Inclusive physical activity games at school can be useful for teachers dealing with students with disabilities. The use of inclusive strategies and games can be directly linked to teachers' ...self-efficacy and familiarity with the inclusive strategies, while it could be indirectly influenced by their attitude toward inclusion and, in a smaller part, by social desirability in their response. Moreover, teachers' responses could be different among the different school grades. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to investigate the role of attitude toward inclusion, social desirability, self-efficacy, and familiarity in the use of physical activity games at school in teachers from all school grades.
A sample of 1,583 schoolteachers was asked to fill out a questionnaire about their perceptions of governmental measures, self-efficacy, familiarity with inclusive strategies through physical activity, and two standardized questionnaires assessing attitudes toward inclusion and social desirability.
Teachers from primary school reported lower scores in attitude toward inclusion total score and dimensions, namely impact on teacher, impact on the environment, impact on the other children, and impact on the student with disability. Moreover, the path analysis model showed that the attitude toward inclusion indirectly influenced the use of inclusive strategy and had a small direct effect on familiarity with inclusive strategies and self-efficacy. Social desirability slightly influenced both familiarity and self-efficacy but not the use of inclusive strategies. Familiarity and self-efficacy had a direct effect on the use of inclusive physical activity games.
The results of the current study suggest that being familiar with and having a high self-efficacy in implementing inclusive strategies are well related to the use of inclusive strategies at school. In addition, more attention should be given to kindergarten and primary school teachers, who reported lower scores in the attitude toward inclusion and higher scores in social desirability.
This report aims to provide a better understanding of physical activity (PA) and related factors among Spanish children and adolescents living with disabilities. The 10 indicators used for the Global ...Matrix on Para Report Cards of children and adolescents living with disabilities were evaluated based on the best available data in Spain. An analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats based on data provision was drafted by three experts and critically reviewed by the authorship team to provide a national perspective for each evaluated indicator. Government was the indicator with the highest grade (C+), followed by Sedentary Behaviors (C-), School (D), Overall PA (D-), and Community & Environment (F). The remaining indicators received an incomplete grade. There were low levels of PA in Spanish children and adolescents living with disabilities. Yet, opportunities to improve the current surveillance of PA among this population exist.
Low back pain (LBP) is the most common overuse musculoskeletal injury suffered by child equestrian athletes (CEA). Despite this, little is known about the risk factors related to LBP in these ...athletes, and very limited research has been conducted on this topic. This study was designed to investigate predictive risk factors for LBP in CEA. The purposes of this research were to determine whether anthropometric, range of motion (ROM), core endurance and sagittal spinal morphotype measures are risk factors for LBP and to establish a diagnostic cutoff value for those factors associated with LBP. Nineteen CEA between the ages of 12 and 17 years were voluntarily recruited. Potential risk factors evaluated included corporal composition, lower limb ROM, core endurance and sagittal spinal measures. Associations and predictions were calculated between these risk factors and the LBP during the last 12 months. Almost half of the CEA have suffered at least one episode of LBP. Two risk factors and cutoff values were identified as predictors of LBP in CEA: having a high body fat higher than 23% (p = 0.01) and trunk lateral flexor endurance lower to 65 s (p = 0.021), body fat being the strongest predictor.
To explore sagittal spinal alignment and pelvic disposition of schoolchildren in a slump sitting position is needed in order to establish preventive educational postural programs. The purposes of ...this study were to describe sagittal spinal alignment and pelvic tilt (LSA) in a slump sitting position and to explore the association of sagittal spine and pelvic tilt with back pain (BP) among 8-12-year-old children. It was a cross-sectional study. Sagittal spinal curvatures, BP and pelvic tilt were assessed in 582 students from 14 elementary schools. It was found that 53.44% of children had slight thoracic hyperkyphosis and that 48.80% presented moderate lumbar hyperkyphosis and 38.66% presented slight lumbar hyperkyphosis. Those who did not suffer from BP in any part of the back had a higher lumbar kyphosis (24.64 ± 7.84) or a greater LSA (107.27 ± 5.38) than children who had some type of BP in the previous year or week (lumbar kyphosis: 23.08 ± 8.06; LSA: 105.52 ± 6.00), although with no clinically relevant differences. In fact, neither sufferers nor those who did not have BP presented normal mean values for lumbar kyphosis or LSA according to normality references. This study demonstrates the need to assess sagittal morphotype in childhood since schoolchildren remain incorrectly seated for many hours and it greatly affects their spinal curvatures.
The sagittal spinal morphology presents 4 physiological curvatures that increase endurance to axial compression forces and allow adequate postural balance. These curves must remain within normal ...ranges to achieve a static and dynamic balance, a correct functioning of the muscles and an adequate distribution of the loads, and thus minimize the injury risk. The purpose of this study was to categorize the sagittal spinal alignment according to the different morphotypes obtained for each curve in standing, slump sitting, and trunk forward bending positions in schoolchildren. It was a cross-sectional study. Sagittal spinal curvatures were assessed in 731 students from 16 elementary schools. In the sagittal standing position assessment, 70.45% and 89.06% of schoolchildren presented a "normal" morphotype for both dorsal and lumbar curves, respectively. After the application of the "Sagittal Integral Morphotype" protocol according to the morphotypes obtained in the three positions assessment (standing, slump sitting, and trunk forward bending), it was observed how the frequency of normal morphotypes for the dorsal and lumbar curve decreased considerably (only 32% and 6.6% of children obtained a "normal sagittal integral morphotype" for the thoracic and lumbar curvatures, respectively). These results show how it is necessary to include the slump sitting and trunk forward bending assessment as part of the protocol to define the "integral" sagittal alignment of the spine and establish a correct diagnosis. The use of the diagnostic classification presented in this study will allow early detection of misalignment not identified with the assessment of standing position.
The child's spine shows changes in posture and balance of its curvatures during growth and musculoskeletal spinal conditions are likely to develop, such as back pain (BP).
The purposes of this study ...were (a) to describe the sagittal spinal alignment in a relaxed standing position and (b) to analyze its association with BP among 8 to 12-year-old children.
This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 731 elementary schoolchildren (379 girls and 352 boys), from 16 Spanish schools, participated. An unilevel inclinometer was used to quantify the sagittal spinal curvatures (thoracic and lumbar) in a relaxed standing position. Sagittal spinal morphotype was analyzed by sex, age, weight, height, and BMI. Children's parents or legal guardians filled in a questionnaire according to the children's responses about the BP suffered in the previous week and the preceding year.
The mean angular value of thoracic kyphosis was 36.08 ± 8.99∘ and significantly higher in males than in females (p= 0.036). In contrast, the mean value of lumbar lordosis was 32.11 ± 7.46∘, being higher in females than in men (p< 0.01). The thoracic curve tends to increase by age (p= 0.003). Children who had low back pain (LBP) in the previous week had a significantly greater lumbar curve (35.88 ± 8.20∘) than those who did not have LBP in the preceding week (32.24 ± 7.30∘). The angle for lumbar curvature was a small predictor of LBP occurrence in the assessed children (OR = 1.082 small; 95% CI = 1.009-1.160, p= 0.028).
To conclude, almost 3/4 of the students were classified with normal thoracic kyphosis; however, 27.36% of the students had thoracic hyperkyphosis. Lumbar hyperlordosis was identified in 9.05% of the students, and was 2.5 times more frequent in girls. The lumbar curvature was a small predictor of LBP occurrence in the assessed children and the angle of lumbar curvature that most accurately identified individuals at risk of developing LBP was determined to be 33∘. The results of this study indicate the need to assess sagittal spinal curvatures at school during development ages.
Knowledge on back care is important to prevent back problems. The purpose of this study was to a) describe back pain and knowledge on back care related to physical activity in adolescents and b) ...determine the association between these two factors. This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 276 students (aged from 12 to 17 years old), from three Spanish public secondary schools, had to complete a survey about back pain and another one about their knowledge on back care related to physical activity. The results showed a mean score of 2.54 ± 1.85 (out of 10), and 90.58% of students failed the knowledge test. Those who suffered from back pain in the week before scored higher (2.91 ± 1.66) than non-sufferers (2.42 ± 1.90), with statistically significant differences (Z = −2.109; p = 0.035; r = 0.127), although with no academically relevant differences. Finally, despite the relationship between a higher mean score in the knowledge test and back pain within the previous week, it has been found that there was not a significant association because most of the students got very low scores in the knowledge test. It also shows an important lack of knowledge about physical activity for back care in adolescents.
Objetivos: El objetivo fue describir el uso y transporte de la mochila de los escolares de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, así como analizar la asociación entre éste y el dolor de espalda. Método: ...Utilizando un diseño transversal, se administró una encuesta a 275 adolescentes de 12 a 18 años. Resultados: El 98,91% de los escolares utilizaban mochila, el 65,45% pensaban que su mochila era demasiado pesada, y el 72% del alumnado desconocía cuánto pesaba su mochila con el material escolar dentro. Se determinó asociación significativa entre el dolor de espalda y la sensación de que la mochila sea demasiado pesada, así como entre el dolor de espalda y el desconocer el peso de la mochila. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los adolescentes utilizan mochila y la transportan sobre los dos hombros. Sentir que la mochila pesa demasiado y no conocer su peso han sido factores asociados al dolor de espalda.
“Ithaka” es una creación artística coreográfica, realizada en el marco del programa cultural europeo, Europa Creativa. Esta pieza fue representada el 29 de noviembre de 2019 en el Campus del ...Monasterio de los Jerónimos, que alberga la Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia. La obra coreográfica se inspira en la obra homónima del poeta Constantino Petrou Cavafis, basada en La Odisea, poema épico griego compuesto por 24 cantos y atribuido al poeta griego Homero del siglo VIII a. C. La búsqueda y el viaje como temática aparecen en ambas obras y forman parte del reencuentro con la identidad del ser humano. Por otro lado, la danza contemporánea es el lenguaje y medio de unión entre los intérpretes con el entorno y la narrativa de la obra del poeta.
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