The article is devoted to the formation of mechanisms for the development of innovative activity in the industry of Russia. The paper identifies factors that impede the transition of industrial ...production to an innovative development path, among which the authors highlighted a drop in investment in the Russian economy, a lack of staff and an imperfection of infrastructure support, and a decrease in the commercial interest of industrial enterprises. Based on the results, a system of innovative development of industrial production was proposed, which consists in a balance of negative and positive factors, as well as the need for the participation of the private sector, government agencies and public institutions in shaping the prerequisites for the transition of the economy to an innovative development path. In conclusion, the study presents the main findings and results of the work.
The partial and integral mixing enthalpies of Cu-Yb melts were first determined at 1453 K in the composition range 0 <
x
Cu
<0.7 by isoperibolic calorimetry. The Cu–Yb melts were established to form ...with the release of a small amount of heat: minimum mixing enthalpy ∆H = –9.7 ± 0.8 (at
x
Cu
= 0.7), which agrees with the published data for these melts in the composition range 0 <
x
Yb
< 0.3 at 1453 K and for other Cu–Ln systems. The model of ideal associated solutions was used to optimize and calculate all thermodynamic properties (Gibbs energies, enthalpies, and entropies of formation) for melts, intermetallic compounds, and associates in the Cu–Yb system. The calculated activities of components in the melts of this system exhibited moderate negative deviations from ideal solutions. The calculations with the ideal associated solution model also showed that
Δ
H
¯
Yb
∞
increased insignificantly and
Δ
H
¯
Cu
∞
more substantially in the Cu–Yb system with higher temperatures. The ideal associated solution model was applied to calculate temperature–composition dependences of the Gibbs energies, enthalpies, and entropies of formation for the melts and intermetallics to determine the coordinates of the liquidus curve in the studied phase diagram. The calculated and experimental data were in good agreement. Full information on the thermodynamic properties of all phases and phase equilibria in the Cu–Yb alloys was obtained.
The study is devoted to assessing the technical and technological sustainability of industrial production in the Russian Federation. The study proved that the basis of the Russian economy is ...industrial production, the results of which form the country's gross domestic product, maintains socio-economic stability and provides the population with various consumer goods. At the same time, the analyzed indicators of output, depreciation and renewal of fixed assets and the level of innovative development of production capacities indicate a drop in the technical and technological stability of industrial production. The work proposed a structural-logical scheme for ensuring technological development and economic sustainability of industrial production, containing requirements for the development of indicators for determining sustainability and mechanisms for its achievement in the context of the implementation of different scenarios for the development of industrial production. In conclusion, the study presents the main findings and results of the work.
Abstract
In this paper, variants of the theoretical formalism are presented, which allow one to quantify the information flows in the optimal control system. The fundamental role of feedback is ...substantiated: observation ↔ control: information circulation through the feedback loop, when the information embedded in the object through its control, at the next time step, returns to the controlling subject in the form of information contained in observations of the object.
The calorimetry method was employed to determine the mixing enthalpies of Gd–Sn melts and the ideal associated solution (IAS) model to calculate and optimize the thermodynamic properties of Gd–Sn ...alloys at 1510, 1640, and 1873 K in the composition range 0 ≤
x
Sn
≤ 1.0. The minimum mixing enthalpies were –69.7 ± 0.6 kJ/mole (1873 K) and –77.9 ± 0.7 (1510 K) kJ/mole at
x
Sn
= = 0.45. Using our own and published data on the thermochemical properties of melts and compounds and assuming the formation of two associates in the melt, Gd
2
Sn and GdSn, we calculated the activities of components, enthalpies, Gibbs energies, and entropies of formation for the liquid alloys and intermediate phases within the IAS model. The thermodynamic activities of components in the studied melts showed very large negative deviations from the ideal solutions. The mixing enthalpies of Sn–Gd melts optimized within the IAS model agreed well with the experimental values. The
Δ
H
¯
Gd
∞
temperature dependence agrees only qualitatively with other experimental data because of great errors in the published data. The excess Gibbs energy and mixing enthalpy of Gd–Sn melts calculated with the IAS model at 1873 K greatly differed in magnitude, being indicative of a significant contribution of the entropy component to the excess molar Gibbs energy. According to the calculations, the minimum excess mixing entropy for Gd–Sn melts at 1873 K was –20.3 J/(mole · K) at
x
Sn
= 0.45. The calculated and optimized enthalpies and entropies of formation for intermetallic phases in the Gd–Sn system, along with the IAS model parameters for melts, were used to calculate the liquidus and solidus curves of the phase diagram. Good agreement with most experimental data on the phase equilibria involving liquid and crystalline phases was shown.
Mixing Enthalpies of Sr–Sb Melts Ivanov, M.I.; Romanova, L.O.; Shevchenko, M.O. ...
Powder metallurgy and metal ceramics,
03/2020, Volume:
58, Issue:
11-12
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The mixing enthalpies of Sr–Sb melts were measured by isoperibolic calorimetry at 1230 K over the entire composition range referred to the liquid components. Large exothermic mixing effects were ...found (∆H
min
= –70.1 ± 4.8 kJ/mole). They were indicative of very strong interaction between the components and agreed with the Sr–Sb phase diagram. A series of intermetallic compounds, SrSb, SrSb
3
, Sr
3
Sb
2
, and Sr
2
Sb, was found in the system. Minimum ∆H for the liquid alloys corresponds to the composition range where SrSb and Sr
3
Sb
2
phases exist. The mixing enthalpies were found to be less exothermic than those for the intermetallic phases. This finding agrees with data for the alloys in systems with strong interaction between the components and is indicative of short-range ordering in liquid state. The mixing enthalpies for Mg (Ca, Sr)–Sb melts decrease in the Mg–Sb → Ca–Sb → Sr–Sb series, which agrees with increasing differences in the electronegativity of the components.
The study of the composition and content of biologically active compounds in the leaves and inflorescences of the Pamyat of Kovas vegetable variety of the VNIISSOK selection revealed a difference in ...their accumulation in the leaves of the lower and upper layers. The maximum accumulation of biologically active substances was found in the leaves and inflorescences of the upper layer, exhibiting high antioxidant activity. In the studied extracts, antioxidant metabolites were found: amarantine, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, simple phenols and hydroxybenzoic acids, as well as pectins. The features typical for vegetable leaf crops were found: the maximum number of studied antioxidant metabolites accumulates in the leaves of the upper layer and amaranth inflorescences, while the decrease in the content of antioxidants is observed in aging leaves.
During prolonged storage of distilled beverages, turbidity may form in them, which leads to the loss of their presentation, so one of the main problems of the distillery is the increased stability of ...a finished product during storage and increasing shelf life of products. Identifying the causes of turbidity and precipitation is one of the most important and urgent tasks in the control of alcoholic beverages. In this work, industrial samples of alcoholic beverages containing inclusions, turbidity and precipitation were investigated using the method of ion chromatography. The ionic composition of the studied samples is represented mainly by cations of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium and anions of fluorides, chlorides, nitrates, phosphates and sulfates. Mass concentrations of the ions represented fluctuate over a wide range, which is explained by the rich microelement composition of plant components, the specifics of the formulations and the peculiarity of water treatment from different manufacturers. The analysis of results showed that one of the main reasons for the appearance of turbidity and precipitation in distilled beverages is the increased content of calcium and magnesium ions.
The work analyzed the structure of fixed assets, investment volumes and investment objectives for industrial production of Russia. Because of the analysis, it was concluded that the volumes of ...attracted investments do not allow updating production capacities in full, and the heads of organizations, among the investment goals, chose to replace production capacities, switch to automated and mechanized processes, and reduce production costs. In the study, it was proposed to create an investment fund in which the accumulation of financial resources will be carried out, and the distribution of funds should be subject to certain criteria for the need for funds and the fulfillment of the set indicators. In conclusion, the study presents the main findings and results of the work.
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