled with deep learning can effectively replace traditional detection methods, reduce manual intervention, and decrease costs. In this paper, the collection and preprocessing of maize seed images, as well as the surface defects evaluation methods of maize seeds using a deep learning framework YOLOv5 were proposed. Firstly, in terms of image acquisition, maize seed batch surface defect detection system was established to obtain images. Then, the quality of maize seed images was improved by filtering, segmentation, and enhancement, which could significantly reduce noise in the images, separate the targets from the background and replace the background. Finally, ECA-Improved-YOLOv5S-Mobilenet model, which was established to improve the feature learning performance, could extracted the features from the maize seeds image and detect defects quickly at different levels. The experimental results showed that the precision was 92.8%, the recall rate was 98.9%, and the mPA0.5 was 95.5% with 8.8 MB of model size. In general, the proposed maize seeds surface defect detection method combined with deep learning could provide a theoretical support and technical basis for future development of seed grading and plantation.
•A Maize seed surface defect information collection system based on image acquisition was designed.•High-quality image data were collected efficiently and rapidly by this design.•Multiple models were used for the surface defect recognition of maize seeds.•Both lightweight architecture and high accuracy could be ensured by the best ‘ECA-Improved-YOLOv5S-Mobilenet’ model.
The past few years witnessed the rapid development of bottom-up synthesis strategies for preparing various nanostructures (i.e., nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, etc.) with distinct ...morphology-dependent properties. In this study, we reported a facile and efficient synthesis method for preparing anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorings based on multiarm, starlike amphiphilic polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) diblock copolymers as nanoreactors which were prepared via a sequential atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique followed by the conversion of polystyrene-b-poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PS-b-PtBA) to PS-b-PAA. The outer PAA block of nanoreactors possessed carboxylic acid groups which could coordinate with a titanium precursor followed by high-temperature calcination to form crystalline TiO2 nanorings. The living nature of ATRP enabled the precise preparation of starlike diblock copolymer nanoreactors with a controlled length of each block (i.e., PtBA and PS), thereby tailoring the inner diameter and wall thickness of the resulting TiO2 nanorings, which were inaccessible to conventional routes.
The NACHT, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domains-containing protein 3 (collectively known as NLRP3) inflammasome activation plays a critical role in innate immune and pathogenic microorganism ...infections. However, excessive activation of NLRP3 inflammasome will lead to cellular inflammation and tissue damage, and naturally it must be precisely controlled in the host. Here, we discovered that solute carrier family 25 member 3 (SLC25A3), a mitochondrial phosphate carrier protein, plays an important role in negatively regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We found that SLC25A3 could interact with NLRP3, overexpression of SLC25A3 and knockdown of SLC25A3 could regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and the interaction of NLRP3 and SLC25A3 is significantly boosted in the mitochondria when the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated. Our detailed investigation demonstrated that the interaction between NLRP3 and SLC25A3 disrupted the interaction of NLRP3-NEK7, promoted ubiquitination of NLRP3, and negatively regulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Thus, these findings uncovered a new regulatory mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which provides a new perspective for the therapy of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated inflammatory diseases.
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