Femtoscopy studies of pion radiation in heavy-ion collisions have been conducted extensively at all available collider energies, both theoretically and experimentally. In all these studies a special ...interest is given to \(m_{T}\) dependency of pion femtoscopy radii, usually approximated by a power-law function at transverse momenta above 200 MeV/\(c\). However, the radii behaviour has been much less explored for the ultra-soft pions, possessing the transverse momentum comparable to or lower than the pion mass. For many experimental setups this region is difficult to measure. In this work we present theoretical calculations of pion emission in the ultra-soft region in the two hybrid models -- iHKM and LHYQUID+THERMINATOR2. Along with the particle transverse momentum spectra, we present the calculated femtoscopy radii, both in one-dimensional and three-dimensional representations. We investigate the radii dependence on pair \(m_{T}\) and observe, in particular, a departure from the power-law behaviour at ultra-soft momenta, potentially reflecting a decoupling of such slow pions from the rest of collectively expanding system. We provide the theoretical interpretation of this result and discuss its significance, in particular, for the ongoing non-identical particle femtoscopy analysis for pairs consisting of a pion and a baryon (or of a pion and a charmed meson).
Recently it has been shown that epidermodysplasia verruciformis is induced by human papilloma/virus different from the papilloma/virus of warts, and that 2 distinct viruses—designated HPV-3 and ...HPV-4—are responsible for it. Ten cases of epidermodysplasia verruciformis were found to have been caused by HPV-3. Clinically and histologically, as well as in the often depressed cell- mediated immunity they closely resembled long-standing verrucae planae, also caused by HPV-3. Contrari-wise, in epidermodysplasia verruciformis caused by HPV-4 there are characteristic red, red-brown, and de-pigmented, pityriasis versicolor-like plaques, and malignant transformation seems almost inevitable. Cases due to HPV-3 may be abortive or even regressive, or stationary, and hard to distinguish from flat warts. No malignant conversion was seen in patients infected only with HPV-3, whereas it occurred in 2 patients infected with both viruses: HPV-3 and HPV-4. Pigmented plaques are the most important adverse prognostic sign in EV induced by HPV-3.
Immunofluorescence and cell mediated immunity studies have been performed in 14 cases of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), 3 of those abortive or regressing in members of the families of the ...patients with EV. Two different types of human papillomavirus (HPV)--HPV3 and HPV4--have been found in cases of EV. HPV3 was detected also in flat warts without features of EV. There was no cross-reactivity between these two viruses, neither with HPV1 responsible for plantar warts nor with HPV2 inducing common warts. There was a relationship between the type of HPV and the clinical picture of EV as well as the malignant transformation, namely HPV4 has been found to be more oncogenic. Cell mediated immunity (CMI) seems to be an important factor because it was depressed in a vast majority of active cases and preserved in regressing and abortive cases (in the members of the families of EV patients). However, low CMI has been found in EV cases infected with HPV3 and in persistent flat warts also due to HPV3, which did not undergo malignant transformation. In contrast, in a case of EV due to HPV4 a malignant transformation occured in spite of still preserved, although lowered CMI. Various human papillomaviruses seem to differ in their oncogenic potential. HPV1 responsible for plantar warts, and HPV2 for common warts have no evident oncogenic potential, HPV3 inducing both EV and flat warts has a low oncogenicity, whereas HPV4 inducing some cases of EV seems more oncogenic.
Immunopathology of psoriasis Jablonska, S; Beutner, E H; Binder, W L ...
Archives of dermatological research,
01/1979, Volume:
264, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Immunofluorescence (IF) studies by the direct and indirect methods demonstrate immunoglobulins and complement bound in vivo in psoriatic scales. The IF pattern is comparable to that of stratum ...corneum antibodies (SCAb) bound in vitro on specific substrate, as visualized by the indirect IF method. Formation of immune complexes can be responsible for the "squirting papilla" phenomenon, and conversion of the stratum corneum - which is normally an inaccessible antigen - into its reactive form seems to be brought about by proteases of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Stimulation of protease production by polymorphonuclears appears to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The stratum corneum of the epidermis is probably the target, and becomes an antigen for SCAb present in the circulation.
DThe defective function of T-lymphocytes, which is a finding in active psoriasis, is transitional and reversible, whereas the immunological mechanism is mainly related to the formation of immune ...complexes consisting of stratum corneum antibodies and stratum corneum antigen, which through binding of complement and activation of chemotactic complement components is responsible for the phenomenon of "squirting papillae". The earliest lesions preceding pin point papules, called pre-pin-point papules, were induced by stripping or developed spontaneously in a marked field closely observed for several days. In the changes preceding earliest psoriatic lesions. Abundant polymorphonuclear infiltrates are present, and polymorphs seem to play an important role in a selfperpetuating of disease process. The therapeutic implications of the immunologic studies in psoriasis are: either depletion of activated polymorphs (eg. continuous peritoneal dialysis) and/or removal of the factors responsible for their activation (eg. treatment of focal infections) or external use of the drugs affecting the antigenicity of stratum corneum (tars), or inhibition of exocytosis (a probable mechanism of puva).
21 years of follow-up study of a family with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (e.v.) have shown that members of one family can be infected with different human papillomaviruses (HPVs), either HPV 3 or ...HPV 4, and sometimes with both. The clinical picture resembled disseminated flat warts in cases induced by HPV 3, whereas in those caused by HPV 4 there were flat red or red-brownish plaques and depigmented pityriasis versicolor-like lesions. Malignancies developed only in family members infected with HPV 4, whereas the cases due to HPV 3 ran a more benign and slowly progressive or stationary course. There were also abortive and regressive cases, and the 3 children in whom the wart-like lesions did not recur after removal had an unimpaired cell-mediated immunity (CMI). In all cases of e.v., irrespective of the inducing virus, CMI was low, which seems to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. Humoral antibodies directed specifically against HPV 3 were present in the majority of the cases, mainly those infected with HPV 3.
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