Performance of the CLAS12 Silicon Vertex Tracker modules Antonioli, M.A.; Boiarinov, S.; Bonneau, P. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
12/2013, Volume:
732
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
For the 12GeV upgrade, the CLAS12 experiment has designed a Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) using single sided microstrip sensors fabricated by Hamamatsu. The sensors have graded angle design to ...minimize dead areas and a readout pitch of 156μm, with intermediate strip. Double sided SVT module hosts three daisy-chained sensors on each side with a full strip length of 33cm. There are 512 channels per module read out by four Fermilab Silicon Strip Readout (FSSR2) chips featuring data driven architecture, mounted on a rigid-flex hybrid. Modules are assembled on the barrel using unique cantilevered geometry to minimize the amount of material in the tracking volume. Design and performance of the SVT modules are presented, focusing on results of electrical measurements.
•A Silicon Vertex Tracker has been designed for the central tracker of the CLAS12 experiment.•Using cantilevered module geometry allows minimizing amount of material in the tracking volume.•A dedicated Hybrid Flex Circuit Board has been developed to read out double sided module.•Module performance meets design goals of the CLAS12 Central Tracker.
We present results of the detailed study of several hundred Hamamatsu H12700 Multianode Photomultiplier Tubes (MaPMTs), characterizing their response to the Cherenkov light photons in the second Ring ...Imaging Cherenkov detector, a part of the CLAS12 upgrade at Jefferson Lab. The total number of pixels studied was 25536. The single photoelectron spectra were measured for each pixel at different high voltages and light intensities of the laser test setup. Using the same dedicated front-end electronics as in the first RICH detector, the setup allowed us to characterize each pixel’s properties such as gain, quantum efficiency, signal crosstalk between neighboring pixels, and determine the signal threshold values to optimize their efficiency to detect Cherenkov photons. A recently published state-of-the-art mathematical model, describing photon detector response functions measured in low light conditions, was extended to include the description of the crosstalk contributions to the spectra. The database of extracted parameters will be used for the final selection of the MaPMTs, their arrangement in the new RICH detector, and the optimization of the operational settings of the front-end electronics. The results show that the characteristics of the H12700 MaPMTs satisfy our requirements for the position-sensitive single photoelectron detectors.
The CLAS12 Trigger System Raydo, B.; Boyarinov, S.; Celentano, A. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
04/2020, Volume:
960, Issue:
C
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This article describes the CLAS12 Trigger System. The simulation, hardware, and software design, as well as all validation procedures, are discussed. The firmware development tools used are discussed ...as well, including our experience with VIVADO High Level Synthesis.
This paper presents a framework based on a flow-based programming paradigm to design data-stream processing applications for NP. The developed framework encourages a functional decomposition of the ...overall data processing application into small mono-functional artifacts that are easy to understand, develop and debug. The fact that these artifacts (actors) are programmatically independent means they can be scaled and optimized independently, which is difficult for monolithic application components. One of the advantages of this approach is fault tolerance, where independent actors can come and go in the data stream without stopping or crashing the entire application. Because actors are loosely coupled, and data carries context, they can run in heterogeneous environments and utilize wide-ranging accelerators. This paper describes the main design concepts of this framework, presenting a proof-of-concept application and the results of processing on-beam calorimeter streaming data.
The large-area hybrid-optics CLAS12 RICH: First years of data-taking Contalbrigo, M.; Barion, L.; Battisti, M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
12/2023, Volume:
1057
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The CLAS12 deep-inelastic scattering experiment at the upgraded 12 GeV continuous electron beam accelerator facility of Jefferson Lab conjugates luminosity and wide acceptance to study the 3D nucleon ...structure in the yet poorly explored valence region, and to perform precision measurements in hadron spectroscopy. A large area ring-imaging Cherenkov detector has been designed to achieve the required hadron identification in the momentum range from 3 GeV/c to 8 GeV/c, with the kaon rate about one order of magnitude lower than the rate of pions and protons. The adopted solution comprises aerogel radiator and composite mirrors in a novel hybrid optics design, where either direct or reflected light could be imaged in a high-packed and high-segmented photon detector. The first RICH module was assembled during the second half of 2017 and installed at the beginning of January 2018, in time for the start of the experiment. The second RICH module, planned with the goal to be ready for the beginning of the operation with polarized targets, has been timely built despite the complications caused by the pandemic crisis and successfully installed in June 2022. The detector performance is here discussed with emphasis on the operation and stability during the data-taking, calibration and alignment procedures, reconstruction and pattern recognition algorithms, and particle identification.
•A large-area RICH was completed with a novel hybrid-optics design.•Innovative components were adopted to minimize the instrumented area.•Inter-channel equalization of the single-photon response was obtained.•Discrimination at 6% of the single-photon signal was reliably applied.•Kaon identification was verified on a generic control sample.
The CLAS12 Data Acquisition System Boyarinov, S.; Raydo, B.; Cuevas, C. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
06/2020, Volume:
966, Issue:
C
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The CLAS12 Data Acquisition System was designed and built as part of the CLAS12 detector project in Hall B at Jefferson Laboratory. This article contains a full description of the system, including ...requirements, design, hardware, and software descriptions, as well as the achieved performance. The associated computing, network, and slow controls systems are also described.
The Heavy Photon Search experiment took its first data in a 2015 engineering run using a 1.056 GeV, 50 nA electron beam provided by CEBAF at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, ...searching for a prompt, electroproduced dark photon with a mass between 19 and 81 MeV/c2. A search for a resonance in the e+e− invariant mass distribution, using 1.7 days (1170 nb−1) of data, showed no evidence of dark photon decays above the large QED background, confirming earlier searches and demonstrating the full functionality of the experiment. Upper limits on the square of the coupling of the dark photon to the standard model photon are set at the level of 6×10−6. Future runs with higher luminosity will explore new territory.
The CLAS12 high threshold Cherenkov counter Sharabian, Y.G.; Burkert, V.D.; Biselli, A. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
07/2020, Volume:
968, Issue:
C
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The High Threshold Cherenkov Counter (HTCC) is one of the detector systems of the CLAS12 spectrometer, and is used to generate a fast trigger signal in electron scattering experiments in the polar ...angle range from 5°to 35°. The HTCC is installed in front of the drift chambers and introduces a minimal amount of additional material within the acceptance. The HTCC is one unit whose core component is a multifocal mirror that consists of 60 lightweight ellipsoidal mirrors. It is important that the HTCC provides efficient coverage of the CLAS12 forward acceptance with no gaps. In order to achieve this, each sector of the CLAS12 Forward Detector is covered by 2 identical half-sector mirrors that focus Cherenkov light on 8 phototubes. The HTCC has a total of 48 channels with Electron Tubes 9823QKB photomultipliers that have a 5-in quartz face plate to detect Cherenkov light. The system provides rejection of charged π-mesons with momenta below 4.8 GeV for the reliable identification of scattered electrons. In this paper the details of the design, construction, calibration, and performance results of the HTCC are presented.
The CLAS12 Silicon Vertex Tracker Antonioli, M.A.; Baltzell, N.; Boyarinov, S. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
05/2020, Volume:
962, Issue:
C
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
For the 12 GeV upgrade of Jefferson Laboratory, a Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) has been designed for the CLAS12 spectrometer using single-sided microstrip sensors fabricated by Hamamatsu Photonics. ...The sensors have a graded angle design to minimize dead areas and a readout pitch of 156μm, with intermediate strips. Each double-sided SVT module hosts three daisy-chained sensors on each side with a full strip length of 33 cm. There are 512 channels per module, read out by four Fermilab Silicon Strip Readout (FSSR2) chips, featuring data-driven architecture, mounted on a rigid–flex hybrid board. The modules are assembled in a barrel configuration using a unique cantilevered geometry to minimize the amount of material in the tracking volume. This paper is focused on the design, qualification of the performance, and experience in operating and commissioning the tracker during the first year of the data taking.
The CLAS12 Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector Contalbrigo, M.; Kubarovsky, V.; Mirazita, M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
06/2020, Volume:
964, Issue:
C
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
A ring imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector has been installed in the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory (JLab) to provide kaon identification in the momentum range between 3 GeV/c and 8 GeV/c. ...The detector adopts a hybrid optics solution with aerogel radiator, light planar and spherical mirrors, and highly segmented photon detectors. We report here on the design, construction, and initial performance of the RICH during the commissioning of the detector and the first physics data taking period.
•A novel large-area hybrid-optics RICH detector has been realized.•Hadron separation has been achieved in the challenging 3 to 8 GeV/c momentum range.•Composite aeronautic materials has been exploited to get a light and stiff structure.•Light glass-skin planar mirrors have been introduced in a high-energy experiment.•Unprecedented transmittance for n=1.05 hydrophilic aerogel has been achieved.
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