Patient education constitutes a relevant strategy to improve pain management. In the field of therapeutic patient education (TPE), we aimed 1) to assess pain impact in cancer patients, 2) to identify ...patients' educative needs in pain management, and 3) to refine research criteria for its future evaluation.
Pain intensity, relief and interference were assessed in 75 cancer patients with unbalanced background pain. Self-assessment questionnaire evaluated i) patients' pain management and ii) their knowledge and needs in TPE.
Most patients experienced pain for more than 6 months and 41.6% reported adequate pain relief. Understanding pain and pain management were major patients' preferences (>58%). Most patients declared they knew their pain treatments, but fewer than half of them were able to name them. However, education concerning pain treatment was considered as essential in <30% of patients. Almost all patients (97.1%) stated pain education as beneficial, with a preference for individualized sessions (41.2%). In addition, the assessment criteria for its future evaluation were refined.
Targeted population mainly concerned patients with persistent pain. Only half of patients reported pain relief despite antalgics. Patient education was declared as beneficial for almost all participants.
Tailoring a pain TPE on patients' needs has the potential to help them to optimally manage their pain daily.
Background and AimsRhamnogalacturonan II (RGII) is a structurally complex pectic sub-domain composed of more than 12 different sugars and 20 different linkages distributed in five side chains along a ...homogalacturonan backbone. Although RGII has long been described as highly conserved over plant evolution, recent studies have revealed variations in the structure of the polysaccharide. This study examines the fine structure variability of RGII in wine, focusing on the side chains A and B obtained after sequential mild acid hydrolysis. Specifically, this study aims to differentiate intrinsic structural variations in these RGII side chains from structural variations due to acid hydrolysis.MethodsRGII from wine (Vitis vinifera Merlot) was sequentially hydrolysed with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and the hydrolysis products were separated by anion-exchange chromatography (AEC). AEC fractions or total hydrolysates were analysed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.Key ResultsThe optimal conditions to recover non-degraded side chain B, side chain A and RGII backbone were 0·1 m TFA at 40 °C for 16 h, 0·48 m TFA at 40 °C for 16 h (or 0·1 m TFA at 60 °C for 8 h) and 0·1 m TFA at 60 °C for 16 h, respectively. Side chain B was particularly prone to acid degradation. Side chain A and the RGII GalA backbone were partly degraded by 0·1 m TFA at 80 °C for 1–4 h. AEC allowed separation of side chain B, methyl-esterified side chain A and non-methyl-esterified side chain A. The structure of side chain A and the GalA backbone were highly variable.ConclusionsSeveral modifications to the RGII structure of wine were identified. The observed dearabinosylation and deacetylation were primarily the consequence of acidic treatment, while variation in methyl-esterification, methyl-ether linkages and oxidation reflect natural diversity. The physiological significance of this variability, however, remains to be determined.
Conditions for simple derivatization of reducing carbohydrates via adipic acid dihydrazide microwave-assisted condensation are described. We demonstrate with a diverse set of oligo- and ...polysaccharides how to improve a restrictive and labor intensive conventional conjugation protocol by using microwave-assisted chemistry. We show that 5 min of microwave heating in basic or acidic conditions are adequate to generate, in increased yields, intact and functional glycosylhydrazides, whereas hours to days and acidic conditions are generally required under conventional methods.
Novel transition metal catalysts based on oligonucleotides can be easily obtained by functionalization of 5-iodouridine with phosphine ligands, resulting in good asymmetric induction in palladium ...catalyzed allylic nucleophilic substitution.
Xylans were purified from delignified holocellulose alkaline extracts of Castanea sativa (Spanish chestnut) and Argania spinosa (Argan tree) and their structures analyzed by means of GC of their ...per-trimethylsilylated methylglycoside derivatives and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The structures deduced were characteristic of a 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan (MGX) and a homoxylan (HX), respectively, with degrees of polymerization ranging from 182 to 360. In the case of MGX, the regular or random distribution of 4-O-methylglucuronic acid along the xylosyl backbonedetermined by MALDI mass spectrometry after autohydrolysis of the polysaccharidevaried and depended both on the botanical source from which they were extracted and on the xylan extraction procedure. The MGX also inhibited in different ways the proliferation as well as the migration and invasion capability of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells. These biological properties could be correlated with structural features including values of the degree of polymerization, 4-O-MeGlcA to xylose ratios, and distribution of 4-O-MeGlcA along the xylosyl backbone, giving evidence of a defined structure−activity relationship.
IgG4 subclass in malignant melanoma Daveau, M; Pavie-Fischer, J; Rivat, L ...
JNCI : Journal of the National Cancer Institute
58, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Three hundred and ninety-seven sera from 185 melanoma patients were studied. These sera were classified into three groups according to stage of disease. An alteration in the level of the IgG4 ...subclass was found. It was related to the dissemination of disease. The percentage of abnormalities (either increased or decreased levels of IgG4) was more frequent in patients with stage II and III diseases (55 and 53%, respectively) than in patients with stage I(19%). The higher frequencies of high titers of IgG4 were essentially detected in advanced disease. The biologic significance of the increase of IgG4 in melanoma remains obscure. The increase may be related to the development of facilitating antibodies of the IgG4 subclass.
In this paper we report the structural basis for the nonexpression of G1m(3) and Km (1,2) allotypes in an IgG1 (kappa) human myeloma protein (protein LEC). Heavy and light chains spontaneously ...dissociate in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. Light chains appear to be covalently S-S bonded. Analysis of cysteine-containing peptides shows that the heavy chain of the IgG protein LEC has a deletion of residues 216-230, thus encompassing the entire hinge region. An arginine residue, characteristic of the G1m(3) marker is present at position 214. An alanine at position 153 and a leucine at position 191 of the light chain, characteristic of the Km (1, 2) allotypes, are present. It is likely that the double Km and Gm lack of expression is the result of the deletion. The genetic implications of the sequence of this protein are discussed.
Allotypes of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgA2 subclasses were investigated in seven Lebanese communities (three Moslem and four Christian). The Gm-Am haplotypes found were mainly those prevalent in ...Caucasians with a low frequency of haplotypes usually observed in Africans and Orientals. The difference between highlanders and lowlanders as expressed by G2m(23) was highly significant and suggested a possible adaptation to selective pressure related to the gamma2 genes, possibly due to endemic malaria in the past. Exceptional Gm-Am haplotypes were unambiguously determined by family studies. Some were characterized either by a deletion or a repression or, in contrast, by a partial or total duplication of gamma genes. Two others had uncommon combinations of allotypes: Gm17;23;5,10,11,13,14 A2m1, where G1m (17) was present without G1m (1); and Gm3;23;5,14 A2m1, where the CH3 allotypes G3m (10,11,13) were lacking.
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