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•Degradation of trans-cinnamaldehyde and limonene in cucumbers was studied.•Degradation studies, in both laboratory and greenhouse, were carried out.•First and second order kinetic ...models were observed for their dissipation.•Metabolites were tentatively identified by GC and UHPLC-HRMS.
Degradation of trans-cinnamaldehyde and limonene in cucumber was evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Two commercial biopesticides, one based on cinnamon extract and other from orange oil, were utilized. Compound degradation was monitored using gas chromatography (GC) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a quadrupole-high-resolution mass analyzer (Q-Orbitrap). In both studies, trans-cinnamaldehyde followed a second-order degradation kinetics, whereas limonene followed a first-order kinetics. The half-life values (DT50 or t1/2) for trans-cinnamaldehyde ranged from 2.02 to 2.49 h, while for limonene this value ranged from 0.49 to 6.17 h. Non-targeted analysis (suspect and unknown modes) allowed for the detection of trans-cinnamaldehyde and limonene metabolites. Benzyl alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, p-tolylacetic acid and 4-hydoxycinnamic acid were tentatively identified as trans-cinnamaldehyde metabolites. While three limonene metabolites, carvone, limonene-1,2-epoxide, and perillyl alcohol, were tentatively identified. Greenhouse studies have not revealed any metabolites of these compounds because the parent compounds degrade more quickly.
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•Commercial biopesticides characterization by targeted and untargeted analyses.•A home-made database was built by LC and GC-HRMS methodologies.•17 target and 101 untargeted compounds ...were detected in the tested samples.•In addition to natural compounds, BHT or diisobutyl phthalate were detected.
15 commercial biopesticides (CBs), based on vegetable extracts and oils, were characterized. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) coupled to a hybrid high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyser, such as quadrupole (Q)-Orbitrap, were used. Both targeted and untargeted (suspect and unknown modes) analyses were carried out. For the targeted analysis, a database was built, encompassing volatile and non-volatile compounds commonly found in vegetable extracts and oils. This database comprised 27 LC-amenable compounds and 31 GC-amenable compounds. 17 targeted compounds were quantified, and 101 compounds were tentatively identified by untargeted analysis. CBs based on essential oils, such as orange oil or cinnamon extract contained the highest number of detected compounds. Monoterpenes (limonene or linalool), and sesquiterpenes (δ-cadinene or γ-elemene) were mainly found. Moreover, some co-formulants such as dibutyl phthalate or butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were also detected. The concentration of targeted natural compounds ranged from 2 mg/L (linalool) to 450 g/L (trans-cinnamaldehyde).
Two commercial biopesticides were studied to determine their persistence in two soil types, such as sandy clay loam and clay loam soils. For this purpose, an orange oil–based biopesticide was used, ...being limonene its main ingredient. The other biopesticide was based on cinnamon extract and
trans
-cinnamaldehyde as its main component. Degradation of these compounds was monitored, and transformation products or metabolites were detected. Limonene and its metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and
trans
-cinnamaldehyde by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Both techniques were coupled to a high-resolution mass (HRMS) analyzer, such as quadrupole (Q)-Orbitrap. Limonene and
trans
-cinnamaldehyde were rapidly degraded as result of first-order kinetics. Possible metabolites such as thymol, cymene, isoterpinolene and cymenene for limonene, and hydroxycinnamic acid for
trans
-cinnamaldehyde were tentatively identified. Moreover, four other metabolites of
trans
-cinnamaldehyde, some of them not previously described, were also detected.
Background and aims
Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survival rates in low- and middle-income countries are lower due to deficiencies in multilevel factors, including access to timely ...diagnosis, risk-stratified therapy, and comprehensive supportive care. This retrospective study aimed to analyze outcomes for pediatric ALL at 16 centers in Mexico.
Methods
Patients <18 years of age with newly diagnosed B- and T-cell ALL treated between January 2011 and December 2019 were included. Clinical and biological characteristics and their association with outcomes were examined.
Results
Overall, 2,116 patients with a median age of 6.3 years were included. B-cell immunophenotype was identified in 1,889 (89.3%) patients. The median white blood cells at diagnosis were 11.2.5 × 10
3
/mm
3
. CNS-1 status was reported in 1,810 (85.5%), CNS-2 in 67 (3.2%), and CNS-3 in 61 (2.9%). A total of 1,488 patients (70.4%) were classified as high-risk at diagnosis. However, in 52.5% (991/1,889) of patients with B-cell ALL, the reported risk group did not match the calculated risk group allocation based on National Cancer Institute (NCI) criteria. Fluorescence
in situ
hybridization (FISH) and PCR tests were performed for 407 (19.2%) and 736 (34.8%) patients, respectively. Minimal residual disease (MRD) during induction was performed in 1,158 patients (54.7%). The median follow-up was 3.7 years. During induction, 191 patients died (9.1%), and 45 patients (2.1%) experienced induction failure. A total of 365 deaths (17.3%) occurred, including 174 deaths after remission. Six percent (176) of patients abandoned treatment. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 58.9% ± 1.7% for B-cell ALL and 47.4% ± 5.9% for T-cell ALL, while the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 67.5% ± 1.6% for B-cell ALL and 54.3% ± 0.6% for T-cell ALL. The 5-year cumulative incidence of central nervous system (CNS) relapse was 5.5% ± 0.6%. For the whole cohort, significantly higher outcomes were seen for patients aged 1–10 years, with DNA index >0.9, with hyperdiploid ALL, and without substantial treatment modifications. In multivariable analyses, age and Day 15 MRD continued to have a significant effect on EFS.
Conclusion
Outcomes in this multi-institutional cohort describe poor outcomes, influenced by incomplete and inconsistent risk stratification, early toxic death, high on-treatment mortality, and high CNS relapse rate. Adopting comprehensive risk-stratification strategies, evidence-informed de-intensification for favorable-risk patients and optimized supportive care could improve outcomes.
The present feature describes for the first time the application of spores from Aspergillus sp. IMPMS7 to break out crude oil-in-water emulsions (O/W). The fungal spores were isolated from marine ...sediments polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons. The spores exhibited the ability to destabilize different O/W emulsions prepared with medium, heavy or extra-heavy Mexican crude oils with specific gravities between 10.1 and 21.2°API. The isolated fungal spores showed a high hydrophobic power of 89.3 ± 1.9% and with 2 g of spores per liter of emulsion, the half-life for emulsion destabilization was roughly 3.5 and 0.7 h for extra-heavy and medium crude oil, respectively. Then, the kinetics of water separation and the breaking of the O/W emulsion prepared with heavy oil through a spectrofluorometric technique were studied. A decrease in the fluorescence ratio at 339 and 326 nm (I339/I326) was observed in emulsions treated with spores, which is similar to previously reported results using chemical demulsifiers.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), or Von Recklinghausen's disease, is an autosomal dominant condition that affects the central nervous system. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) refers to ...non-epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract lacking smooth muscle structural features and schwann cell immunohistochemical characteristics. The risk of patients with NF1 to develop a GIST is 7%.
GIST is a soft tissue sarcoma that probably arises from the interstitial Cajal cells of the intestine. GIST associated with NF1 syndrome appears to have a distinct phenotype, occurring in younger patients compared to sporadic GIST.
The clinical presentation can be highly variable, the association of gastrointestinal tumors associated with Von Recklinghausen's disease is up to 7%, postoperative treatment with imatinib is reserved for patients with a high risk of recurrence.
The treatment of primary GIST is complete surgical resection with free microscopic margins and an intact pseudocapsule.
•The risk of patients with NF1 to develop a GIST is 7%.•GIST associated with NF1 syndrome appears to have a distinct phenotype.•Treatment of primary GIST is surgical resection with free microscopic margins.
The Thoracic Surgery and Thoracic Oncology groups of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) have backed the publication of a handbook on recommendations for the diagnosis and ...treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Due to the high incidence and mortality of this disease, the best scientific evidence must be constantly updated and made available for consultation by healthcare professionals. To draw up these recommendations, we called on a wide-ranging group of experts from the different specialties, who have prepared a comprehensive review, divided into 4 main sections. The first addresses disease prevention and screening, including risk factors, the role of smoking cessation, and screening programs for early diagnosis. The second section analyzes clinical presentation, imaging studies, and surgical risk, including cardiological risk and the evaluation of respiratory function. The third section addresses cytohistological confirmation and staging studies, and scrutinizes the TNM and histological classifications, non-invasive and minimally invasive sampling methods, and surgical techniques for diagnosis and staging. The fourth and final section looks at different therapeutic aspects, such as the role of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, a multidisciplinary approach according to disease stage, and other specifically targeted treatments, concluding with recommendations on the follow-up of lung cancer patients and surgical and endoscopic palliative interventions in advanced stages.
Objective. To determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori resistance to and the possible mutations that generate this worldwide resistance. Materials and methods. A systematic search for ...literature was performed in the databases Medline, Science Direct (Elsevier), Ovid, PubMed, Lilacs
and MedicLatina using relevant key words. Data extraction was independent and checklists were prepared to assess the methodological
quality of the studies. Analysis of information was done with RevMan 5®. Results. We found Helicobacter pylori resistance prevalence rates of 1% for North America, 8% for Central and South America, 5% for Asia, and 2% for Europe. The mutation associated to this resistance is in the 16S rDNA gene at nucleotide position 967TTC to AGA965 responsible of high resistance to tetracycline. Conclusions. Antibiotic resistance is one of the causes most associated to treatment failure in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, as well as poor adherence to treatment and indiscriminate use of antibiotics. We also evidenced that the rate of tetracycline resistance is higher when
it is used in a second treatment scheme. The distribution of resistance is variable in different areas and it is important to know these resistances to avoid treatment failures.
Key words: Helicobacter pylori, tetracycline, resistance, mutation, treatment, epidemiology, 16S rRNA.
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