Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen that has been identified as infectious agent or colonizer mainly in dogs. S. pseudintermedius has been also detected in humans and more ...specifically in people in contact with dogs. In this study, the possible S. pseudintermedius pet-to-human transmission was analyzed in four clinical human cases. Two patients were dog owners and S. pseudintermedius was also detected as colonizer in these healthy animals. S. pseudintermedius isolates from patients and dogs of the same household showed identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, sequence types (STs), and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes, and were methicillin susceptible. Resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, trimetoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and/or ciprofloxacin was identified among S. pseudintermedius strains. The lineages ST241 and the new ST521 were detected in the strains of the two dog-owner patients, respectively. The strains from the other two patients presented two new STs, ST719 and ST720. To our knowledge, this is the first description of human infections caused by S. pseudintermedius in Spain.
Highlights • aPDT with RB and MB using a specific LED lamp has a significant bactericidal effect on S. mutans and S. sanguinis strains. • RB is slightly more efficient than MB. • Effects are the same ...in vitro either for separate bacteria or on the samples constituted by both bacteria.
Abstract Tetracycline-resistance (TetR ) has been postulated as a marker of the livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) lineage CC398. Objectives of the study: to ...determine the spa -types and assigned MLST clonal complexes (CCs) among all 98 MRSA-TetR strains recovered during 2011–2012 (from different patients) in a Spanish Hospital, analyzing the possible correlation with livestock-contact of the patients. All 98 strains were assigned to 9 CCs: CC398 (60.2%), CC1 (19.4%), CC5 (12.2%), and other CCs (8.2%). The 98 patients were classified into three groups: (A) contact with livestock-animals ( n = 25); (B) no-contact with livestock-animals ( n = 42); (C) no information about animal contact ( n = 31). A significant higher percentage of CC398 strains was obtained in group A (76%) than in group B (50%) ( p < 0.05), being the percentage in group C of 61.3%. Most of MRSA-TetR -CC398 strains presented a multi-resistance phenotype, including erythromycin, clindamycin, and ciprofloxacin, and the most prevalent detected genes were tet (M) and erm (C). Three strains presented the phenotype macrolide-susceptibility/lincosamide-resistance and contained the vga (A) gene. MRSA-CC1 strains showed higher percentages of erythromycin/clindamycin resistance (95%/89%) than MRSA-CC398 strains (58%/63%), and this resistance was usually mediated by erm (C) gene. Most of MRSA-CC5 strains showed resistance to ciprofloxacin, tobramycin/kanamycin and erythromycin. None of the strains presented the genes lukF/lukS- PV, tsst- 1, eta , etb or etd . All MRSA-CC398 strains lacked the genes of the immune-evasion-cluster, but MRSA-CC1 strains carried these genes (type E). In conclusion, although MRSA CC398 is detected in a significant higher proportion in patients with livestock-contact; its detection in people without this type of contact also indicates its capacity for human-to-human transmission.
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•Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii was identified as the causative agent of dermatophytosis in a flock of sheep.•Antimicrobial daylight photodynamic therapy (aDL-PDT) using 1% methylene ...blue solution was tested.•aDL-PDT seems to be effective, safe and efficient to treat dermatophytosis in sheep.
Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii has been identified molecularly as the causative agent of dermatophytosis in a flock of sheep. It is necessary to explore new treatment alternatives because antifungals are not approved for use on small ruminant animals in the European Union. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been shown to be effective for the treatment of dermatophytosis in humans. It is based on the application of a photosensitizer such as methylene blue (MB) that is activated by visible light to generate reactive oxygen species that are cytotoxic to cells. The use of daylight to perform aPDT (aDL-PDT) avoids the requirement of specific equipment because it uses sunlight to activate the photosensitizer. The aim of our study is to determine the efficacy of aDL-PDT using a 1% MB solution to treat dermatophytosis caused by A. vanbreuseghemii in ewes. Two different topical protocols (1% MB solution spray applications once or twice a week) were assayed in two groups of five infected animals. Twenty-five infected sheep were untreated. All the sheep were exposed to sunlight every day for an approximate duration of 10h for a total of four weeks. At the end of the study, all the animals treated with aDL-PDT showed the same clinical response to both protocols. In contrast, the animals exposed only to sunlight required an additional two to four weeks before their infections resolved.
Conclusion: aDL-PDT with 1% MB solution demonstrates efficacy, safety and efficiency in the treatment of dermatophytosis in sheep.
Development of a novel MALDI-TOF MS-based method for the rapid detection of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae.
The method was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity and turnaround time ...regarding the antibiotic used (cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefpodoxime or cefepime) and the performance of the automated MBT STAR-BL software (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Germany) relative to qualitative interpretation of spectra for detecting β-lactamase resistance by MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonik) in a collection of 11 isogenic Escherichia coli control strains expressing different β-lactamases. Finally, for clinical validation, β-lactamase activity was determined under previously evaluated conditions in 100 clinical isolates previously characterized by PCR and sequencing.
Clinical validation of the assay showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for detecting β-lactam resistance in 30 min by measuring hydrolysis of ceftriaxone (0.50 mg/mL) with the automated MBT STAR-BL software. Regarding the antibiotics evaluated, ceftriaxone yielded 70% more positive results than cefotaxime, 80% more than ceftazidime and 20% more than cefpodoxime, with 100% specificity. Cefepime revealed 100% sensitivity, but only 27% specificity. For the same incubation time, the automated software yielded on average 41% more positive results in relation to detecting resistance than qualitative interpretation of spectra.
Our clinical validation of the method proved it to be highly reliable, simple to perform and time saving, transforming β-lactam resistance detection by MALDI-TOF MS into a ready-to-use technique in clinical laboratories.
El tránsito de la educación secundaria a la enseñanza universitaria se ha convertido en un momento crítico para el estilo de vida de los jóvenes, especialmente para la práctica de actividad física. ...Por ello, el principal objetivo del presente estudio fue valorar los niveles de actividad física en universitarios, mediante la correlación entre los resultados del IPAQ-SF y las distintas variables de condición física (Eurofit). La muestra estuvo conformada por 194 estudiantes del Grado de Educación Primaria, con una edad media de 21,37 ± 2,66 años. Los principales resultados obtenidos reflejan la relación directa entre la práctica de actividad física en general, y la actividad física vigorosa en particular y una óptima aptitud física de los estudiantes universitarios, vinculada sobre todo con el componente fuerza. En cuanto a la comparación entre los universitarios del curso prepandémico (18/19) y el curso pospandémico (21/22), el aumento de la actividad física tras la pandemia no reportó diferencias sustanciales en los componentes de la condición física. A modo de conclusión, estos resultados deben conducirnos a una reflexión sobre la influencia de un estilo de vida activo en la aptitud física, la cual tiene repercusión en el estado de salud general y la calidad de vida.
Microsporum canis is a ubiquitous dermatophyte that commonly causes human infections. Since contact with infected animals is the usual way of infection, tracing its source is an essential preventive ...measure.
To type isolates of
M. canis from human patients whose skin was affected, and from some animals (dogs and cats) that were closely associated to the patients.
The inter-single-sequence-repeat-PCR (ISSR-PCR) technique has been used for typing 24 isolates of
M. canis. Seventeen isolates tested were from human patients, 5 from cats and 1 from a dog
A total of 21 genotypes were identified. The same genotype was found infecting a patient and a cat that was living closely with him, but another member of the same family proved to be infected with two genotypes different from that. Clinical specimens from two patients had been contaminated with the same genotype, probably in the laboratory where the samples were handled.
These results demonstrate that ISSR-PCR polymorphism is a reliable method for the identification of the
M. canis strains.
Urinary tract infection is the most common human infection with a high morbidity. In primary care and hospital services, conventional urine culture is a key part of infection diagnosis but results ...take at least 24 h. Therefore, a rapid and reliable screening method is still needed to discard negative samples as quickly as possible and to reduce the laboratory workload. In this aspect, this study aims to compare the diagnostic performance between Sysmex UF-1000i and FUS200 systems in comparison to urine culture as the gold standard. From March to June 2016, 1,220 urine samples collected at the clinical microbiology laboratory of the "Miguel Servet" hospital were studied in parallel with both analysers, and some technical features were evaluated to select the ideal equipment. The most balanced cut-off values taking into account bacteria or leukocyte counts were 138 bacteria/μL or 119.8 leukocyte/μL for the UF-1000i (95.3% SE and 70.4% SP), and 5.7 bacteria/μL or 4.3 leukocyte/μL for the FUS200 (95.8% SE and 44.4% SP). The reduction of cultured plates was 37.4% with the FUS200 and 58.3% with the UF-1000i. This study shows that both techniques improve the workflow in the laboratory, but the UF-1000i has the highest specificity at any sensitivity and the FUS200 needs a shorter processing time.
Nine staphylococcal strains of human and animal origin with a lincomycin-resistant/erythromycin-susceptible phenotype and carrying vga genes were characterised to determine the genetic elements ...involved in the dissemination of these uncommon resistance genes. These strains were typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and/or spa typing. Antimicrobial susceptibility was studied by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. Presence of the genes lnu(A), lnu(B), vga(A), vga(A)v, vga(B), vga(C), vga(E), lsa(B) and cfr was studied by PCR. Transformation experiments were carried out in all strains, and the plasmid or chromosomal gene location was determined by Southern blot analysis. Genetic environments of the vga genes were analysed by PCR mapping or inverse PCR and sequencing. Five meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST398 strains and three Staphylococcus epidermidis strains harboured the gene vga(A), and one MRSA-ST8 strain contained the gene vga(A)v. One MRSA-ST398 strain, which also contained the gene lnu(A), showed the highest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to lincomycin. The vga(A)v-positive strain presented lower MIC values than the vga(A)-positive strains. Presence of the pVGA plasmid was confirmed in two MRSA-ST398 strains. Four novel vga(A)-carrying plasmids were detected: pUR2355 (in two MRSA and one meticillin-susceptible S. epidermidis); pUR4128 (one MRSA); pUR3036 one meticillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE); and pUR3937 (one MRSE). The plasmid pUR4128 was very similar to pUR2355. Plasmids pUR3036 and pUR3937 were related and were very similar to plasmid pSE-12228-06. The gene vga(A)v was located in a transposon analogous to Tn5406. Therefore, four novel vga(A)-carrying plasmids and a variant of Tn5406 were identified in this study.
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