ZigBee is a protocol for high-level communication under IEEE 802.15.4 standard. ZigBee network specification creates a personal area network for small, less-power consuming radio communication. The ...vast use in device to device communication of ZigBee turns its possibility in the use of the Internet of Things. A large amount of sensor nodes is interconnected through the Coordinator in ZigBee network. The end nodes send a huge amount of sensing data to the Coordinator via intermediary nodes like routers. These huge data creates overhead application traffic load in routers and Coordinator. A load balancing mechanism is necessary for a ZigBee network to contain multiple Personal Area Networks (PAN) and switch the threshold PAN loads with simplified network routing. This paper represents a novel ZigBee network model based on Stochastic and Widest Path process for proper traffic orientation, queuing and analyze load minimization issues. The two statistical models are put through in the ZigBee network using Riverbed to reduce and balance the overhead load. The result indicates that applying Stochastic process minimize the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer load as well as the overall ZigBee network load. This research will be helpful in large-scale integration of sensor nodes in a balanced ZigBee network for data load.
Clustered and smarter web mining using semantic web Galib, Syed Md; Rahman, Md Motiur; Shah, Ajay ...
2015 18th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT),
12/2015
Conference Proceeding
Semantic Web which is an extension to the current web 2.0 presents information more magnificently for humans and automated tools as well. It offers an intelligent web service that synchronizes and ...arranges précised data over web in a well-organized modus. The exactitude of fetching relevant data as per the user demand has been a real challenge for traditional web over years in the field of data mining. In this paper, we propose an approach for mapping data over web 3.0 through web ontology and retrieve the précised information through an intelligent agent. The agent provides all the searched data related to the user query from where desired information is found. If the user does not have enough search parameter, mining can be carried out by the information appended by the agent. Our proposed model shortlists the results fetched by traditional search engines such as Google which are semantically related to users' search parameter. A case study of Institutions of Barisal Division is considered to examine the helpfulness of the model.
ZigBee is a wireless standard based on IEEE 802.15.4 specification for a set of communication protocols. It is intended for remote control and sensor applications. ZigBee is designed to use low power ...digital radio signals for personal area networks which require secure networking. The use of the ZigBee protocol accommodates and facilitates for carrying out secure communications, ciphering frames and controlling devices, protecting establishment and transport of cryptographic keys. This paper presents a security enhancement technique for ZigBee by modifying the MAC layer. This work also serves enhanced security processing in Network and Application layer of ZigBee protocol. The improved security mechanism of Network and Application layer has been developed using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and proxy firewall techniques respectively. Riverbed v17.5 is used to simulate and scrutinize different ZigBee layers to enrich security. The result of this study provides reliable and stable ZigBee protocol scheme to end users. Furthermore, the paper shows security adoption in MAC, Network, and Application layers of ineligible nodes, packets, and data blocks. The benefits of the work include end-to-end security with confidentiality, data packet integrity, message and device authentication.
Cytochromes b
561 constitute a novel class of proteins in eukaryotic cells with a number of highly relevant common features including six transmembrane α-helices and two haem groups. Of particular ...interest is the presence of a large number of plant homologues having putative ascorbate- and monodehydroascorbate radical-binding sites. We conducted a diethylpyrocarbonate-modification study employing Zea mays cytochrome b
561 heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris cells. Pre-treatment of cytochrome b
561 with diethylpyrocarbonate in oxidized form caused N-carbethoxylation of His86, His159 and Lys83, leading to a drastic inhibition of the electron transfer from ascorbate. The activity was protected by the inclusion of ascorbate during the treatment. However, midpoint potentials of two haem centres did show only slight decreases upon the treatment, suggesting that changes in the midpoint potentials were not the major cause of the inhibition. Present results indicated that Zea mays cytochrome b
561 conducted an ascorbate-specific transmembrane electron transfer by utilizing a concerted H+/e− transfer mechanism and that the specific N-carbethoxylation of haem axial His86 that would inhibit the removal of a proton from the bound ascorbate was a major cause of the inhibition. On the other hand, Lys83 might be important for an initial step(s) of the fast electron acceptance from ascorbate.
Recently frequent and sequential pattern mining algorithms have been widely used in the field of software engineering to mine various source code or specification patterns. In practice software ...evolves from one version to another is needed for providing extra facilities to user. This kind of task is challenging in this domain since the database is usually updated in all kinds of manners such as insertion, various modifications as well as removal of sequences. If database is optimized then this optimized information will help developer in their development process and save their valuable time as well as development expenses. Some existing algorithms which are used to optimize database but it does not work faster when database is incrementally updated. To overcome this challenges an efficient algorithm is recently introduce, called the Canonical Order Tree that captures the content of the transactions of the database and orders. In this paper we have proposed a technique based on the Canonical Order Tree that can find out frequent patterns from the incremental database with speedy and efficient way. Thus the database will be optimized as well as it gives useful information to recommend software developer.
The results of an analytical and experimental study of the initiation of transverse fractures from horizontal wells are presented. Analytical criteria for the initiation of single hydraulic fracture ...are reviewed, and criterion for initiation of multiple hydraulic fractures was developed by modification of the existing Drucker and Prager criterion for single hydraulic fracture initiation. The developed criterion for multiple fracture initiation was validated by comparisons with actual hydraulic fracture initiation pressures, which were obtained from scaled laboratory experiments and numerical results from boundary element analysis. Other criteria are assessed against the experimental results. Experimentally obtained transverse fracture initiation pressures were found close to longitudinal fracture initiation pressures estimated from maximum tensile stress criterion and Hoek and Brown criterion. One possible explanation of this finding is presented. Results from Drucker and Prager criteria for single and multiple fracture initiation were, however, found closer to experimental values. Therefore, these criteria could be useful to engineers involved with hydraulic fracturing for predicting transverse fracture initiation pressures from horizontal wells drilled parallel to the minimum horizontal in-situ stress.
This paper presents results of a comprehensive study involving analytical, numerical and experimental investigations into transverse fracture propagation from horizontal wells. The propagation of ...transverse hydraulic fractures from horizontal wells is simulated and investigated in the laboratory using carefully designed experimental setups. Closed-form analytical theories for Mode I (opening) stress intensity factors for idealized fracture geometries are reviewed, and a boundary element-based model is used herein to investigate non-planar propagation of fractures. Using the mixed mode fracture propagation criterion of the model, a reasonable agreement is found with respect to fracture geometry, net fracture pressures and fracture propagation paths between the modeled fractures and the laboratory tested fractures. These results suggest that the propagation of multiple fractures requires higher net pressures than a single fracture, the underlying reason of which is theoretically justified on the basis of local stress distribution.
A study was performed for investigating accumulation, distribution and toxicological effects induced by chromium (Cr) on the development of the mangrove seedling Kandelia candel (L.) Druce. Seedlings ...treated with increasing concentrations of CrCl3 solution (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 mg L-1, respectively) were grown in a basic nutrient solution for three months. The five month old seedlings were harvested for the experiment. This study showed that Cr treatment significantly decreased growth of K. candel in terms of seedling height, leaf number and total biomass. At the highest 3 mg L-1 Cr exposure, there was a 34.47% decrease in final seedling height, 68.95% decrease in leaf number and a 60.65% decrease in total biomass. The present study demonstrates that Cr accumulation ability of K. candel seedlings increased with the increase of treatment strength up to certain level. The concentrations of Cr in root, hypocotyl, stem and leaf ranged from 22.87 to 1.43 mg kg-1, 1.30 to 0.68 mg kg-1, 2.42 to 0.91 mg kg-1, and 1.74 to 0.74 mg kg-1, respectively. When comparing Cr concentration in different plant parts with respect to their controls, the results showed that treated plant root bioaccumulated high amounts of Cr. Almost 80% of Cr was accumulated mainly in roots. The distribution pattern of Cr in K. candel was Root > Stem > Leaf > Hypocotyl. Our findings indicated that the high concentration of Cr supply may interfere with several metabolic processes of seedlings, causing toxicity to plants as exhibited by chlorosis, necrosis, and finally, plant death.
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