Diabetes is expected to increase up to 700 million people worldwide with type 2 diabetes being the most frequent. The use of nutritional interventions is one of the most natural approaches for ...managing the disease. Minerals are of paramount importance in order to preserve and obtain good health and among them molybdenum is an essential component. There are no studies about the consumption of biofortified food with molybdenum on glucose homeostasis but recent studies in humans suggest that molybdenum could exert hypoglycemic effects. The present study aims to assess if consumption of lettuce biofortified with molybdenum influences glucose homeostasis and whether the effects would be due to changes in gastrointestinal hormone levels and specifically Peptide YY (PYY), Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1), Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 (GLP-2), and Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP). A cohort of 24 people was supplemented with biofortified lettuce for 12 days. Blood and urine samples were obtained at baseline (T0) and after 12 days (T2) of supplementation. Blood was analyzed for glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, β-cell function, and insulin sensitivity, PYY, GLP-1, GLP-2 and GIP. Urine samples were tested for molybdenum concentration. The results showed that consumption of lettuce biofortified with molybdenum for 12 days did not affect beta cell function but significantly reduced fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and increased insulin sensitivity in healthy people. Consumption of biofortified lettuce did not show any modification in urine concentration of molybdenum among the groups. These data suggest that consumption of lettuce biofortified with molybdenum improves glucose homeostasis and PYY and GIP are involved in the action mechanism.
Abstract This paper is concerned with the incompressible Euler equations. In Onsager’s critical classes we provide explicit formulas for the Duchon–Robert measure in terms of the regularization ...kernel and a family of vector-valued measures $$\{\mu _z\}_z\subset {\mathcal {M}}_{x,t}$$ { μ z } z ⊂ M x , t , having some Hölder regularity with respect to the direction $$z\in B_1$$ z ∈ B 1 . Then, we prove energy conservation for $$L^\infty _{x,t}\cap L^1_t BV_x$$ L x , t ∞ ∩ L t 1 B V x solutions, in both the absence or presence of a physical boundary. This result generalises the previously known case of Vortex Sheets, showing that energy conservation follows from the structure of $$L^\infty \cap BV$$ L ∞ ∩ B V incompressible vector fields rather than the flow having “organized singularities”. The interior energy conservation features the use of Ambrosio’s anisotropic optimization of the convolution kernel and it differs from the usual energy conservation arguments by heavily relying on the incompressibility of the vector field. This is the first energy conservation proof, for a given class of solutions, which fails to simultaneously apply to both compressible and incompressible models, coherently with compressible shocks having non-trivial entropy production. To run the boundary analysis we introduce a notion of “normal Lebesgue trace” for general vector fields, very reminiscent of the one for BV functions. We show that having such a null normal trace is basically equivalent to have vanishing boundary energy flux. This goes beyond the previous approaches, laying down a setup which applies to every Lipschitz bounded domain. Allowing any Lipschitz boundary introduces several technicalities to the proof, with a quite geometrical/measure-theoretical flavour.
In the context of incompressible fluids, the observation that turbulent singular structures fail to be space filling is known as “intermittency”, and it has strong experimental foundations. ...Consequently, as first pointed out by Landau, real turbulent flows do not satisfy the central assumptions of homogeneity and self-similarity in the K41 theory, and the K41 prediction of structure function exponents
ζ
p
=
p
/
3
might be inaccurate. In this work we prove that, in the inviscid case, energy dissipation that is lower-dimensional in an appropriate sense implies deviations from the K41 prediction in every
p
-th order structure function for
p
>
3
. By exploiting a Lagrangian-type Minkowski dimension that is very reminiscent of the Taylor’s
frozen turbulence
hypothesis, our strongest upper bound on
ζ
p
coincides with the
β
-model proposed by Frisch, Sulem and Nelkin in the late 70s, adding some rigorous analytical foundations to the model. More generally, we explore the relationship between dimensionality assumptions on the dissipation support and restrictions on the
p
-th order absolute structure functions. This approach differs from the current mathematical works on intermittency by its focus on geometrical rather than purely analytical assumptions. The proof is based on a new local variant of the celebrated Constantin-E-Titi argument that features the use of a third order commutator estimate, the special double regularity of the pressure, and mollification along the flow of a vector field.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents a clinical spectrum that ranges from a mild condition to critical illness. Patients with critical illness present respiratory failure, septic shock and/or ...multi-organ failure induced by the so called “cytokine storm”. Inflammatory cytokines affect iron metabolism, mainly inducing the synthesis of hepcidin, a hormone peptide not routinely measured. High levels of hepcidin have been associated with the severity of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to analyze, retrospectively, the levels of hepcidin in a group of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Policlinico Tor Vergata of Rome, Italy. Thirty-eight patients from November 2020 to May 2021 were enrolled in the study. Based on the clinical outcome, the patients were assigned to two groups: survivors and non-survivors. Moreover, a series of routine laboratory parameters were monitored during the stay of the patients in the ICU and their levels correlated to the outcome. Statistical differences in the level of hepcidin, D-dimer, IL-6, LDH, NLR, neutrophils level, CRP, TNF-α and transferrin were observed between the groups. In particular, hepcidin values showed significantly different median concentrations (88 ng/mL vs. 146 ng/mL) between survivors and non-survivors. In addition, ROC curves analysis revealed sensitivity and specificity values of 74% and 76%, respectively, at a cut-off of 127 (ng/mL), indicating hepcidin as a good biomarker in predicting the severity and mortality of COVID-19 in ICU patients.
This paper is concerned with various fine properties of the functionalD(A)≐∫Tndet1n−1(A(x))dx introduced in 34. This functional is defined on Xp, which is the cone of matrix fields A∈Lp(Tn;Sym+(n)) ...with div(A) a bounded measure. We start by correcting a mistake we noted in our 13, Corollary 7, which concerns the upper semicontinuity of D(A) in Xp. We give a proof of a refined correct statement, and we will use it to study the behaviour of D(A) when A∈Xnn−1, which is the critical integrability for D(A). One of our main results gives an explicit bound of the measure generated by D(Ak) for a sequence of such matrix fields {Ak}k. In particular it allows us to characterize the upper semicontinuity of D(A) in the case A∈Xnn−1 in terms of the measure generated by the variation of {divAk}k. We show by explicit example that this characterization fails in Xp if p<nn−1. As a by-product of our characterization we also recover and generalize a result of P.-L. Lions 26,27 on the lack of compactness in the study of Sobolev embeddings. Furthermore, in analogy with Monge-Ampère theory, we give sufficient conditions under which det1n−1(A)∈H1(Tn) when A∈Xnn−1, generalising the celebrated result of S. Müller 30 when A=cofD2φ, for a convex function φ.
We prove the ill-posedness of Leray solutions to the Cauchy problem for the hypodissipative Navier–Stokes equations, when the dissipative term is a fractional Laplacian
(
-
Δ
)
α
with exponent
α
<
1
...5
. The proof follows the “convex integration methods” introduced by the second author and László Székelyhidi Jr. for the incompressible Euler equations. The methods yield indeed some conclusions even for exponents in the range
1
5
,
1
2
.
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