Sheep pox virus is one of the most serious diseases of livestock. The virus causes damage to integuments, spreads rapidly within the herd, and often leads to serious economic losses. The set of ...sanitary and epidemiological measures during outbreaks of the infection largely depends on identification of the virus strain and unambiguous differentiation of the infectious strain from vaccine ones. The most modern and precise approach to identifying virus strains is the whole metagenome sequencing of samples followed by assembly and analysis of the virome of the sample. We evaluate the applicability of shotgun metagenomic sequencing to accurately confirm the species of the virus and to identify it to the level of the strain using de novo assembly of the virome. It is shown that this approach allows one not only to accurately determine the strain affiliation of an infectious agent, but also to reveal and identify possible coinfections of both viral and bacterial natures.
Abstract
The article presents an approach to improving navigation solution of unmanned aerial vehicle in GNSS-denied environment by means of optoelectronic and inertial measurements. An approach is ...based on locating and tracking keypoints on the underlying surface to correct inertial system errors. The approach is based on EKF-SLAM and can be applied both in the presence and in the absence of a terrain map. The simulation results of the optical-inertial navigation system readings are presented.
This Letter presents the first experimental observation of the attractive strong interaction between a proton and a multistrange baryon (hyperon) Ξ−. The result is extracted from two-particle ...correlations of combined p−Ξ−⊕p¯−Ξ¯+ pairs measured in p−Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV at the LHC with ALICE. The measured correlation function is compared with the prediction obtained assuming only an attractive Coulomb interaction and a standard deviation in the range 3.6, 5.3 is found. Since the measured p−Ξ−⊕p¯−Ξ¯+ correlation is significantly enhanced with respect to the Coulomb prediction, the presence of an additional, strong, attractive interaction is evident. The data are compatible with recent lattice calculations by the HAL-QCD Collaboration, with a standard deviation in the range 1.8, 3.7. The lattice potential predicts a shallow repulsive Ξ− interaction within pure neutron matter and this implies stiffer equations of state for neutron-rich matter including hyperons. Implications of the strong interaction for the modeling of neutron stars are discussed.
The inclusive J/ψ production has been studied in Pb–Pb and pp collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN=5.02 TeV, using the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The J/ψ meson is ...reconstructed, in the centre-of-mass rapidity interval 2.5<y<4 and in the transverse-momentum range pT<12 GeV/c, via its decay to a muon pair. In this Letter, we present results on the inclusive J/ψ cross section in pp collisions at s=5.02 TeV and on the nuclear modification factor RAA. The latter is presented as a function of the centrality of the collision and, for central collisions, as a function of the transverse momentum pT of the J/ψ. The measured RAA values indicate a suppression of the J/ψ in nuclear collisions and are then compared to our previous results obtained in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV. The ratio of the RAA values at the two energies is also computed and compared to calculations of statistical and dynamical models. The numerical value of the ratio for central events (0–10% centrality) is 1.17±0.04(stat)±0.20(syst). In central events, as a function of pT, a slight increase of RAA with collision energy is visible in the region 2<pT<6 GeV/c. Theoretical calculations qualitatively describe the measurements, within uncertainties.
The first measurements of anisotropic flow coefficients vn for mid-rapidity charged particles in Xe–Xe collisions at sNN=5.44 TeV are presented. Comparing these measurements to those from Pb–Pb ...collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV, v2 is found to be suppressed for mid-central collisions at the same centrality, and enhanced for central collisions. The values of v3 are generally larger in Xe–Xe than in Pb–Pb at a given centrality. These observations are consistent with expectations from hydrodynamic predictions. When both v2 and v3 are divided by their corresponding eccentricities for a variety of initial state models, they generally scale with transverse density when comparing Xe–Xe and Pb–Pb, with some deviations observed in central Xe–Xe and Pb–Pb collisions. These results assist in placing strong constraints on both the initial state geometry and medium response for relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
The spatio-temporal variability of the modern sedimentation process in Lake Onego, the second largest lake in Europe, was evaluated. The chemical composition of the lake water was studied. ...Sedimentation takes place in the oxidation conditions of low TDS water of the calcium bicarbonate type, where the ratio between terrigenous clastic material and lacustrine biochemical suspended matter in the material deposited to the bottom is close to one. We demonstrate that the sedimentation process in the lake is non-uniform. Sedimentation rates in different regions of the lake were estimated (0.1 to 2 kg per sq. m of bottom surface per year) through in situ surveys with sediment traps. Annual sediment input was estimated on the basis of the lake’s chemical balance. Analysis of the qualitative characteristics of the material deposited to the bottom shows its composition corresponds to the humus-Fe-Si type of sedimentation. The uniform texture and mineral composition and the similar multielement spectra of the sediments suggest that active water dynamics cause fine-grained suspended load to remain in the water column for prolonged time periods. Variations in the sediment chemical composition across the lake are due to natural causesand to unevenly distributed anthropogenic pressure.
Direct photon production at mid-rapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV was studied in the transverse momentum range 0.9<pT<14 GeV/c. Photons were detected with the highly segmented ...electromagnetic calorimeter PHOS and via conversions in the ALICE detector material with the e+e− pair reconstructed in the central tracking system. The results of the two methods were combined and direct photon spectra were measured for the 0–20%, 20–40%, and 40–80% centrality classes. For all three classes, agreement was found with perturbative QCD calculations for pT≳5 GeV/c. Direct photon spectra down to pT≈1 GeV/c could be extracted for the 20–40% and 0–20% centrality classes. The significance of the direct photon signal for 0.9<pT<2.1 GeV/c is 2.6σ for the 0–20% class. The spectrum in this pT range and centrality class can be described by an exponential with an inverse slope parameter of (297±12stat±41syst) MeV. State-of-the-art models for photon production in heavy-ion collisions agree with the data within uncertainties.
We present the charged-particle pseudorapidity density in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV in centrality classes measured by ALICE. The measurement covers a wide pseudorapidity range from −3.5 to 5, ...which is sufficient for reliable estimates of the total number of charged particles produced in the collisions. For the most central (0–5%) collisions we find 21400±1300, while for the most peripheral (80–90%) we find 230±38. This corresponds to an increase of (27±4)% over the results at sNN=2.76 TeV previously reported by ALICE. The energy dependence of the total number of charged particles produced in heavy-ion collisions is found to obey a modified power-law like behaviour. The charged-particle pseudorapidity density of the most central collisions is compared to model calculations — none of which fully describes the measured distribution. We also present an estimate of the rapidity density of charged particles. The width of that distribution is found to exhibit a remarkable proportionality to the beam rapidity, independent of the collision energy from the top SPS to LHC energies.
The multi-strange baryon yields in Pbsingle bond Pb collisions have been shown to exhibit an enhancement relative to pp reactions. In this work, Xi and Omega production rates have been measured with ...the ALICE experiment as a function of transverse momentum, p sub(T)pT, in psingle bond Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of View the MathML source sNN=5.02 TeV. The results cover the kinematic ranges 0.6 GeV/c<p sub(T)<7.2 GeV/c0.6 GeV/c<pT<7.2 GeV/c and 0.8 GeV/c<p sub(T)<5 GeV/c0.8 GeV/c<pT<5 GeV/c, for Xi and Omega respectively, in the common rapidity interval -0.5<y sub(CMS)<0-0.5<yCMS<0. Multi-strange baryons have been identified by reconstructing their weak decays into charged particles. The p sub(T)pT spectra are analysed as a function of event charged-particle multiplicity, which in psingle bond Pb collisions ranges over one order of magnitude and lies between those observed in pp and Pbsingle bond Pb collisions. The measured p sub(T)pT distributions are compared to the expectations from a Blast-Wave model. The parameters which describe the production of lighter hadron species also describe the hyperon spectra in high multiplicity psingle bond Pb collisions. The yield of hyperons relative to charged pions is studied and compared with results from pp and Pbsingle bond Pb collisions. A continuous increase in the yield ratios as a function of multiplicity is observed in psingle bond Pb data, the values of which range from those measured in minimum bias pp to the ones in Pbsingle bond Pb collisions. A statistical model qualitatively describes this multiplicity dependence using a canonical suppression mechanism, in which the small volume causes a relative reduction of hadron production dependent on the strangeness content of the hyperon.
Measurements of K(892)0⁎ and ϕ(1020) resonance production in Pb–Pb and pp collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The resonances are measured ...at midrapidity (|y| < 0.5) via their hadronic decay channels and the transverse momentum (pT) distributions are obtained for various collision centrality classes up to pT = 20 GeV/c. The pT-integrated yield ratio K(892)0⁎/K in Pb–Pb collisions shows significant suppression relative to pp collisions and decreases towards more central collisions. In contrast, the ϕ(1020)/K ratio does not show any suppression. Furthermore, the measured K(892)0⁎/K ratio in central Pb–Pb collisions is significantly suppressed with respect to the expectations based on a thermal model calculation, while the ϕ(1020)/K ratio agrees with the model prediction. These measurements are an experimental demonstration of rescattering of K(892)0⁎ decay products in the hadronic phase of the collisions. The K(892)0⁎/K yield ratios in Pb–Pb and pp collisions are used to estimate the time duration between chemical and kinetic freeze-out, which is found to be ∼ 4–7 fm/c for central collisions. The pT-differential ratios of K(892)0⁎/K, ϕ(1020)/K, K(892)0⁎/π, ϕ(1020)/π, p/K(892)0⁎ and p/ϕ(1020) are also presented for Pb–Pb and pp collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV. These ratios show that the rescattering effect is predominantly a low-pT phenomenon.
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