Purpose. Demonstration of the author's motor assessment questionnaire as a tool allowing detailed evaluation of movement dissociation disorders in children with cerebral palsy and damaged pyramidal ...system. Material and Methods. The study included 19 children with cerebral palsy aged 4 to 16 years. Mean age: 8 years old (SD = 3.53). The research was performed in the Neuron Rehabilitation Centre in Bydgoszcz. A motor assessment questionnaire was used to examine the possibility of changing position from the lowest, i.e. lying back, to the highest, i.e. standing and walking. Based on the Gross Motors Function Classification Scale (GMFCS), children were qualified to specific functional levels from I to V. The Functional Mobility Scale (FMS) scale was used to examine the capability of locomotion at three distances: 5m, 50m and 500m. Total examination - using the motor assessment questionnaire, the GMFCS scale and the FMS scale - was used to determine dysfunctions and current skills of the subjects and predict their functioning and locomotion. Results. The range of points scored by children according to the motor assessment table was 7 to 46 out of 48. Based on the GMFCS scale, the subjects were qualified to levels from I to V, and according to the FMS scale - to eight groups depending on the locomotion capabilities. The results obtained by the study group in individual scales were compared. Conclusions 1. The general functional performance of a child expressed by GMFCS level is significantly affected by factors not related to motor activity itself. This is confirmed by the lack of a close relationship between the motor skills assessment and GMFCS level. 2. Scores obtained in the motor assessment test in most cases are adequate to the capability of independent upright mobilization. 3. Scores obtained in the motor assessment test always determine the capability of walking on three distances according to the FMS scale. 4. Independent walking with the use of orthopedic support is possible for children, who obtained at least 30 points out of 48 in the motor assessment test. 5. It has been shown that the author's motor assessment questionnaire is useful for the motor assessment of children with cerebral palsy.
The aim of this study was to present the factors affecting prediction of the functioning and locomotion of children with cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy is one of the most common causes of disability ...among children. When predicting the future of a child, its functioning mode and locomotion, many factors should be considered, i.e. the degree of brain injury, the moment of implementing therapy, cognitive abilities of the child, level of mental retardation, epileptic seizures, hearing and vision impairment, etc. The goal of the therapy and its effectiveness depends on the appropriate assessment, and this determines the prediction of the patient’s future. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) can be a useful tool in predicting a child’s functional performance.
The aim of this study was to present the factors affecting prediction of the functioning and locomotion of children with cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy is one of the most common causes of disability ...among children. When predicting the future of a child, its functioning mode and locomotion, many factors should be considered, i.e. the degree of brain injury, the moment of implementing therapy, cognitive abilities of the child, level of mental retardation, epileptic seizures, hearing and vision impairment, etc. The goal of the therapy and its effectiveness depends on the appropriate assessment, and this determines the prediction of the patient’s future. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) can be a useful tool in predicting a child’s functional performance.
Purpose. Demonstration of the author's motor assessment questionnaire as a tool allowing detailed evaluation of movement dissociation disorders in children with cerebral palsy and damaged pyramidal ...system. Material and Methods. The study included 19 children with cerebral palsy aged 4 to 16 years. Mean age: 8 years old (SD = 3.53). The research was performed in the Neuron Rehabilitation Centre in Bydgoszcz. A motor assessment questionnaire was used to examine the possibility of changing position from the lowest, i.e. lying back, to the highest, i.e. standing and walking. Based on the Gross Motors Function Classification Scale (GMFCS), children were qualified to specific functional levels from I to V. The Functional Mobility Scale (FMS) scale was used to examine the capability of locomotion at three distances: 5m, 50m and 500m. Total examination - using the motor assessment questionnaire, the GMFCS scale and the FMS scale - was used to determine dysfunctions and current skills of the subjects and predict their functioning and locomotion. Results. The range of points scored by children according to the motor assessment table was 7 to 46 out of 48. Based on the GMFCS scale, the subjects were qualified to levels from I to V, and according to the FMS scale - to eight groups depending on the locomotion capabilities. The results obtained by the study group in individual scales were compared. Conclusions 1. The general functional performance of a child expressed by GMFCS level is significantly affected by factors not related to motor activity itself. This is confirmed by the lack of a close relationship between the motor skills assessment and GMFCS level. 2. Scores obtained in the motor assessment test in most cases are adequate to the capability of independent upright mobilization. 3. Scores obtained in the motor assessment test always determine the capability of walking on three distances according to the FMS scale. 4. Independent walking with the use of orthopedic support is possible for children, who obtained at least 30 points out of 48 in the motor assessment test. 5. It has been shown that the author's motor assessment questionnaire is useful for the motor assessment of children with cerebral palsy.
Since Poland acceded to the EU & several EU member-states, first & foremost Great Britain & Ireland, opened their labour markets to Polish workers, more & more Poles are migrating abroad. Among the ...labour migrants are low-qualified workers who do jobs in agriculture, gastronomy & construction, which are poorly paid but better remunerated than in Poland. Much more serious for Poland's economy is the loss of highly qualified specialists. To counteract this brain drain, Poland needs an effective state-sponsored migration policy flanked by reform of the economy, labour market & the education & health-case systems. Tables. Adapted from the source document.
Future of raman in PV development Sarau, G; Christiansen, S; Lewandowska, R ...
2010 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference,
2010-June
Conference Proceeding
We introduce and demonstrate two innovative macro-Raman mapping modes for advanced microstructural and mechanical characterization of photovoltaic (PV) materials. The macro- and micro- Raman results ...presented in this work are obtained on multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) thin films on glass for solar cells. We show that detailed information can be extracted from the same first-order Raman spectra of solar silicon. This enables us to understand the interaction between stresses, defects, doping/impurities, and microstructure at identical positions as well as at different length scales. The fast and large-scale imaging Raman instrument allows us to evaluate statistically the materials properties and to see clearly the differences originating from different preparation conditions/processing. Based on these results, we believe that the Raman technique will become increasingly important in the PV community not only for fundamental studies but also for optimization and in-line quality check in a PV factory.
Seit Polen 2004 der EU beigetreten ist und einige EU-Mitgliedstaaten, allen voran Großbritannien und Irland, ihre Arbeitsmärkte für polnische Arbeitnehmer geöffnet haben, wandern immer mehr Polen ins ...Ausland aus. Unter den Arbeitsmigranten befinden sich geringqualifizierte Arbeitskräfte, die schlecht, aber doch besser als in Polen bezahlte Jobs in Landwirtschaft, Gastronomie und auf dem Bau ausüben. Gravierender für Polens Wirtschaft ist der Verlust hochqualifizierter Fachkräfte. Um diesem Brain drain entgegenzuwirken, braucht Polen eine effektive staatliche Migrationspolitik, die von Reformen der Wirtschaft und des Arbeitsmarkts, des Bildungs- und Gesundheitswesens flankiert ist. Since Poland acceded to the EU and several EU member-states, first and foremost Great Britain and Ireland, opened their labour markets to Polish workers, more and more Poles are migrating abroad. Among the labour migrants are low-qualified workers who do jobs in agriculture, gastronomy and construction, which are poorly paid but better remunerated than in Poland. Much more serious for Poland's economy is the loss of highly qualified specialists. To counteract this brain drain, Poland needs an effective state-sponsored migration policy flanked by reform of the economy, labour market and the education and health-case systems.
The aim of this study was to identify genetic changes in rye seeds induced by natural ageing during long-term storage and consecutive regeneration cycles under gene bank conditions. Genomic DNA from ...four rye samples varying in their initial viability after one and three cycles of reproduction was analyzed by AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) fingerprinting. Seven EcoRI/MseI primer combinations defined 663 fragments, and seven PstI/MseI primer combinations defined 551 fragments. The variation in the frequency of the seventy-four EcoRI/MseI bands was statistically significant between samples. These changes could be attributed to genetic changes occurring during storage and regeneration. However, the PstI/MseI fragments appeared to be uninfluenced by seed ageing, regeneration and propagation. A combined Principle Coordinate Analysis revealed differences between samples with different initial viability. We showed that materials with low initial viability differ in their response from highly viable ones, and that the changes exhibited in the former case are preserved through regeneration cycles.
PDF