•For the first time, a CZE method was developed to analyze ApoC-III glycoforms.•Carbamylated ApoC-III forms were highlighted and carbamylation sites were identified.•Carbamylation was evidenced in ...ApoC-III batches from 3 distinct commercial sources.•Carbamylated and sialylated forms of ApoC-III can be efficiently separated by CZE.
ApolipoproteinC-III (ApoC-III) is a human plasma glycoprotein whose O-glycosylation can be altered as a result of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). ApoC-III exhibits three major glycoforms whose relative quantification is of utmost importance for the diagnosis of CDG patients. Considering the very close structures of these glycoforms and their tendency to adsorb on the capillary, a thorough optimization of capillary electrophoresis (CE) parameters including preconditioning and in-between rinsing procedures was required to efficiently separate all the ApoC-III glycoforms. Permanent coatings did not contribute to high resolution separations. A fast and reliable method based on a bare-silica capillary combining the effect of urea and diamine additives allowed to separate up to six different ApoC-III forms. We demonstrated by a combination of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) analyses and CE of intact and neuraminidase-treated samples that this method well resolved glycoforms differing not only by their sialylation degree but also by carbamylation state, an undesired chemical modification of primary amines. This method allowed to demonstrate the carbamylation of ApoC-III glycoforms for the first time. Our CZE method proved robust and accurate with excellent intermediate precision regarding migration times (RSDs < 0.7%) while RSDs for peak areas were less than 5%. Finally, the quality of three distinct batches of commercial ApoC-III obtained from different suppliers was assessed and compared. Quite similar but highly structurally heterogeneous ApoC-III profiles were observed for these samples.
ApolipoproteinC-III (ApoC-III) is a human plasma glycoprotein whose O-glycosylation can be altered as a result of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). ApoC-III exhibits three major glycoforms ...whose relative quantification is of utmost importance for the diagnosis of CDG patients. Considering the very close structures of these glycoforms and their tendency to adsorb on the capillary, a thorough optimization of capillary electrophoresis (CE) parameters including preconditioning and in-between rinsing procedures was required to efficiently separate all the ApoC-III glycoforms. Permanent coatings did not contribute to high resolution separations. A fast and reliable method based on a bare-silica capillary combining the effect of urea and diamine additives allowed to separate up to six different ApoC-III forms. We demonstrated by a combination of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) analyses and CE of intact and neuraminidase-treated samples that this method well resolved glycoforms differing not only by their sialylation degree but also by carbamylation state, an undesired chemical modification of primary amines. This method allowed to demonstrate the carbamylation of ApoC-III glycoforms for the first time. Our CZE method proved robust and accurate with excellent intermediate precision regarding migration times (RSDs < 0.7%) while RSDs for peak areas were less than 5%. Finally, the quality of three distinct batches of commercial ApoC-III obtained from different suppliers was assessed and compared. Quite similar but highly structurally heterogeneous ApoC-III profiles were observed for these samples.
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are rare autosomal genetic diseases affecting the glycosylation of proteins and lipids. Since CDG‐related clinical symptoms are classically extremely ...variable and nonspecific, a combination of electrophoretic, mass spectrometric, and gene sequencing techniques is often mandatory for obtaining a definitive CDG diagnosis, as well as identifying causative gene mutations and deciphering the underlying biochemical mechanisms. Here, we illustrate the potential of integrating data from capillary electrophoresis of transferrin, two‐dimensional electrophoresis of N‐ and O‐glycoproteins, mass spectrometry analyses of total serum N‐linked glycans and mucin core1 O‐glycosylated apolipoprotein C‐III for the determination of various culprit CDG gene mutations. “Step‐by‐step” diagnosis pathways of four particular and new CDG cases, including MGAT2‐CDG, ATP6V0A2‐CDG, SLC35A2‐CDG, and SLC35A3‐CDG, are described as illustrative examples.
La glycosylation est l’une des principales modifications post-traductionnelles des protéines. La glycosylation des protéines est fortement modifiée lors de diverses pathologies comme le cancer, la ...polyarthrite rhumatoïde ou les troubles congénitaux de la glycosylation («Congenital disorders of glycosylation», CDGs). Ainsi, la nature et les proportions relatives des oligosaccharides liés aux protéines peuvent être utilisées pour dépister, pronostiquer voire suivre l’évolution de pathologies. Les travaux de cette thèse se sont focalisés sur l’étude de la glycosylation pour permettre le dépistage de certaines pathologies : les CDGs, la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA) et la dégénérescence rétinienne. Plusieurs stratégies fondées sur l’électrophorèse capillaire (EC) ont été envisagées pour répondre à cet objectif. Tout d’abord, le développement d’une méthode par EC de zone (ECZ) l’apolipoprotéine C-III (ApoC-III) intacte, une O-glycoprotéine impliquée dans le dépistage des troubles de la O-glycosylation, a permis de séparer les différentes glycoformes selon leur degré de sialylation. L’analyse d’échantillons d’ApoC-III standard provenant de différents fournisseurs par spectrométrie de masse (MS) MALDI -TOF a mis en évidence une hétérogénéité liée à la présence (inattendue) de formes carbamylées. Un traitement du plasma basé sur une immunocapture de l’ApoC-III suivie d’une dérivation sur billes magnétiques de la protéine par un fluorophore a permis de séparer ses différentes glycoformes en ECZ. Ensuite, une analyse N-glycomique de fluides biologiques employant une nouvelle technique de préparation d’échantillon que nous avons adaptée au plasma et au liquide céphalorachidien, a été réalisée par EC en gel couplée à une détection par fluorescence induite par laser (ECG-LIF) sur des patients sains et atteints de la MA. Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence quelques modifications des N-glycanes chez ces patients. Enfin la combinaison des deux stratégies d’analyse de la glycosylation (glycoprotéine intacte et glycanes libérés), a permis de détecter la transferrine intacte présente dans le liquide vitré à des concentrations faibles ainsi que ses N-glycanes libérés, dans le cadre du dépistage d’une maladie oculaire. L’EC-QTOF-MS a également été explorée pour l’analyse de N-glycanes dérivés avec un nouveau fluorophore permettant d’améliorer la sensibilité en MS.
Glycosylation is one of the most main types of post-translational modifications of proteins. Disease-associated modifications in protein glycosylation have been observed for various pathologies such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, or «Congenital disorders of glycosylation» (CDGs). They are often exploited for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of these diseases. This thesis work focused on the glycosylation study with the aim to allow the screening of different pathologies: CDGs, Alzheimer’s disease and retinal degeneration diseases. Different strategies based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) were considered to fulfil this goal. First, the developement of a CZE analysis of intact apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III), an O-glycoprotein implied in the screening of O-glycosylation disorders, allowed the separation of its glycoforms according to their sialylation degree. The MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of standard ApoC-III batches from different standard ApoC-III batches from different suppliers highlighted an additonnal heterogeneity due to (unexpected) carbamylated species. A plasma pretreatment based on an immunocapture of apoC-III followed by protein derivatization on magnetic beads using a fluorophore allowed to separate its glycoforms by CZE. Second, a glycomic analysis of biologicial fluids using a new sample treatment method that we adjusted to plasma and cerebrospinal fluid samples was performed by CGE-LIF on controls and Alzheimer’s patients. It allowed to highlight some modifications of N-glycans for this disease. Finally, the combination of both strategies of glycosylation analysis (intact glycoprotein and released N-glycans) allowed the detection of intact transferrin present in vitrous humor but also of its released N-glycans for the screening of retinal degeneration disease. CE-QTOF-MS was also investigated for the analysis of released N-glycans derivatized by a new fluorophore which increases MS sensitivity.
Abstract Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are rare autosomal genetic diseases affecting the glycosylation of proteins and lipids. Since CDG‐related clinical symptoms are classically ...extremely variable and nonspecific, a combination of electrophoretic, mass spectrometric, and gene sequencing techniques is often mandatory for obtaining a definitive CDG diagnosis, as well as identifying causative gene mutations and deciphering the underlying biochemical mechanisms. Here, we illustrate the potential of integrating data from capillary electrophoresis of transferrin, two‐dimensional electrophoresis of N‐ and O‐ glycoproteins, mass spectrometry analyses of total serum N‐ linked glycans and mucin core1 O‐ glycosylated apolipoprotein C‐III for the determination of various culprit CDG gene mutations. “Step‐by‐step” diagnosis pathways of four particular and new CDG cases, including MGAT2‐CDG, ATP6V0A2‐CDG, SLC35A2‐CDG, and SLC35A3‐CDG, are described as illustrative examples.
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) linked to defects in Golgi apparatus homeostasis constitute an increasing part of these rare inherited diseases. Among them, COG-CDG, ATP6V0A2-CDG, ...TMEM199-CDG and CCDC115-CDG have been shown to disturb Golgi vesicular trafficking and/or lumen pH acidification. Here, we report 3 new unrelated cases of CCDC115-CDG with emphasis on diagnosis difficulties related to strong phenotypic similarities with mitochondriopathies, Niemann-Pick disease C and Wilson Disease. Indeed, while two individuals clinically presented with early and severe liver fibrosis and cirrhosis associated with neurological symptoms, the other one “only” showed isolated and late severe liver involvement. Biological results were similar to previously described patients, including hypercholesterolemia, elevated alkaline phosphatases and defects in copper metabolism. CDG screening and glycosylation study finally led to the molecular diagnosis of CCDC115-CDG. Besides pointing to the importance of CDG screening in patients with unexplained and severe liver disease, these reports expand the clinical and molecular phenotypes of CCDC115-CDG. The hepatic involvement is particularly addressed. Furthermore, hypothesis concerning the pathogenesis of the liver disease and of major biological abnormalities are proposed.
•CCDC115-CDG is a new rare and misleading cause of severe liver disease with steatosis and fibrosis.•When confronted with unexplained liver disease, CDG screening is highly recommended.•In this work, the liver involvement of CCDC115-CDG was particularly adressed.
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) linked to defects in Golgi apparatus homeostasis constitute an increasing part of these rare inherited diseases. Among them, COG-CDG, ATP6V0A2-CDG, ...TMEM199-CDG and CCDC115-CDG have been shown to disturb Golgi vesicular trafficking and/or lumen pH acidification. Here, we report 3 new unrelated cases of CCDC115-CDG with emphasis on diagnosis difficulties related to strong phenotypic similarities with mitochondriopathies, Niemann-Pick disease C and Wilson Disease. Indeed, while two individuals clinically presented with early and severe liver fibrosis and cirrhosis associated with neurological symptoms, the other one "only" showed isolated and late severe liver involvement. Biological results were similar to previously described patients, including hypercholesterolemia, elevated alkaline phosphatases and defects in copper metabolism. CDG screening and glycosylation study finally led to the molecular diagnosis of CCDC115-CDG. Besides pointing to the importance of CDG screening in patients with unexplained and severe liver disease, these reports expand the clinical and molecular phenotypes of CCDC115-CDG. The hepatic involvement is particularly addressed. Furthermore, hypothesis concerning the pathogenesis of the liver disease and of major biological abnormalities are proposed.
