Molekulare Erkennung in Monoschichten auf Graphit: Stöchiometrische Donor‐Acceptor(DA)‐Komplexe von 5‐Alkoxyisophthalsäuren mit difunktionellen aromatischen Basen konnten mit Rastertunnelmikroskopie ...(RTM) nachgewiesen werden. Unten ist das 2D‐Kristallgitter des DA‐Komplexes aus der Hexadecoxy‐substituierten Isophthalsäure und 2,5‐Dimethylpyrazin, schematisch dargestellt.
Die photochemische Umwandlung des Diazoanthrons 1 in das Anthrachinon 2 in einem dünnen Flüssigkeitsfilm auf einer Graphitoberfläche wurde rastertunnelmikroskopisch in situ untersucht. Die Strukturen ...der zweidimensionalen Kristalle von Photoedukt und ‐produkt wurden analysiert.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of emergency department-initiated tobacco control (ETC).
Literature search in 7 databases and gray ...literature sources. Point prevalence tobacco abstinence at 1-, 3-, 6-, and/or 12-month follow-up was abstracted from each study. The proportionate effect (relative risk) of ETC on tobacco abstinence was calculated separately for each study and follow-up time and pooled, at different follow-up times, by Mantel-Haenszel relative risks. The effects of ETC on combined point prevalence tobacco abstinence across all follow-up times were calculated using generalized linear mixed models.
Seven studies with overall 1,986 participants were included. The strongest effect of ETC on point prevalence tobacco abstinence was found at 1 month: Relative risk (RR) = 1.47 (3 studies) (95% confidence interval CI: 1.06-2.06), while the effect at 3, 6, and 12 months was RR = 1.24 (6 studies) (95% CI: 0.93-1.65); 1.13 (5 studies) (95% CI: 0.86-1.49); and 1.25 (1 study) (95% CI: 0.91-1.72). The benefit on combined point prevalence tobacco abstinence was RR = 1.33 (7 studies) (95% CI: 0.96-1.83), p = .08; with RR = 1.33 (95% CI: 0.92-1.92), p = .10, for the 5 studies combining motivational interviewing and booster phone calls.
ETC combining motivational interviewing and booster phone calls showed a trend toward increased episodically measured tobacco abstinence up to 12 months. More methodologically rigorous trials are needed to effectively evaluate the impact of ETC.
Die Kompartimentierung chemischer Reaktionen ist ein grundlegendes Prinzip des Lebens und daher ein wichtiger Ausgangspunkt für Innovationen bei der Entwicklung neuer Ansätze in der Biokatalyse. Zur ...Implementierung von Biotransformationen in räumlich getrennten Kompartimenten werden daher Herstellungsmethoden benötigt, die die schnelle Produktion von in Flusssystemen einsetzbaren Biokatalysatoren erlauben. Dreidimensionale (3D) Drucktechniken bieten eine solche hohe Durchsatzleistung, sind aber normalerweise nicht mit der empfindlichen Natur von Enzymen kompatibel, die physiologische Verarbeitungsparameter erfordern. Wir zeigen hier die Anwendung thermostabiler Enzyme zur Realisierung biokatalytischer, Agarose‐basierter Tinten, die in einem einfachen temperaturgesteuerten 3D‐Druckprozess angewendet werden können. Als Beispiele haben wir eine Esterase (EstII) und eine Alkoholdehydrogenase (ADH) aus thermophilen Organismen verwendet sowie eine Decarboxylase, die durch gerichtete Proteinevolution thermostabilisiert wurde. Die resultierenden 3D‐gedruckten Kartuschen wurden anschließend für eine kontinuierliche, zweistufige sequentielle Biotransformation in einem fluidischen Setup angewendet.
Drucken von Enzymreaktoren: Thermostabile Enzyme wurden für die schnelle Entwicklung von Prototypen und die Herstellung von biokatalytischen Durchflussreaktoren mittels 3D‐Druck verwendet. Die sequenzielle Anordnung von Agarose‐Modulen, die entweder eine nativ thermostabile Alkoholdehydrogenase oder eine thermostabilisierte Decarboxylase enthielten, ermöglichte eine zweistufige Biotransformation in einem einfachen Durchflussreaktoraufbau.
Background: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the treatment of patients with allergic and atopy-associated diseases has faced major challenges. Recommendations for "social distancing" and ...the fear of patients becoming infected during a visit to a medical facility have led to a drastic decrease in personal doctor-patient contacts. This affects both acute care and treatment of the chronically ill. The immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection is so far only insufficiently understood and could be altered in a favorable or unfavorable way by therapy with monoclonal antibodies. There is currently no evidence for an increased risk of a severe COVID-19 course in allergic patients. Many patients are under ongoing therapy with biologicals that inhibit type 2 immune responses via various mechanisms. There is uncertainty about possible immunological interactions and potential risks of these biologicals in the case of an infection with SARS-CoV-2.Materials and methods: A selective literature search was carried out in PubMed, Livivo, and the internet to cover the past 10 years (May 2010 - April 2020). Additionally, the current German-language publications were analyzed. Based on these data, the present position paper provides recommendations for the biological treatment of patients with allergic and atopy-associated diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: In order to maintain in-office consultation services, a safe treatment environment must be created that is adapted to the pandemic situation. To date, there is a lack of reliable study data on the care for patients with complex respiratory, atopic, and allergic diseases in times of an imminent infection risk from SARS-CoV-2. Type-2-dominant immune reactions, as they are frequently seen in allergic patients, could influence various phases of COVID-19, e.g., by slowing down the immune reactions. Theoretically, this could have an unfavorable effect in the early phase of a SARS-Cov-2 infection, but also a positive effect during a cytokine storm in the later phase of severe courses. However, since there is currently no evidence for this, all data from patients treated with a biological directed against type 2 immune reactions who develop COVID-19 should be collected in registries, and their disease courses documented in order to be able to provide experience-based instructions in the future.Conclusion: The use of biologicals for the treatment of bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and spontaneous urticaria should be continued as usual in patients without suspected infection or proven SARS-CoV-2 infection. If available, it is recommended to prefer a formulation for self-application and to offer telemedical monitoring. Treatment should aim at the best possible control of difficult-to-control allergic and atopic diseases using adequate rescue and add-on therapy and should avoid the need for systemic glucocorticosteroids. If SARS-CoV-2 infection is proven or reasonably suspected, the therapy should be determined by weighing the benefits and risks individually for the patient in question, and the patient should be involved in the decision-making. It should be kept in mind that the potential effects of biologicals on the immune response in COVID-19 are currently not known. Telemedical offers are particularly desirable for the acute consultation needs of suitable patients.
Transgenic mice overexpressing hepatitis B x protein (HBx) show an increased susceptibility to mutations if exposed to mutagens. Also involved in HBx signalling, reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) ...can induce DNA adducts such as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine that can in turn lead to G/T transversion mutations. Therefore, we investigated whether HBx expression increases the level of the mutational precursor 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in hepatocellular DNA.
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine concentrations of DNA hydrolysates of HBx protein expressing HepG2 cells and livers of HBx transgenic mouse lines were determined electrochemically after HPLC fractionation.
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine concentrations in genomic DNA of HBx protein expressing cell lines correlated with the factor of transactivation. The 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels were reduced after incubation of HBx recombinant cell lines with 0.1 or 1 mM of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Hepatic 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine concentrations in DNA of old transgenic mice were significantly, i.e. twofold, (p < 0.01) increased as compared to those of old nontransgenic or young transgenic controls and of control mice expressing a second HBV transactivator (MHBs(t76)).
HBx expression results in elevated DNA adduct levels. This could reflect a direct inhibitory interaction of HBx with cellular repair mechanisms. Alternatively, this may be an effect of an increased generation of reactive oxygen intermediates through HBx.
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