We used the Spitzer Space Telescope's Infrared Spectrograph to map nearly the entire extent of Cassiopeia A between 5-40 micron. Using infrared and Chandra X-ray Doppler velocity measurements, along ...with the locations of optical ejecta beyond the forward shock, we constructed a 3-D model of the remnant. The structure of Cas A can be characterized into a spherical component, a tilted thick disk, and multiple ejecta jets/pistons and optical fast-moving knots all populating the thick disk plane. The Bright Ring in Cas A identifies the intersection between the thick plane/pistons and a roughly spherical reverse shock. The ejecta pistons indicate a radial velocity gradient in the explosion. Some ejecta pistons are bipolar with oppositely-directed flows about the expansion center while some ejecta pistons show no such symmetry. Some ejecta pistons appear to maintain the integrity of the nuclear burning layers while others appear to have punched through the outer layers. The ejecta pistons indicate a radial velocity gradient in the explosion. In 3-D, the Fe jet in the southeast occupies a "hole" in the Si-group emission and does not represent "overturning", as previously thought. Although interaction with the circumstellar medium affects the detailed appearance of the remnant and may affect the visibility of the southeast Fe jet, the bulk of the symmetries and asymmetries in Cas A are intrinsic to the explosion.
Previous reports of pulmonary rehabilitation programs have demonstrated improvement in exercise capacity in subjects with disabling pulmonary disease. However, the cost-effectiveness, benefits to ...outpatients in a community setting, durability of these improvements, and mechanism of improved exercise capacity remain unclear. Forty-four patients with an average FEV1 of 33 ± 4 percent of predicted completed a six-week long period of supervised treadmill exercise, as well as a continuing home program. Twenty percent had previously unsuspected cardiac disease discovered through the program, while 36 percent had previously unsuspected exercise desaturation. Cardiopulmonary stress testing before and after the program revealed a 73 ± 16 percent improvement in aerobic capacity (METs peak power) and a 250 ± 78 percent improvement in endurance (MET-min work). No significant change was seen in ▪E max, HR max, FEV1, or the degree of exercise desaturation. Only a small improvement was noted in ▪O2 max (15 ± 8 percent) and O2 pulse (16 ± 8 percent), suggesting that most of the improvement was due to improved muscle efficiency. Follow-up testing at 12 ± 3 months in 24 subjects revealed that 89 ± 7 percent of the peak exercise performance was maintained. The cost of the basic program was $800. The results demonstrated that an outpatient community hospital pulmonary rehabilitation program can accomplish substantial exercise capacity improvement with sustained benefits in a cost-effective manner. (Chest 1988; 94:1161-68)
We report a novel liquid crystal display (LCD) associated with homeotropic to multi‐domainlike (HMD) transition for a nematic liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy. This device shows a ...wide viewing angle over 60° in all directions and a fast response time. The molecular director configuration and the electro‐optic effect associated with the HMD deformation are discussed in this report.
The seroepidemiologic studies on anti-Toxoplasma antibody titers were carried out using ELISA and indirect latex agglutination test. Among 899 sera prepared from pregnant women, 39 cases (4.3%) ...revealed positive reaction and 218 sera from middle school students showed 4 positive reaction (1.8%) by ELISA. By LAT (newly established by National Veterinary Research Institute. Korea), the sera of 7 pregnant women (0.8%) showed positive reaction. When 80 sera showing > or = 1:8 by LAT were used for comparing the results obtained from LAT and Toxotest-MT (Eiken Chemical Co., Japan), 7 cases and 8 sera were positive, respectively. All of 11 sera of proven toxoplasmosis patients showed positive reaction in both tests. Overall proportion of agreement between LAT kit and Toxotest-MT was 0.94 (kappa-index = 0.632, p < 0.011, and LAT was considered to be useful for the screening of toxoplasmosis.
It has been generally known that iron cross section sets derived from ENDF/B-IV and ENDF/B-V evaluations underestimate the transmission of fast neutrons through light water reactor pressure vessel. ...In recent years, ENDF/B, JEF and JENDL iron data have been newly revised. To verify an applicability of the new iron evaluations to neutron transport calculations through the pressure vessel, fast neutron spectra and various threshold dosimeter activities obtained with the revised iron data have been intercompared. The results calculated with ENDF/B-VI iron data among those show good agreements with the measurements. And as far as fast neutron dosimetry application of pressure vessels is concerned, the result of JEF-2.2 iron data is improved a little compared with that of JEF-1, and JENDL-3.2 iron data show more or less underpredicted result relative to earlier JENDL iron data.
The Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) mode of the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) Space Telescope provides low-spectral resolution (R ~ 15-25) spectroscopy in the far infrared using ...the MIPS 70 um detector. A reflective grating provides a dispersion of 1.7 um per pixel, and an effective wavelength coverage of 52.8--98.7 um over detector rows 1-27. The final 5 detector rows are contaminated by second-order diffracted light and are left uncalibrated. The flux calibration is based on observations of MIPS calibration stars with 70 um flux densities of 0.5--15 Jy. The point-source flux calibration accuracy is estimated to be 10% or better down to about 0.5 Jy at the blue end of the spectrum and to 2 Jy near the red end. With additional uncertainties from the illumination and aperture corrections included, the surface brightness calibration of extended sources is accurate to ~15%. Repeatability of better than 5% is found for the SED mode through multiple measurements of several calibration stars.
Astrophys.J.658:1264-1288,2007 We have identified 230 Tycho-2 Spectral Catalog stars that exhibit 8 micron
mid-infrared extraphotospheric excesses in the MidCourse Space Experiment (MSX)
and Spitzer ...Space Telescope Galactic Legacy MidPlane Survey Extraordinaire
(GLIMPSE) surveys. Of these, 183 are either OB stars earlier than B8 in which
the excess plausibly arises from a thermal bremsstrahlung component or evolved
stars in which the excess may be explained by an atmospheric dust component.
The remaining 47 stars have spectral classifications B8 or later and appear to
be main sequence or late pre-main-sequence objects harboring circumstellar
disks. Six of the 47 stars exhibit multiple signatures characteristic of
pre-main-sequence circumstellar disks, including emission lines, near-infrared
K-band excesses, and X-ray emission. Approximately one-third of the remaining
41 sources have emission lines suggesting relative youth. Of the 25 GLIMPSE
stars with SST data at >24 microns, 20 also show an excess at 24 microns. Three
additional objects have 24 micron upper limits consistent with possible
excesses, and two objects have photospheric measurements at 24 microns. Six MSX
sources had a measurement at wavelengths >8 microns. We modeled the excesses in
26 stars having two or more measurements in excess of the expected photospheres
as single-component blackbodies. We determine probable disk temperatures and
fractional infrared luminosities in the range 191 < T < 787 and 3.9x10^-4 <
L_IR/L_* < 2.7x10^-1. We estimate a lower limit on the fraction of Tycho-2
Spectral Catalog main-sequence stars having mid-IR, but not near-IR, excesses
to be 1.0+-0.3%.
We have identified 230 Tycho-2 Spectral Catalog stars that exhibit 8 micron mid-infrared extraphotospheric excesses in the MidCourse Space Experiment (MSX) and Spitzer Space Telescope Galactic Legacy ...MidPlane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE) surveys. Of these, 183 are either OB stars earlier than B8 in which the excess plausibly arises from a thermal bremsstrahlung component or evolved stars in which the excess may be explained by an atmospheric dust component. The remaining 47 stars have spectral classifications B8 or later and appear to be main sequence or late pre-main-sequence objects harboring circumstellar disks. Six of the 47 stars exhibit multiple signatures characteristic of pre-main-sequence circumstellar disks, including emission lines, near-infrared K-band excesses, and X-ray emission. Approximately one-third of the remaining 41 sources have emission lines suggesting relative youth. Of the 25 GLIMPSE stars with SST data at >24 microns, 20 also show an excess at 24 microns. Three additional objects have 24 micron upper limits consistent with possible excesses, and two objects have photospheric measurements at 24 microns. Six MSX sources had a measurement at wavelengths >8 microns. We modeled the excesses in 26 stars having two or more measurements in excess of the expected photospheres as single-component blackbodies. We determine probable disk temperatures and fractional infrared luminosities in the range 191 < T < 787 and 3.9x10^-4 < L_IR/L_* < 2.7x10^-1. We estimate a lower limit on the fraction of Tycho-2 Spectral Catalog main-sequence stars having mid-IR, but not near-IR, excesses to be 1.0+-0.3%.
With the MOSES (Mask Oxide Sidewall Etch Scheme) process which uses a conventional i-line stepper and isotropic wet etching, CMOSFETs with fine gate patterns of 0.1 /spl mu/m or less are fabricated ...and characterized successfully. To improve the short channel effect of 0.1 /spl mu/m CMOS devices, the screening oxide is deposited before the low energy ion implantation for source/drain extensions and a two step sidewall scheme is adopted. Through the characterization of 0.1 /spl mu/m CMOS devices, it is found that the screening oxide deposition scheme has a larger capability of suppressing the short channel effects than the two step sidewall scheme. In the case of 200 /spl Aring/-thick screening oxide deposition, both NMOS and PMOS devices maintain good subthreshold characteristics down to 0.1 /spl mu/m effective channel lengths, and show affordable drain saturation current reduction and low impact ionization rates.
An electromechanical moving-actuator TAH was developed and implanted for 5 days in a calf experiment. The efficiency and durability were further improved using pendulous motion of the actuator. This ...new pendulum pump has a circular motion produced by gear mechanisms connected to the motor. It has a height (from valves to housing bottom) of 7 cm and centrally directed inlets and outlets for good fittability. Active filling (-10 mmHg) inside inner blood sacs was produced by the suction effects of the outer sacs attached to a moving actuator. Two acute animal experiments were performed using the pendulum pump with a Coridale sheep (50 kg weight), and a male calf (70 kg weight). A test was made of 30 minutes of tether-free operation of the implanted pendulum pump inside the small chest of the calf. The pump shows the engineering feasibility of the implantable electrical TAH inside a human chest cavity.
