A compact, electrically driven light source integrated on silicon is a key component for large-scale integration of electronic and photonic integrated circuits. Here we demonstrate electrically ...injected continuous-wave lasing in InP-based microdisk lasers coupled to a sub-micron silicon wire waveguide, fabricated through heterogeneous integration of InP on silicon-on-insulator (SOI). The InP-based microdisk has a diameter of 7.5 mum and a thickness of 1 mum. A tunnel junction was incorporated to efficiently contact the p-side of the pn-junction. The laser emits at 1.6 mum, with a threshold current as low as 0.5 mA under continuous-wave operation at room temperature, and a threshold voltage of 1.65 V. The SOI-coupled laser slope efficiency was estimated to be 30 muW/mA, with a maximum unidirectional output power of 10 muW.
Two-dimensional (2-D) compact photonic crystal reflectors on suspended InP membranes were studied under normal incidence. We report the first experimental demonstration of 2-D broadband reflectors ...(experimental stopband superior to 200 nm, theoretical stopband of 350 nm). They are based on the coupling of free space waves with two slow Bloch modes of the crystal. Moreover, they present a very strong sensitivity of the polarization dependence, when modifying their geometry. A compact (50×50 μm 2 ) demonstrator was realized and characterized, behaving either as a broadband reflector or as a broadband transmitter, depending on the polarization of the incident wave. Experimental results are in good agreement with numerical simulations.
III-V/Si photonics by die-to-wafer bonding Roelkens, G.; Van Campenhout, J.; Brouckaert, J. ...
Materials today (Kidlington, England),
07/2007, Volume:
10, Issue:
7-8
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Photonic integrated circuits offer the potential of realizing low-cost, compact optical functions. Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) is a promising material platform for this photonic integration, as one ...can rely on the massive electronics processing infrastructure to process the optical components. However, the integration of a Si laser is hampered by its indirect bandgap. Here, we present the integration of a direct bandgap III-V epitaxial layer on top of the SOI waveguide layer by means of a die-to-wafer bonding process in order to realize near-infrared laser emission on and coupled to SOI.
It is emphasized that two‐dimensional photonic crystals (2D PC) have not only a great potential for the development of 2D nanophotonics in the inplane waveguided configuration, but that they may also ...open the way to other brilliant developments, with an extension to out‐of‐plane operation, along a 2.5D nanophotonics approach. In this 2.5D approach, a 1D–2D high index contrast lateral structuration is combined with a 1D high index contrast vertical structuration, using multilayer membrane stacks including 1D–2D photonic crystal membranes, thus resulting in so‐called 2.5D PC. As a specific illustration of recent achievements along this approach, new families of VCSEL structures are presented.
Two‐dimensional photonic crystals (2D PC) have a great potential for the development of 2D nanophotonics in the inplane waveguided configuration, and may also open the way to other brilliant developments, with an extension to out‐of‐plane operation, along a 2.5D nanophotonics approach. In this 2.5D approach, a 1D–2D high index contrast lateral structuration is combined with a 1D high index contrast vertical structuration, using multilayer membrane stacks, thus resulting in so‐called 2.5D PC. As a specific illustration of recent achievements along this approach, new families of VCSEL structures are presented.
A study of vertical coupling conditions between microdisk based resonators and waveguides is presented using an analytical model. The coupling efficiency optimization is investigated and compared to ...3D FDTD computations. We also demonstrate that coupling losses can be exploited to favor high quality factor modes in circular resonators. In addition, we propose to modify the shape of the coupled waveguide to enhance mode selectivity and obtain a very compact structure with mode hoping capacities. Lower thresholds and modulation are also expected.
One- and two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs have numerous applications in integrated optics. Unfortunately, due to their finite height, their in-plane guided modes can suffer outcoupling losses. ...Although considered as detrimental in the context of the development of photonic integrated circuits, it turns that the coupling of waveguided modes to radiative modes can be usefully exploited for the manipulation of photons in free space. It is shown in this paper that interaction of radiative and guided modes through a photonic crystal, especially under conditions where the latter correspond to extrema of the dispersion characteristics of the photonic crystal, results in resonance phenomena, which can be used practically for the development of new classes of devices, e.g., combining photonic crystal and microoptoelectromechanical systems structures.
We report on the performance of a compact multi- wavelength laser (MWL) source heterogeneously integrated with and coupled to a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide circuit. The MWL consists of four ...InP-based microdisk lasers, coupled to a common SOI wire waveguide. The microdisk lasers operate in continuous-wave regime at room temperature, with a threshold current around 0.9 mA and a waveguide-coupled slope efficiency of up to 8 muW/mA, for a microdisk diameter of 7.5 mum. The output spectrum contains four laser peaks uniformly distributed within the free-spectral range of a single microdisk. While thermal crosstalk is negligible, laser peak output powers vary up to 8 dB for equal microdisk drive currents, as a result of loss due to coupling with higher order modes supported by the 1-mum-thick microdisks. This nonuniformity could be eliminated by reducing the microdisk thickness.
2D photonic crystal (2DPC) structures consisting in 2D silicon nanopillar arrays in silica are investigated. The main motivation of this work lies in that 2D rod arrays should be easily combined with ...refractive structures (e. g. micro-wire waveguides), unlike 2DPC consisting in hole lattices. Such an association is expected to lead to both new functionalities and larger scale integration. In this paper, we study the loss mechanism for non degenerated Bloch modes located at Gamma-point in a 2DPC slab constituted by a square lattice of silicon rods in silica. For such modes, we show that the quality factor is mainly governed by the lateral losses. To further inhibit the lateral losses, a photonic heterostructure is used. 3D FDTD calculations show that quality factors of 4000 are achieved. To reduce the vertical losses, the 2DPC heterostructure is associated with a vertical Bragg mirror, thus resulting in very high quality factors (>40000).
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