Correction for 'Rational synthesis of 10GDC electrolyte through a microwave irradiation GNP facile route for SOFC applications' by S. P. S. Shaikh
et al.
,
RSC Adv.
, 2020,
10
, 3020-3028,
...https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA09476H
.
The gadolinium-doped ceria Gd
0.1
Ce
0.9
O
1.95
(10GDC) powder was synthesized using a microwave-synthesized glycine nitrate process (MS-GNP). The powder was subsequently pressed into circular ...pellets and sintered at various temperatures
viz.
800, 900, 1000 and 1200 °C, in a microwave, high temperature furnace for 4 h so as to investigate the effect of the sintering temperature and sintering environment on the structural, morphological, thermal and electrical properties. The crystallite size and particle size as observed from X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) are found to be in the range of 15-28 nm and 12-20 nm, respectively. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis was carried out to study the electrochemical properties during the cooling cycle from 400 °C to 800 °C. The highest value of ionic conductivity (3.55 × 10
−1
S cm
−1
) is observed at an operating temperature of 800 °C and O
2
gas partial pressure of 1 atm. Further, it is observed that the sintering temperature has a significant effect on the surface morphology and crystallite size, thereby improving the electrical performance of the samples. Though 20GDC was used as an electrolyte in the authors' previous study, the novelty of the present work is the synthesis of 10GDC using a microwave-assisted glycine nitrate process and the size (thickness) of the prepared electrolyte for use in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), which plays a major role in enhancing the structural, morphological and electrochemical properties with respect to different sintering temperatures as compared to the reported data. Hence, the prepared 10GDC electrolyte may be treated as one of the promising candidates as an electrolyte for SOFC for intermediate as well as high temperature applications.
The gadolinium-doped ceria Gd
0.1
Ce
0.9
O
1.95
(10GDC) powder was synthesized using a microwave-synthesized glycine nitrate process (MS-GNP).
The present project investigated the hygrothermal performance and risk of mould growth in solid masonry walls fitted with three diffusion-open capillary active interior insulation systems installed ...in containers with a controlled indoor climate. The project was carried out as a large experimental study in two 40-feet reefer containers reconfigured with 24 holes (1 × 2 m), in which solid masonry walls with embedded wooden elements were installed. The focus of the study was on the conditions in the interface between the masonry and the interior insulation, and in the embedded wooden elements. The effect of exterior hydrophobisation was also investigated. Relative humidity and temperature were measured at several locations in the test walls over a period of four years. The findings indicate that exposed walls with interior insulation and high indoor RH performed poorly in terms of the risk of mould growth. Combined with exterior hydrophobisation against driving rain, the semi diffusion-tight insulation system performed better than the highly diffusion-open systems. Good performance was observed for the semi diffusion-tight polyurethane foam insulation with calcium silicate channels combined with exterior hydrophobisation. The effect of hydrophobisation varied with the orientation. Mould observations found no growth in the interface in most walls, probably because the high alkalinity of the adhesive mortars and scarce nutrition prevented growth. Growth was however found in some walls having low alkalinity and possibly available nutrition. Little correlation was found between on-site and modelled mould growth.
•Hygrothermal assessment of three diffusion-open capillary active insulation systems.•Investigation of the effect of exterior hydrophobisation of solid masonry.•Poor hygrothermal performance was seen for all systems without hydrophobisation.•Good performance for PUR foam with calcium silicate channel when hydrophobised.•High pH of adhesive mortars seems to prevent mould growth behind the insulation.
The long stretch of coastline on either side of the Indian peninsula is subjected to varied coastal processes and anthropogenic pressures, which makes the coast vulnerable to erosion. There is no ...systematic inventory of shoreline changes occurring along the entire Indian coast on 1 : 25,000 scale, which is required for planning measures to be taken up for protecting the coast at the national level. It is in this context that shoreline change mapping on 1 : 25,000 scale for the entire Indian coast based on multidate satellite data in GIS environment has been carried out for 1989–1991 and 2004–2006 time frame. The present communication discusses salient observations and results from the shoreline change inventory. The results show that 3829 km (45.5%) of the coast is under erosion, 3004 km (35.7%) is getting accreted, while 1581 km (18.8%) of the coast is more or less stable in nature. Highest percentage of shoreline under erosion is in the Nicobar Islands (88.7), while the percentage of accreting coastline is highest for Tamil Nadu (62.3) and Goa has the highest percentage of stable shoreline (52.4). The analysis shows that the Indian coast has lost a net area of about 73 sq. km during 1989–1991 and 2004–2006 time frame. In Tamil Nadu, a net area of about 25.45 sq. km has increased due to accretion, while along the Nicobar Islands about 93.95 sq. km is lost due to erosion. The inventory has been used to prepare a Shoreline Change Atlas of the Indian Coast.
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► Cu catalysts prepared by co-precipitation using various alkalies and also by solid state fusion. ► Physico-chemical characteristics varied dramatically with the change in alkali as ...well as preparation methods. ► CAP (Na2CO3) catalyst showed major phase of metallic Cu having well segregated particles of 5–8nm. ► CAP (Na2CO3) catalyst gave the highest glycerol conversion of 62% with 88% selectivity to 1,2-PDO.
Cu based catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation, alkali fusion followed by precipitation and direct solid state fusion methods. The changes in the phase formation, morphology, crystallite size, extent of aggregation, strength and nature of acid sites were observed due to variations in precipitating agents and also their order of addition. The catalyst prepared by co-precipitation using Na2CO3 showed the predominant presence of metallic Cu phase with a crystallite size of 5nm, well segregated spherical morphology and highest acidity in the activated sample. These intrinsic properties contributed to achieve the highest glycerol conversion of 62% and 1,2-PDO selectivity of 88% in glycerol hydrogenolysis.
Haiti has the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) in the Americas, with an estimated prevalence of 254 per 100 000 population. The Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic ...Infections (Groupe Haïtien d'Etude du Sarcome de Kaposi et des Infections Opportunistes, GHESKIO) conducted active case finding (ACF) for TB at the household level in nine slums in Port-au-Prince.
We report on the prevalence of undiagnosed TB detected through GHESKIO's ACF campaign.
From 1 August 2014 to 31 July 2015, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using GHESKIO's ACF campaign data. All individuals who reported chronic cough (cough 2 weeks) were tested for TB at GHESKIO, and those aged 10 years were included in the analyses.
Of 104 097 individuals screened in the community, 5598 (5%) reported chronic cough and satisfied the study inclusion criteria. A total of 1110 (20%) were diagnosed with active TB disease (prevalence of 1066/100 000). Of the 5472 (98%) patients tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 528 (10%) were HIV-positive; 143 (3%) patients were diagnosed with both diseases.
Household-level screening for cough with TB and HIV testing for symptomatic patients was a high-yield strategy, leading to the detection of a prevalence of undiagnosed disease exceeding national estimates by more than four-fold for TB, and by five-fold for HIV.
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) has been investigated in ultrathin (CoFe 0.2nm/Pt 0.2nm)n multilayers. The Pt layers show an fcc crystal structure with a preferred 111 orientation. The ...multilayers with n=3, 4 show PMA in the as-grown state, which can be enhanced by thermal annealing. However, no PMA is observed in the as-grown state with higher repetitions (n>&=5), although it is observed after thermal annealing. For 1=&<n=&<8, the anisotropy energy is around 105J/m3 for all (CoFe 0.2/Pt 0.2)n stacks. The perpendicular anisotropy is related to layer thickness and interface roughness.
► We investigated PMA in ultrathin (CoFe 0.2nm/Pt 0.2nm)n multilayers. ► The amplitudes of coercivity and saturation depend on the structural characteristics of layers. ► Coercivity and saturation also depend on the metallic and magnetic layer thickness. ► A very tiny increase in the layer thickness can greatly improve the PMA, which is tunable.
Studies considering the risk of atherosclerotic disease (AtD) associated with the use of HAART have reported inconsistent results.
Data on antiretroviral therapy (ART) use, risk factors for ...cardiovascular disease (CVD), AtD and death from other causes in 18 603 HIV-infected patients from two established cohorts were evaluated. The relative hazards of AtD and death from other causes were calculated using a proportional hazards competing risks framework. The impact of protease inhibitor (PI)-containing, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-containing or PI + NNRTI-containing regimens on these outcomes were compared to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-only regimens or stopping therapy, adjusting for known CVD risk factors.
In 77 480 person-years of follow-up (median duration 3.49 years) there were 318 AtD events including 92 myocardial infarctions and 2044 deaths. Older age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, having smoked and HIV disease stage were significantly associated with increased risk of AtD. PI- and NNRTI-containing regimens significantly reduced the joint risk of either AtD or death from other causes compared to NRTI-only or stopping therapy hazard ratio (HR) for PI-containing ART, 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.73-0.78, P< 0.001; NNRTI-containing ART, 0.69, 95% CI, 0.65-0.74; P< 0.001). PI-containing ART was associated with a borderline significant increased risk of myocardial infarction (cause-specific HR for PI-containing ART 1.19, 95% CI, 1.01-1.40, P = 0.04) but not with increased risk of AtD compared to NRTI-only regimens or stopping therapy (cause-specific HR for PI-containing ART, 1.03, 95% CI, 0.95-1.13, P = 0.44).
Overall benefits of PI- and NNRTI-based ART in reducing mortality significantly outweigh any risks of AtD in the "short-term" follow-up of this study. Traditional cardiac risk factors play an important role in determining AtD risk status.
Excessive amounts of nutrients and dissolved organic matter in freshwater bodies affect aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the spatial and temporal variability in nitrate (NO3−), dissolved organic ...carbon (DOC) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) was analyzed in the Selke (Germany) river continuum from three headwaters draining 1–3 km2 catchments to two downstream reaches representing spatially integrated signals from 184–456 km2 catchments. Three headwater catchments were selected as archetypes of the main landscape units (land use × lithology) present in the Selke catchment. Export regimes in headwater catchments were interpreted in terms of NO3−, DOC and SRP land-to-stream transfer processes. Headwater signals were subtracted from downstream signals, with the differences interpreted in terms of in-stream processes and contributions from point sources. The seasonal dynamics for NO3− were opposite those of DOC and SRP in all three headwater catchments, and spatial differences also showed NO3− contrasting with DOC and SRP. These dynamics were interpreted as the result of the interplay of hydrological and biogeochemical processes, for which riparian zones were hypothesized to play a determining role. In the two downstream reaches, NO3− was transported almost conservatively, whereas DOC was consumed and produced in the upper and lower river sections, respectively. The natural export regime of SRP in the three headwater catchments mimicked a point-source signal (high SRP during summer low flow), which may lead to overestimation of domestic contributions in the downstream reaches. Monitoring the river continuum from headwaters to downstream reaches proved effective to jointly investigate land-to-stream and in-stream transport, and transformation processes.
Two experiments with sheep were performed to test the efficacy of a linoleic acid-rich sunflower seed oil as a supplement to barley silage-based diet (6% of the dietary dry matter) to suppress ...protozoal numbers in the rumen and measure effects of the oil on the growth performance and tissue content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). In the first experiment, rumen contents were sampled (2
h after feeding) from the two treatment groups of five rumen cannulated sheep on each day 0–14, and on days 16, 19, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49. The pH and protozoal counts were determined in each sample, while volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen were determined in samples from days 7, 14, 21 and 49. In the second experiment, nine lambs were fed each of the two diets for 168 days. Thereafter, the lambs were harvested and samples of diaphragm muscle, leg muscle, rib muscle, heart, liver, kidney and subcutaneous fat were analyzed for lipid and fatty acid concentrations. Feeding the oil supplement decreased (
P<0.05) the total protozoal numbers in rumen fluid samples from approximately 1,000,000 to less than 200,000
ml
−1 within 6 days and maintained low numbers thereafter. This was associated with higher (
P<0.05) pH on days 9 to 12, 21, 35, 42 and 49 and lower (
P<0.05) concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total VFA. However, average daily gain, daily dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass weight and clean fleece weight were not affected (
P>0.05) by feeding of oil. The CLA content was increased (
P<0.05) by dietary supplementation of the oil in tissue samples of diaphragm muscle (55%), leg muscle (37%), rib muscle (33%) and subcutaneous fat (33%). It was concluded that sunflower seed oil reduced rumen fauna and the C16:0 proportion of fat, while increasing C18:2 and CLA content in the muscle and fat tissues.
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