Background Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acute reversible heart condition initially believed to represent a benign pathology attributable to its self-limiting clinical course; however, little is ...known about its prognosis based on different triggers. This study compared short- and long-term outcomes between TTS based on different triggers, focusing on various physical triggering events. Methods and Results We analyzed patients with a definitive TTS diagnosis recruited for the Spanish National Registry on TTS (RETAKO Registry on Takotsubo Syndrome). Short- and long-term outcomes were compared between different groups according to triggering factors. A total of 939 patients were included. An emotional trigger was detected in 340 patients (36.2%), a physical trigger in 293 patients (31.2%), and none could be identified in 306 patients (32.6%). The main physical triggers observed were infections (30.7%), followed by surgical procedures (22.5%), physical activities (18.4%), episodes of severe hypoxia (18.4%), and neurological events (9.9%). TTS triggered by physical factors showed higher mortality in the short and long term, and within this group, patients whose physical trigger was hypoxia were those who had a worse prognosis, in addition to being triggered by physical factors, including age >70 years, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular eyection fraction <30% and shock on admission, and increased long-term mortality risk. Conclusions TTS triggered by physical factors could present a worse prognosis in terms of mortality. Under the TTS label, there could be as yet undiscovered very different clinical profiles, whose differentiation could lead to individual better management, and therefore the perception of TTS as having a benign prognosis should be generally ruled out.
Coronary Aneurysms are a focal dilatation of an artery segment >1.5-fold the normal size of adjacent segments. Although some series have suggested a prevalence of 0.3–12%, data are lacking. In ...addition, they are not mentioned in practice guidelines. Our aim was investigate its prevalence, management and long-term outcomes.
The coronary artery aneurysm registry (CAAR) involved 32 hospitals across 9 countries in America and Europe. We reviewed 436,467 consecutive angiograms performed over the period 2004–2016. Finally, 1565 patients were recruited. Aneurysm global prevalence was 0.35%. Most patients were male (78.5%) with a mean age of 65 years and frequent cardiovascular risk factors. The main indication for angiogram was an acute coronary syndrome, 966 cases. The number of aneurisms was ≤2 per patient in 95.8% of the cases, mostly saccular, most frequently found in the left anterior descending and with numbers proportional with coronary stenosis. Aortopathies were related with more aneurysms too. Most patients received any revascularization procedure (69%), commonly percutaneous (53%). After a median follow-up of 37.2 months, 485 suffered a combined event (MACE) and 240 died. Without major differences comparing CABG vs PCI, MACE and death were more frequent in patients who received bare metal stents.
Coronary artery aneurysms are not uncommon. Usually, they are associated with coronary stenosis and high cardiovascular risk. Antiplatelet therapy seems reasonable and a percutaneous approach is safe and effective.
•The prevalence and long-term prognosis of coronary artery aneurysms is unclear.•CAAR is a coronary artery aneurysm registry conducted in 32 hospitals in 9 countries.•436,467 consecutive angiograms were reviewed, and 1565 patients included.•Aneurysmal coronary artery disease is not uncommon in cath lab current practice.•It is associated with high cardiovascular risk burden and high rate of events (>30%).
This study sought to describe the incidence, determinants, and prognostic impact of cardiogenic shock (CS) in takotsubo syndrome (TTS).
TTS can be associated with severe hemodynamic instability. The ...prognostic implication of CS has not been well characterized in large studies of TTS.
We analyzed patients with a definitive TTS diagnosis (modified Mayo criteria) who were recruited for the National RETAKO (Registry on Takotsubo Syndrome) trial from 2003 to 2016. Cox and competing risk regression models were used to identify factors associated with mortality and recurrences.
A total of 711 patients were included, 81 (11.4%) of whom developed CS. Male sex, QTc interval prolongation, lower left ventricular ejection fraction at admission, physical triggers, and presence of "a significant" left intraventricular pressure gradient, were associated with CS (C index = 0.85). In-hospital complication rates, including mortality, were significantly higher in patients with CS. Over a median follow-up of 284 days (interquartile range: 94 to 929 days), CS was the strongest independent predictor of long-term, all-cause mortality (hazard ratio HR: 5.38; 95% confidence interval CI: 2.60 to 8.38); cardiovascular (CV) death (sub-HR: 4.29; 95% CI: 2.40 to 21.2), and non-CV death (sub-HR: 3.34; 95% CI: 1.70 to 6.53), whereas no significant difference in the recurrence rate was observed between groups (sub-HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.10 to 5.95). Among patients with CS, those who received beta-blockers at hospital discharge experienced lower 1-year mortality compared with those who did not receive a beta-blocker (HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.79; p
= 0.043).
CS is not uncommon and is associated with worse short- and long-term prognosis in TTS. CS complicating TTS may constitute a marker of underlying disease severity and could identify a masked heart failure phenotype with increased vulnerability to catecholamine-mediated myocardial stunning.
The SYNTAX score and SYNTAX score II have a high predictive capacity for adverse cardiovascular events. We aimed to demonstrate that both scores were good predictors of long-term adverse outcomes in ...an 'all-comers' population treated with a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
In the study, we included 785 patients who received an angioplasty at our center between January 2011 and December 2012. The patients were distributed in tertiles according to the SYNTAX score and SYNTAX score II values; for the SYNTAX score - low ≤6.5 (n = 225); mid >6.5, <11.5 (n = 229); high ≥11.5 (n = 221); and for the SYNTAX score II PCI: low ≤20.5 (n = 226); mid >20.5, < 29.6 (n = 221); and high ≥29.6 (n = 218).
The rates of major adverse cardiovascular events, death, cardiac death and new revascularizations at 3 years were significantly higher in the highest tertile of both the scores. For SYNTAX score: major adverse cardiovascular events, 12-15.3-21.7%, P < 0.001; death, 7.6-8.3-14%, P = 0.04; cardiac death, 3.2-2.7-7.5%, P = 0.03; new revascularizations, 4.5-8.6-10.4%, P = 0.001. For SYNTAX score II PCI: major adverse cardiovascular events, 8-10.9-28.9%, P < 0.001; death, 3.1-3.6-21.5%, P < 0.001; cardiac death, 0.9-0.5-11.4%, P < 0.001; new revascularizations, 4.5-8.2-11.3%, P = 0.03.
The SYNTAX score II showed better predictive capacity than the SYNTAX score for major adverse cardiovascular events, death and cardiac death, with no difference noted for new revascularizations, and it was an independent predictor for these events in an 'all-comers' population.
Endothelial dysfunction and platelet activation have been highlighted as possible mediators in Takotsubo syndrome (TTS). Nevertheless, to date, evidence on the usefulness of antiplatelet therapy in ...TTS remains controversial. The aim of our study is to evaluate long-term prognosis in TTS patients treated with antiplatelet therapy (APT) at hospitalization discharge.
An ambispective cohort study from the Spanish National Takotsubo Registry database was performed (June 2002 to March 2017). Patients were divided into two groups: those who received APT at hospital discharge (APT cohort) and those who did not (non-APT cohort). Primary endpoint was all-cause death. Secondary endpoints included the composite of recurrence or readmission and a composite of death, recurrence or readmission.
From a total of 741 patients, 728 patients were alive at discharge. Follow-up was performed in 544 patients, who were included in the final analysis: 321 patients (59.0%) in the APT cohort and 223 patients (41.0%) in the non-APT cohort. The APT cohort had a better clinical presentation and received more heart failure and acute coronary syndrome-like therapies (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers: 75.1% vs. 51.1%; p<0.001, betablockers: 71.3% vs. 50.7%; p<0.001, statins: 67.9% vs. 33.2%; p<0.001). After adjusting for confounder factors, APT at discharge was a protective factor for all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.315, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.106-0.943; p=0.039) and the composite endpoint of all-cause death, recurrence or readmission (adjusted HR 0.318, 95% CI: 0.164-0.619; p=0.001) at month 25 of follow-up.
Patients with TTS receiving APT at discharge presented better prognosis up to two-years of follow-up compared with their counterparts not receiving APT.
A disfunção endotelial e a ativação plaquetária são possíveis mediadores na síndrome de Takotsubo (STT). Até ao momento, a utilidade da terapia antiplaquetária no STT é controversa. O nosso objetivo é avaliar o prognóstico a longo prazo em pacientes com STT tratados com tratamento antiplaquetário (TAP) na alta da internação.
Foi realizado um estudo de coorte ambidirecional do banco de dados do Registro Nacional de Takotsubo da Espanha (junho-2002 a março-2017). Os pacientes foram divididos em aqueles que receberam TAP na alta hospitalar (cohorte-TAP) e aqueles que não receberam (cohorte não-TAP). O endpoint primário foi a morte global. Os endpoints secundários incluíram um composto de recorrência ou readmissão e um composto de morte, recorrência ou readmissão.
De 741 pacientes, 728 estavam vivos na alta. O acompanhamento foi realizado em 544 pacientes, que foram incluídos na análise final: 321 (59,0%) na cohorte-TAP e 223 (41%) na cohorte não TAP. A cohorte TAP mostrou melhor apresentação clínica e recebeu mais tratamentos de insuficiência cardíaca e (IECA/ARB: 75,1% versus 51,1%; p<0,001, betabloqueadores: 71,3% versus. 50,7%; p<0,001, estatinas: 67,9% versus 33,2%; p<0,001). Após o ajuste para fatores de confundimento, o TAP na alta foi um fator de proteção para a morte global (HR ajustado 0,315, IC95%: 0,106-0,943; p=0,039) e o composto de morte global, recorrência ou readmissão (HR ajustado 0,318, IC95%: 0,164-0, 619; p=0,001) até aos 25 meses.
Pacientes com STT recebendo TAP na alta apresentaram melhor prognóstico até aos dois anos de acompanhamento em comparação com seus homólogos que não receberam TAP.
A relationship between neoplasms and Takotsubo syndrome (TS) has been postulated. Our goal was to determine its prevalence in patients with TS, compare the clinical profile of TS with or without ...cancer and study its long-term evolution.
The oncological situation of patients included in the National Registry on TAKOtsubo syndrome (RETAKO), admitted between 2002 and 2019, provided by 38 hospitals throughout the country is analysed. Any history of malignancy or tumour, even benign, that received chemotherapy, radiotherapy or specific surgery, current or past, was considered.
Any type of neoplasm was described in 129 (11.8%), within a cohort of 1,097 patients with TS. The cohort of patients with neoplasm, with a lower percentage of women (79.1 vs. 88.3%; P=.003), showed a non-significant tendency at an older age, hyperuricaemia, sleep apnoea and lower LVEF on admission, with a similar cardiovascular risk factor profile, but more chronic anaemia and immunosuppression. The most common neoplasm was breast cancer. During their hospital stay, the cancer patients suffered more complications, highlighting heart failure/shock, acute renal failure and a trend towards combined infections. On follow-up, they presented higher mortality and more combined MACE events, with a non-significant trend in the occurrence of cardiovascular recurrences or readmissions.
The prevalence of neoplasms in patients with TS is high. The clinical presentation is different in relation to patients who do not have neoplasms and they probably represent a risk factor for a worse hospital and long term prognosis.
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Treatment With Clopidogrel Báez-Ferrer, Néstor; Grande-Flecha, Alejandro Sánchez; Domínguez-Rodríguez, Alberto
Revista española de cardiología (English ed.),
08/2019, Volume:
72, Issue:
8
Journal Article
The etiology and epidemiology of tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy remain uncertain. The symptoms of this condition are often similar to those of myocardial infarction and, although it usually has a good ...prognosis, it is not without complications. Our aim was to characterize this disease in our setting using a dedicated registry (Spanish REgistry for TAKOtsubo cardiomyopathy).
The prospective registry included 202 incident patients in 23 hospitals from 2012 to 2013. The patients’ clinical characteristics and analytical, echocardiographic, and imaging results were recorded, as were the events during follow-up. Patients were included when the attending physician considered the case proven, and incidence was calculated relative to the catheterizations requested for a presumptive diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome.
The patients were predominantly women (90%), with a mean age of 70 years, and many had cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension (67%), dyslipidemia (41%), diabetes mellitus (15%), and smoking (15%). The incidence of tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy was 1.2%, and there was no clear weekly or seasonal distribution pattern. Chest pain was the predominant symptom, a triggering factor (emotional, physical, or both) was present in 72%, and most patients consulted within the first 6h after symptom onset. The median duration of hospitalization was 7 days. There were heart failure symptoms in 34.0%, arrhythmia in 26.7%, and 2.4% of patients died.
The incidence of tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy is low. This disease primarily affects postmenopausal women, and occurs after a situation of emotional stress in more than half of affected individuals. It is characterized by anginal pain, shows no seasonal distribution, and has a good prognosis, although it is not without morbidity and mortality.
El síndrome de tako-tsubo es una entidad de etiología y epidemiología inciertas, capaz de semejarse a un infarto y que, aunque suele tener buen pronóstico, no está exenta de complicaciones. El objetivo es caracterizar esta enfermedad en nuestro medio a través de un registro (REgistro nacional multicéntrico sobre síndome de TAKOtsubo).
El registro prospectivo incluyó a 202 pacientes incidentes en 23 hospitales entre 2012-2013. Se recogieron las características clínicas, analíticas, electrocardiográficas y de imagen, así como los eventos durante el seguimiento. Se incluyó a los pacientes cuando sus médicos consideraron probado el caso, y la incidencia de la enfermedad se calculó en función de los cateterismos solicitados con el diagnóstico presunto de síndrome coronario agudo.
Los casos fueron predominantemente mujeres (90%), con una media de edad de 70 años y frecuentes factores de riesgo cardiovascular, hipertensión arterial (67%), dislipemia (41%), diabetes mellitus (15%) y tabaquismo (15%). Sin clara distribución semanal o estacional, se calculó una incidencia del 1,2%. El dolor torácico fue el síntoma predominante, con algún desencadenante (psíquico, físico o ambos) en el 72%, y la mayoría consultó en las primeras 6h. La estancia mediana fue de 7 días; apareció algún síntoma de insuficiencia cardiaca en el 34,0% y arritmias en el 26,7% y murió el 2,4%.
El síndrome de tako-tsubo es una enfermedad poco incidente, que afecta predominantemente a mujeres posmenopáusicas, en más de la mitad de los casos tras una situación psicológicamente estresante. Se caracteriza por dolor anginoso, sin distribución estacional; aunque no está exenta de morbimortalidad, conlleva buen pronóstico.
Coronary artery aneurysm is defined as a coronary dilation that exceeds the diameter of adjacent segments or the diameter of the patient's largest normal coronary vessel by 1.5×. It is an uncommon ...disease that has been diagnosed with increasing frequency since the widespread appearance of coronary angiography. The published incidence varies from 1.5% to 5%, suggesting male dominance and a predilection for the right coronary artery. Although several causes have been described, atherosclerosis accounts for ≥50% of coronary aneurysms in adults. Reported complications include thrombosis and distal embolization, rupture, and vasospasm, causing ischemia, heart failure, or arrhythmias. The natural history and prognosis remain unknown, as definitive data are scarce. Controversies persist regarding the use of medical management (antithrombotic therapy) or interventional/surgical procedures. Only some case reports or small case series are available about this condition. The Coronary Artery Aneurysm Registry (CAAR; http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02563626) is a multicenter international ambispective registry that aims to provide insights on anatomic, epidemiologic, and clinical aspects of this substantially unknown entity. In addition, the registry will assess management strategies (conservative, interventional, or surgical) and their short‐ and long‐term results in a large cohort of patients.
Clinical Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02563626.
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