The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential associations of binge drinking detected at the exit of nightclubs and risk behaviors and alcohol effects just after leaving the venue ...in a representative sample of Brazilian nightclub patrons according to sex. For this purpose, a portal survey study called Balada com Ciência was conducted in 2013 in the megacity of São Paulo, Brazil, using a two-stage cluster sampling survey design. Individual-level data were collected in 2422 subjects at the entrance and 1822 subjects at the exit of 31 nightclubs, and breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) was measured using a breathalyzer. The following day, 1222 patrons answered an online follow-up survey that included questions about risk behaviors and alcohol effects practiced just after leaving the nightclub. Weighted logistic regressions were used to analyze binge drinking associated with risk behaviors by sex. For both sexes, the most prevalent risk behaviors practiced after leaving a nightclub were drinking and driving (men=27.9%; women=20.4%), the use of illicit drugs (men=15.8%; women=9.4%) and risky sexual behavior (men=11.4%; women=6.8%). The practice of binge drinking increased the behavior of illicit drug use after leaving the nightclub by 2.54 times 95% CI: 1.26-5.09 among men who drank and increased the risk of an episode of new alcohol use by 5.80 times 95% CI: 1.50-22.44 among women who drank. Alcoholic blackouts were more prevalent among men OR=8.92; 95% CI: 3.83-20.80 and women OR= 5.31; 95% CI: 1.68-16.84 whose BrAC was equivalent to binge drinking compared with patrons with a lower BrAC. Public policies aiming to reduce patrons' BrAC at the exit of nightclubs, such as staff training in responsible beverage service and legislation to prevent alcohol sales to drunk individuals, would be useful to protect patrons from the risk behaviors associated with binge drinking in nightclubs.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of cancer in kidney and is often diagnosed in advanced stages. Until now, there is no reliable biomarker to assess tumor prognosis during ...histopathological diagnosis. The Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) overexpression has been suggested as prognostic indicator for RCC, however, its protein profile needs to be clarified. This study investigated the MTHFD2 expression in different RCC cohorts, associating it with tumor characteristics and prognostic factors. Gene expression comparisons between non-neoplastic (NN) and tumor samples, as well as patients' survival analysis, were assessed using KM-Plotter tool. MTHFD2 protein pattern was evaluated in 117 RCC by immunohistochemistry and associations with prognosis, clinical and pathological data were investigated. The tumors exhibited higher MTHFD2 transcript levels than NN, being even higher in the metastatic group. Opposite gene expression patterns were found among clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and pappilary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) subtypes, showing higher and lower expressions compared to NN samples respectively. Overexpression was associated with shorter overall survival for ccRCC and pRCC subtypes, and shorter recurrence-free survival for pRCC. The immunolabeling profile varied according to tumor subtypes, with lower intensity and expression scores in ccRCC compared to pRCC and to chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC). MTHFD2 protein expression was associated with larger tumors and higher Fuhrman grades. Although prognostic value of protein immunostaining was not confirmed, patients with higher MTHFD2 tended to have lower survival rates in the pRCC group. The results highlight MTHFD2 different patterns according to RCC histological subtypes, revealing marked variations at both the genetic and protein levels. The mRNA indicated tumor prognosis, and greater expression in the tumor samples. Although MTHFD2 immunolabeling suggests tumor aggressiveness, it needs to be validated in other cohorts as potential prognostic factor.
Au nanoparticles have found numerous applications in medicine as therapeutic agents in hyperthermia and also as probes based on their optical properties, specifically the resonance of the localized ...surface plasmon. Such a resonance enables the conversion of visible radiation into heat. Hence, it is important to characterize the thermooptical properties of nanofluids containing biocompatible nanoparticles. Herein, the nonlinear refractive index of nanofluids from the ring pattern of spatial self‐phase modulation of a Gaussian beam is obtained, and it is applied to a nanofluid containing Au nanoparticles capped with citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The results show that the nonlinear refractive index increases with the concentration of nanoparticles, being suitable candidates for applications in optical hyperthermia.
Au nanoparticles are suitable for some medical applications like optical hyperthermia due to their biocompatibility. Herein, a study of the nonlinear optical refraction of nanofluids containing Au nanoparticles capped with citrate (first layer) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (second layer) using the spatial self‐phase modulation technique with a laser of λ = 532 nm matching the localized surface plasmon resonance of the nanoparticles is reported.
We present a study on the photochemical reduction of gold ions for synthesizing citrate-capped Au nanoparticles (AuNP), employing UV (395 nm) and visible light of different wavelengths (473, 530, and ...650 nm) from high-power LEDs. UV-Vis spectra of the samples obtained with different wavelengths and times of irradiation were analyzed to determine the stability of the colloidal solution of nanoparticles and the kinetics of the production of nanoparticles. For all the evaluated conditions, the photochemical reduction follows the known sigmoidal law, with a fast nucleation phase and a growing phase, where speed becomes slower with the increase of the wavelength. AuNPs were obtained at all the employed wavelengths; nevertheless, the formation process was less efficient using larger wavelengths, producing also agglomeration and less rounded AuNPs.
This study focuses on understanding the ethnogeomorphological classifications proposed by rural family farmers, focusing on the similarities and differences of traditional/local knowledge about the ...terrestrial model. The ethnogeomorphological features identified were: low, coastal foot/slope foot, coastal/slope/cerrado region/hill or mount, and plateau, the recognition of which was based on topographic, pedological, and hydroclimatic aspects and vegetation. From this, it was inferred that agricultural practice associated with the main activities of land use and occupation enabled the recognition of local geomorphological features, as well as the variables that led rural family farmers to distinguish them, directly reflecting on the way how they use the land.
O estudo visacompreender as classificações etnogeomorfológicas propostas pelos agricultores familiares rurais, com enfoque nas similaridades e diferenças dos saberes tradicionais/locais sobre o modelado terrestre. Deste modo, as feições etnogeomorfológicas identificadas foram: baixa/baixão, pé da costaneira/pé da ladeira, costaneira/ladeira/serrado/subida ou morro e chapada, cujo reconhecimento se deu com base em aspectos topográficos, pedológicos, hidroclimáticos e vegetacionais. Depreendeu-se que a práticaagrícola associada as principais atividades de uso e ocupação do solo possibilitou o reconhecimento das feições geomorfológicas locais, bem como das variáveis que levaram os agricultores familiares rurais a distingui-las, refletindo diretamente no modo como usam a terra
El estudio tiene como objetivo comprender las clasificaciones etnogeomorfológicas propuestas por los agricultores familiares rurales, con un enfoque en las similitudes y diferencias del conocimiento tradicional/local sobre el modelo de la tierra. Las características etnogeomorfológicas identificadas fueron: Baja/Bajón, pie da costaneira/ pie da ladeira, costaneira/ladeira/serrado/subida o morro y maseta, que se reconocieron en función de aspectos topográficos, edafológicos, hidro climáticos y vegetacionales. Se observó que la práctica agrícola asociada a las principales actividades de uso y ocupación del suelo permitía reconocer los rasgos geomorfológicos locales, así como las variables que llevaban a los agricultores familiares rurales a distinguirlos, lo que reflejaba directamente su forma de utilizar el suelo.
In light of the already acknowledged underrepresentation of women in Computing, the ongoing project “Latin American Open Data for Gender Equality Policies Focusing on Leadership in STEM” aims to ...support the implementation of institutional policies to promote gender equality in STEM. Activity 4 of this project involves mapping 1the factors, actors and policies that influence the career development and leadership of women in STEM, as well as collecting and analyzing this data. To explore these factors, both a systematic mapping study and a grey literature mapping were conducted. The results encompass 8 types of contextual factors and 196 sub-factors. Some competency questions were also raised, providing valuable data for future steps.
Introdução: Estudo descritivo sobre a produção científica brasileira em ciências agrárias com base nos artigos científicos indexados na Scopus entre 2008-2017. Métodos: Utiliza indicadores ...bibliométricos de produção, e os softwares usados são BibExcel e Excel para visualizar características da área. O corpus é composto por 109.084 artigos científicos brasileiros indexados pela Scopus. Resultados: A pesquisa constatou que o crescimento da produção científica em ciências agrárias não é constante nos estados brasileiros e, ao examinar o perfil de publicação por estado federativo brasileiro, verificou-se que os estados investigados apresentaram preferência de publicação em periódicos nacionais. Essa constatação reitera os estudos anteriores e, deste modo, pôde-se dizer que é uma tendência de publicação nas ciências agrárias. Também se constatou que alguns estados, como Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, São Paulo e Ceará demonstram certa regionalidade no perfil de divulgação de sua produção científica, priorizando revistas locais para divulgar os resultados de suas pesquisas. Conclusão: Os resultados do estudo demonstram a heterogeneidade da distribuição da produção cientifica brasileira em ciências agrárias, destacando cada estado brasileiro.
Inga obtusata (Leguminosae) é uma espécie endêmica do Brasil, com ocorrência restrita ao estado do Amazonas, conforme a última revisão taxonômica para o gênero, bem como, na Flora do Brasil 2020. No ...entanto, dados online mostram a ocorrência da espécie em outros estados do Brasil. O trabalho teve como objetivo contribuir com à atual distribuição geográfica de I. obtusata, mediante análise de exsicata no Herbário da Amazônia Meridional (HERBAM) e dados online, oferecendo descrição morfológica, fotografias, comentários fitogeográficos e taxonômicos para a espécie. O estudo morfológico foi realizado no Laboratório de Morfologia Vegetal localizado no HERBAM, Campus Universitário de Alta Floresta, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso. O presente trabalho reafirma a ocorrência de Inga obtusata nos estados de Mato Grosso e Rondônia, além do Amazonas, com a presença de nectários extraflorais na nervura principal dos últimos pares de folíolos, informação inédita para a espécie. O trabalho mostra a importância das exsicatas digitalizadas em alta resolução, disponíveis online, nos estudos da flora brasileira.
Background: Vasospasm occurs in up to 40% of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) cases, leading to delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) in almost 30% of these episodes. Still, in underdeveloped ...countries, there is no consensual approach to its diagnosis, interventions and treatment, mostly because of the lack of resources. Our objectives were to compare the techniques employed in vasospasm management in both developed and underdeveloped countries, seeking for differences in treatments and their respective outcomes. Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature review using MEDLINE and SciELO databases. Data on locally widespread techniques were collected in a tertiary hospital of a city in the south of Brazil with 2 million inhabitants. Results: Although the most specific diagnosis method for DCI is based on clinical symptomatology, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and transcranial pler have been widely used and recommended. DSA is considered the gold standard; however, TCD is regarded as highly specific and sensitive for observing the middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries. Whether having a clinical or imaging diagnosis, both DCI prophylaxis and treatment are based on a potent calcium channel blocker, nimodipine (high (high quality of evidence, strong recommendation). However, in Brazil, there is no such endovenous medication, leaving treatment options to oral nimodipine, surgical interventions and hypertensive drugs only. Also, the public health insurance does not cover TCD monitoring, narrowing the chances of adequate diagnosis and therapeutic procedures. Conclusion: In an underdeveloped country, low financial and technological resources impact doctors' and patients' daily lives. However, new, low-cost solutions can arise. More investment is needed in research toward budgetary and scientific accessibility.
This study described the pathological aspects of a mature intracranial teratoma with meningocele in a one-day-old lamb. The diagnosis of mature teratoma was based on microscopic features, where ...well-differentiated tissues representative of the three germ layers were observed. The tumor consisted of respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary epithelium as components of the endoderm; muscle and bone tissues as components of the mesoderm; and keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and adnexa as components of the ectoderm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of intracranial teratoma with meningocele in animals.
RESUMO: Descrevem-se os aspectos patológicos de um teratoma intracraniano benigno com meningocele em um cordeiro de um dia de idade. O diagnóstico de teratoma benigno foi baseado nos achados histopatológicos, com tecidos representativos das três camadas germinativas. O tumor consistia de epitélio respiratório, gastrintestinal e urinário como componentes do endoderma; tecido muscular e ósseo do mesoderma; e epitélio escamoso estratificado queratinizado e anexos como componentes do ectoderma. Com base no conhecimento dos autores, este é o primeiro relato de teratoma intracraniano com meningocele em animais.
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