This study aims at examining the impact of the interrelation between the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies and the implementation of lean production (LP) practices on the improvement level of ...European manufacturers’ operational performance. To achieve that, we conducted a survey with 108 European manufacturers that have been implementing LP and initiated their Industry 4.0 adoption. The collected data was analyzed through multivariate techniques, allowing to identify the effect of this relationship according to different contextual factors deemed as influential by previous literature, such as company size, LP implementation experience, type of ownership, and business operating model. Results underpin the idea of a wide applicability of both approaches, indicating that higher adoption levels of Industry 4.0 may be easier to achieve when LP practices are extensively implemented in the company. In opposition, when processes are not robustly designed and continuous improvement practices are not established, companies’ readiness for adopting novel technologies may be lower. By comprehending that Industry 4.0 technologies are highly related to LP practices, disregarding the context, managers from EU manufacturers can address the implementation of both approaches in a more assertive way.
Lean is spreading in every industry, pushed by companies’ needs to continuously improve their system and their processes. However, excluding companies operating in the traditional context of mass ...production, there is not a unique and codified way of applying kaizen to seek perfection and improve performances. The purpose of this article is to illustrate an original pattern of how kaizen is applied to the particular context of a make-to-order company characterised by a high-mix low-volume production. The research reported in this paper presents a new framework for guiding kaizen, and it is based on a case study carried out following the new kaizen framework that clearly defines project phases, roles and activities for each phase of improvement process. The new framework exploits A3 tool and RACI matrix for building the problem setting. The root causes for the problem are identified and validated through data-based analysis from lean tool box, at different stages in the study. The application of this methodology had a significant impact on the bottom-line of the company (reduction of more than 10% of production costs and improvement of on-time delivery from 70 to 95%). Moreover, the research provides an original and structured framework for implementing kaizen in companies and delivers important results that can be deployed in similar kinds of manufacturing companies.
Lean Management (LM) represents a complex socio-technical system where both technical and social practices should be consistently implemented and integrated in order to foster a Continuous ...Improvement (CI) culture. Despite initial gains in operational performances due to the implementation of the most common and well-established Lean techniques, the great majority of the companies approaching Lean Manufacturing fail in achieving sustainable outcomes in the long term, and most of them eventually come back to their traditional way of doing business. Recognized the pivotal role of soft practices, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role played by the human factor in fostering the establishment of a Sustainable Continuous Improvement (SCI) environment. Starting from surveying the literature, a comprehensive framework including all the relevant soft practices related to LM has been developed. Then, authors proposed, for the first time, Decision-Making Trail and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) analysis applied to soft practices of SCI, that provides an innovative understanding of the relevant soft practices which foster SCI by showing cause-effect association among them. The proposed methodology reveals precious insights for scholars and practitioners who intend to approach and apply SCI. The impact relations map shows that some soft practices are initiators and some others enablers of the SCI and allows to identify the most relevant Critical Success Factors (CSF) and interrelationships amongst them. Results show that the key for a SCI is represented by a full engagement of the workforce, which must be triggered and supported by Top Management with the use of some leverages such as an effective communication, training and use of Kaizen events.
Early Hypocalcemia is the most frequent complication after thyroid surgery. Several studies have tried to identify factors (patient caracteristics or surgical technique variations) affecting ...hypocalcemia following thyroid surgery. This studiy evaluates the role of several factors in postoperative hypocalcemia development.
A retrospective study conducted on 2108 patients that underwent thyroid surgery in a single center (1669 women and 439 men). Postoperative early hypocalcemia was defined as serum calcium levels lower than 8,0 mg/dl measured 24 h after surgery. Following factors were evaluated in the study: sex, age, glandular hyperfunction, preoperative diagnosis, preoperative serum calcium levels, preoperative serum PTH levels, type of surgery performed (total thyroidectomy vs. lobectomy); minimally invasive video assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT); number of parathyroid preserved in situ, postoperative serum calcium levels, changes in perioperative calcium levels (difference between preoperative values and postoperative calcium levels), presence of carcinoma in the surgical specimen, presence of thyroiditis based on histopatology reports.
Among evaluated factors only gender and surgical procedure revealed to be significantly correlated to early hypocalcemia development. In fact female patients experienced postoperative hypocalcemia in 42% (701/1669) of cases, which was signicantly higher than the 21.4% (94/439) identified in men. We also noticed a greater hypocalcemia incidence in patient undergoing total thyroidectomy (38.8%) than in patient undergoing lobectomy group (13.8%). Early hypocalcemia development didn't appear to be related to preoperative serum calcium levels but it showed a statistically significant correlation with perioperative serum calcium level drop.
This findings suggest that sex (female gender is a strong risk factor),surgical procedure and perioperative changes in serum calcium are the only factors (among all variables examined) that influence early hypocalcemia development.
Abstract The Aurignacian is the first European technocomplex assigned to Homo sapiens recognized across a wide geographic extent. Although archaeologists have identified marked chrono-cultural shifts ...within the Aurignacian mostly by examining the techno-typological variations of stone and osseous tools, unraveling the underlying processes driving these changes remains a significant scientific challenge. Scholars have, for instance, hypothesized that the Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) super-eruption and the climatic deterioration associated with the onset of Heinrich Event 4 had a substantial impact on European foraging groups. The technological shift from the Protoaurignacian to the Early Aurignacian is regarded as an archaeological manifestation of adaptation to changing environments. However, some of the most crucial regions and stratigraphic sequences for testing these scenarios have been overlooked. In this study, we delve into the high-resolution stratigraphic sequence of Grotta di Castelcivita in southern Italy. Here, the Uluzzian is followed by three Aurignacian layers, sealed by the eruptive units of the CI. Employing a comprehensive range of quantitative methods—encompassing attribute analysis, 3D model analysis, and geometric morphometrics—we demonstrate that the key technological feature commonly associated with the Early Aurignacian developed well before the deposition of the CI tephra. Our study provides thus the first direct evidence that the volcanic super-eruption played no role in this cultural process. Furthermore, we show that local paleo-environmental proxies do not correlate with the identified patterns of cultural continuity and discontinuity. Consequently, we propose alternative research paths to explore the role of demography and regional trajectories in the development of the Upper Paleolithic.
Both practitioners and scientists recognise importance of supply chain planning (SCP) for improving supply chain (SC) effectiveness and efficiency. Although many SCP policies have been developed in ...past decades, the debate on the best SCP model is still an open issue. This article compares Lean and Info-Sharing approaches as SCP models, with the aim of allowing a better understanding of pros and cons of each of them and to identify under which condition Info-Sharing is better, and when, on the contrary, Lean is better. To complete this objective, a broad simulation study has been carried out. The results show that Lean Supply Chain Planning model leads to huge inventory saving but, on the other hand, it requires greater transportation efforts than information-sharing-based SCP model. These opposite outcomes do not clarify which models is more efficient but, a set of indexes has been developed in order to solve the gap created by these discordant indications. Managers can use the proposed indexes to position their supply chain in the proposed multi-dimensional space, and see whether info-sharing or Lean is the best for them. A few examples of the use of the set of indexes and the results of the research are presented at the end of the article.
Dissimilar resistance spot welding of twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) and quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steel grades has been investigated by evaluating the effects of clamping force, welding ...current, and welding time on the microstructure, shear tension strength, and fracture of welded samples. The spot welding of TWIP and Q&P steels promotes the occurrence of an asymmetrical weld nugget with a greater dilution of TWIP steel because of its lower melting temperature and thermal conductivity. As a result, weld nuggets exhibit an austenitic microstructure. TWIP steel undergoes a grain coarsening in the HAZ, whereas Q&P steel undergoes some phase transformations. Welded samples tend to exhibit higher shear tension strength as they are joined at the highest welding current, even though an improper clamping force can promote excessive metal expulsion, thereby reducing the mechanical strength of the welded joints. Shear tension welded samples failed through interfacial fracture with partial thickness fracture mode for a low welding current, while partial thickness with button pull fractures were observed when a high welding current was used. The weld spots predominantly failed at the TWIP side. However, as TWIP steel can work harden significantly in the more resistant welded joints, the failures occur, instead, at the Q&P side.
The laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair (IPOM) approach has become the most widely adopted technique in the last decade. The role of laparoscopic IPOM in the last years has been resizing ...due to several limitations. The aim of the present study is to evaluate short- and long-term outcomes in patients who underwent laparoscopic IPOM. This retrospective single-center study describes 170 patients who underwent laparoscopic IPOM for ventral hernia at the General Surgery Unit of Parma University Hospital from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2020. We evaluated patient, hernia, surgical and postoperative characteristics. According to the defect size, we divided the patients into Group 1 (Ø < 30 mm), Group 2 (30 < Ø < 50 mm) and Group 3 (Ø > 50 mm). A total of 167 patients were included. The mean defect diameter was 41.1 ± 16.3 mm. The mean operative time was different among the three groups (p < 0.001). Higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, obesity and incisional hernia were related to postoperative seroma and obesity alone with SSO. p < 0.001 Recurrence was significantly higher in larger defects (Group 3) and incisional hernia. p < 0.001. This retrospective study suggests that laparoscopic IPOM is a feasible and safe surgical technique with an acceptable complication rate, especially in the treatment of smaller defects up to 5 cm.
Nanostructured Pb electrodes consisting of nanowire arrays were obtained by electrodeposition, to be used as negative electrodes for lead–acid batteries. Reduced graphene oxide was added to improve ...their performances. This was achieved via the electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide directly on the surface of nanowire arrays. The electrodes with and without reduced graphene oxide were tested in a 5 M sulfuric acid solution using a commercial pasted positive plate and an absorbed glass mat separator in a zero-gap configuration. The electrodes were tested in deep cycling conditions with a very low cut-off potential. Charge–discharge tests were performed at 5C. The electrode with reduced graphene oxide outperformed the electrode without reduced graphene oxide, as it was able to work with a very high utilization of active mass and efficiency. A specific capacity of 258 mAhg−1–very close to the theoretical one–was achieved, and the electrode lasted for more than 1000 cycles. On the other hand, the electrode without reduced graphene oxide achieved a capacity close to 230 mAhg−1, which corresponds to a 90% of utilization of active mass.
PDF
