The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 1750 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug ...targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.13348/full. G protein‐coupled receptors are one of the eight major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ligand‐gated ion channels, voltage‐gated ion channels, other ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The Concise Guide is published in landscape format in order to facilitate comparison of related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2015, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in the previous Guides to Receptors & Channels and the Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14. It is produced in conjunction with NC‐IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR‐DB and GRAC and provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates.
Background
The demand for bariatric surgery is high and so is the need for training future bariatric surgeons. Bariatric surgery, as a technically demanding surgery, imposes a learning curve that may ...initially induce higher morbidity. In order to limit the clinical impact of this learning curve, a simulation preclinical training can be offered. The aim of the work was to assess the realism of a new cadaveric model for simulated bariatric surgery (sleeve and Roux in Y gastric bypass).
Aim
A face validation study of SimLife, a new dynamic cadaveric model of simulated body for acquiring operative skills by simulation. The objectives of this study are first of all to measure the realism of this model, the satisfaction of learners, and finally the ability of this model to facilitate a learning process.
Methods
SimLife technology is based on a fresh body (frozen/thawed) given to science associated to a patented technical module, which can provide pulsatile vascularization with simulated blood heated to 37 °C and ventilation.
Results
Twenty-four residents and chief residents from 3 French University Digestive Surgery Departments were enrolled in this study. Based on their evaluation, the overall satisfaction of the cadaveric model was rated as 8.52, realism as 8.91, anatomic correspondence as 8.64, and the model’s ability to be learning tool as 8.78.
Conclusion
The use of the SimLife model allows proposing a very realistic surgical simulation model to realistically train and objectively evaluate the performance of young surgeons.
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the solid cancers associated with the poorest prognosis; the only curative treatment remains surgical resection but in most cases, this treatment is not possible ...because of distant metastasis or local extension. Irreversible electroporation is a new tumor ablation technique, which provides cellular apoptosis without any thermal coagulation effect. This technique helps preserve the ducts, vessels or nerves located in the treatment area. This article reviews the current knowledge regarding the use of electroporation for the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
The measurement of the direction of WIMP-induced nuclear recoils is a compelling but technologically challenging strategy to provide an unambiguous signature of the detection of Galactic dark matter. ...Most directional detectors aim to reconstruct the dark-matter-induced nuclear recoil tracks, either in gas or solid targets. The main challenge with directional detection is the need for high spatial resolution over large volumes, which puts strong requirements on the readout technologies. In this paper we review the various detector readout technologies used by directional detectors. In particular, we summarize the challenges, advantages and drawbacks of each approach, and discuss future prospects for these technologies.
La demande de chirurgie bariatrique est importante et celle de formation des chirurgiens bariatrique aussi. La formation théorique universitaire, diplomante est associée à des stages au sein ...d’équipes référentes. La chirurgie bariatrique impose une courbe d’apprentissage qui peut, initialement, être associée à une morbidité plus élevée. Pour limiter l’impact de cet apprentissage, une formation préclinique par simulation peut être proposée. Le but du travail est d’évaluer le réalisme d’un nouveau modèle cadavérique d’enseignement par simulation de la chirurgie bariatrique.
The demand for bariatric surgery is high and so is the demand for training bariatric surgeons. The theoretical university training leading to a diploma is combined with internships in reference teams. Bariatric surgery imposes a learning curve that may initially induce higher morbidity. To limit the impact of this learning, preclinical training by simulation can be offered. The aim of the work is to evaluate the realismof a new cadaveric model simulating bariatric surgery.
In initial surgical formation and continuing surgical education, simulation has become a compulsory technique. Just as becoming an airplane pilot requires skills, the acquisition of technical skills ...is essential to becoming a surgeon. The old apprenticeship model “I see, I do, and I teach” is no longer entirely compatible with the socio-economic constraints of the operating room, demands for guaranteeing patient safety, and the compulsory reduction in resident working hours. We propose a new surgical simulation model, using cadavers donated to science that are rendered dynamic with pulsatile vascularization and ventilation. Such models are available for simulation of both open surgery and laparoscopy. Surgery on a human body donated to science makes it possible to accurately reproduce the hand gestures characteristic of surgical procedures. Learning in an appropriate and realistic simulation context increases the level of skills acquired by residents and reduces stress and anxiety when they come to perform real procedures.
The goal of this study was to prospectively compare the sensitivity of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with that of multiphase multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) in the preoperative ...detection of hepatic metastases.
Forty-eight patients, with a mean age of 62years old (range: 43–85years) were prospectively included. All patients underwent CEUS following intravenous administration of 2.4mL of an ultrasound contrast agent (Sonovue®, Bracco, Milan, Italy) and multiphase MDCT. Intraoperative ultrasound examination (IOUS) was used as the standard of reference.
A total of 158 liver metastases were identified by IOUS, 127 by preoperative MDCT (sensitivity; 80.4%) and 102 by CEUS (sensitivity, 64.5%). The 15.9% difference in sensitivity between CEUS and MDCT was statistically significant (P=0.002). There was a disagreement between IOUS and CEUS in 23 patients (47%) and in 13 patients (27%) between IOUS and MDCT. MDCT identified one or more additional metastases in 10 patients (20%) resulting in a change in the surgical strategy.
Based on an unselected patient cohort and using multiphase MDCT, CEUS is significantly inferior to MDCT for the preoperative detection of hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer.
Summary Introduction Alike becoming a pilot requires competences, acquisition of technical skills is essential to become a surgeon. Halsted's theory on surgical education “See one, do one, and teach ...one” is not currently compatible with the reality of socio-economic constraints of the operating room, the patient's safety demand and the reduction of residents’ work hours. Materiel and methods In all countries, this brings mandatory to simulation education for surgery resident's training. Many models are available: video trainers or pelvi-trainers, computed simulator, animal models or human cadaver… Human cadaveric dissection has long been used to teach surgical anatomy. Results Surgery on human cadaveric model brings greatest accuracy to the haptic characteristics of surgical procedures. Learning in an appropriate and realistic simulation context increases the level of acquisition of the residents’ skills and reduces stress and anxiety when performing real procedures. Conclusion We present a technique of perfusion and ventilation of a fresh human cadaver that restores pulsatile circulation and respiratory movements of the model.
Hi-GAL: The Herschel Infrared Galactic Plane Survey Molinari, S.; Swinyard, B.; Bernard, J.-P. ...
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific,
03/2010, Volume:
122, Issue:
889
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Hi-GAL, the Herschel infrared Galactic Plane Survey, is an Open Time Key Project of theHerschel Space Observatory. It will make an unbiased photometric survey of the inner Galactic plane by mapping ...a2°
2
°
wide strip in the longitude range∣l∣ < 60°
∣
l
∣
<
60
°
in five wavebands between 70 μm and 500 μm. The aim of Hi-GAL is to detect the earliest phases of the formation of molecular clouds and high-mass stars and to use the optimum combination ofHerschelwavelength coverage, sensitivity, mapping strategy, and speed to deliver a homogeneous census of star-forming regions and cold structures in the interstellar medium. The resulting representative samples will yield the variation of source temperature, luminosity, mass and age in a wide range of Galactic environments at all scales from massive YSOs in protoclusters to entire spiral arms, providing an evolutionary sequence for the formation of intermediate and high-mass stars. This information is essential to the formulation of a predictive global model of the role of environment and feedback in regulating the star-formation process. Such a model is vital to understanding star formation on galactic scales and in the early universe. Hi-GAL will also provide a science legacy for decades to come with incalculable potential for systematic and serendipitous science in a wide range of astronomical fields, enabling the optimum use of future major facilities such asJWSTand ALMA.
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 1750 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug ...targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.13352/full. Nuclear hormone receptors are one of the eight major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein‐coupled receptors, ligand‐gated ion channels, voltage‐gated ion channels, other ion channels, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The Concise Guide is published in landscape format in order to facilitate comparison of related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2015, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in the previous Guides to Receptors & Channels and the Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14. It is produced in conjunction with NC‐IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR‐DB and GRAC and provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates.
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