Reply Beukelman, Timothy; Cron, Randy Q.; Patkar, Nivedita M. ...
Arthritis care & research (2010),
September 2011, Volume:
63, Issue:
9
Journal Article
Superplastic deformation of microscrystalline alloys 1960 and 1360 reduces their resistance to intercrystalline corrosion due to the decrease in electrode potential of near boundary PFZs. Taking into ...account the considerable difference in the origin of the given alloy one can suggest that such SPD effect might be observed during SPD of all known commercial alloys. The analysis of the electrochemical origin of the SPD influence on corrosion resistance of the alloys testifies to this. At the same time SP deformation which can be used only in the case of MC materials provides a significant increase in resistance to ICC and SCC as compared to hot deformed coarse-crystalline alloys. This testifies that the commercial use of SP deformation instead of the conventional method allows to increase the corrosion endurance of articles out of aluminum alloys. Materials: 1960 and 1360 Al alloys.
Amorphous cellulose was used as a specific carrier for the deposition of self‐assembled multienzyme complexes capable of catalyzing coupled reactions. Naturally glycosylated fungal cellobiohydrolases ...(CBHs) of glycosyl hydrolase families 6 and 7 were specifically deposited onto the cellulose surface through their family I cellulose‐binding modules (CBM). Naturally glycosylated fungal laccase was then deposited onto the preformed glycoprotein layer pretreated by ConA, through the interaction of mannosyl moieties of fungal glycoproteins with the multivalent lectin. The formation of a cellulase‐ConA‐laccase composite was proven by direct and indirect determination of activity of immobilized laccase. In the absence of cellulases and ConA, no laccase deposition onto the cellulose surface was observed. Finally, basidiomycetous cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) was deposited onto the cellulose surface through the specific interaction of its FAD domain with cellulose. The obtained paste was applied onto the surface of a Clark‐type oxygen electrode and covered with a dialysis membrane. In the presence of traces of catechol or dopamine as mediators, the obtained immobilized multienzyme composite was capable of the coupled oxidation of cellulose by dissolved oxygen, thus providing the basis for a sensitive assay of the mediator. Swollen amorphous cellulose plays three different roles in the obtained biosensor as: (i) a gelforming matrix that captures the analyte and its oxidized intermediate, (ii) a specific carrier for protein self‐assembly, and (iii) a source of excess substrate for a pseudo‐reagent‐less assay with signal amplification. The detection limit of such a tri‐enzyme biosensor is 50‐100 nM dopamine.
IL-2 signaling appears to play a significant role in enabling the synthesis of Th2 cytokines in an in vitrosystem for studying primary T cell responses. When T cells from C57BL/6J or BALB/c strains ...of mice were activated in vitroand re-stimulated through their TCR complex 48 h later, CD4+ T cells producing the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were found only when IL-2 was present. IL-2 also enhanced IFN-γ synthesis in C57BL/6J cells but not in BALB/c cells. By up-regulating production of anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines during a primary response, IL-2 may play a critical role in limiting Th1-mediated responses.
It is common to determine the effective conductivity of heterogeneous media by assuming stationarity of the random local properties. This assumption is not obeyed in a boundary layer of a body of ...finite size. The effect of different types of boundaries is examined for a two-phase medium with spherical inclusions of given conductivity distributed randomly in a matrix of a different conductivity. Exact solutions are derived for the apparent conductivity and the boundary layer thickness. The interaction between the spheres and the boundaries is fully incorporated in the solutions using a spherical harmonics expansion and the method of images. As applications, the corrections for the effective conductivity are given for two cases of finite bodies: the Maxwell sphere and a cylinder of flow parallel to the axis.
The effect of various food wastes on vital functions of microorganisms participating in transformation of carbon-containing compounds during solid-phase fermentation is shown. A close correlation is ...found between fungi and actinomycetes and also between microorganisms utilizing mono- and disaccharides as the sole source of carbon and total sugars.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
A 24-year-old man was admitted after sustaining a single gunshot wound to the neck with an expanding hematoma on the left. Computed tomography angiography demonstrated bilateral internal carotid ...artery pseudoaneurysms, with disruption of flow on the left and a carotid-jugular fistula on the right. At operation, transection of the left internal carotid artery necessitated ligation of the artery. No injuries to the trachea or larynx were found, but the pharynx was lacerated and was repaired. The patient was transferred to the angiography suite where a stent graft was placed in the right internal carotid artery. This served to close the pseudoaneurysm and the arteriovenous fistula while preserving distal flow. The patient recovered with intact cerebral function and with mild paresis of the tongue related to hypoglossal nerve injury. He was discharged home after 7 days.
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