Accommodation disorders and nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions affect patients’ binocular system and visual performance. These visual disorders could be associated with musculoskeletal discomfort ...in the neck and shoulder area. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to ascertain the relationship between visual system disorders and the musculoskeletal system of the neck. The review protocol is available in PROSPERO (CRD42018112771). All articles selected examined the relationship between neck conditions (chronic neck pain and whiplash) and the visual system in adult populations. Studies with optometric or physiotherapeutic measurements were included. Bias risk was evaluated with the modified Cochrane Collaboration Tool and Study Quality Assessment Tool. To provide complete quality assessment evidence, the authors applied the GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool. The literature search was conducted in November 2018 and yielded 745 studies among all the databases. Out of these studies, 21 were finally included. Most of the studies presented a moderate methodological quality. Only one high‐quality trial was found. Based on a qualitative assessment, our systematic review and meta‐analysis revealed that all included studies established a relationship between the visual system and musculoskeletal system of the neck. However, the methods for the measurement of the visual system lacked uniformity.
Accommodation disorders and nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions affect patients’ binocular system and visual performance. These visual disorders could be associated with musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck and shoulder area. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to ascertain the relationship between visual system disorders and the musculoskeletal system of the neck.
Purpose
To review the rebound effect after cessation of different myopia control treatments.
Methods
A systematic review that included full‐length randomised controlled studies (RCTs), as well as ...post‐hoc analyses of RCTs reporting new findings on myopia control treatments rebound effect in two databases, PubMed and Web of Science, was performed according to the PRISMA statement. The search period was between 15 June 2023 and 30 June 2023. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to analyse the quality of the selected studies.
Results
A total of 11 studies were included in this systematic review. Unifying the rebound effects of all myopia control treatments, the mean rebound effect for axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) were 0.10 ± 0.07 mm −0.02 to 0.22 and −0.27 ± 0.2 D −0.71 to −0.03 after 10.2 ± 7.4 months of washout, respectively. In addition, spectacles with highly aspherical lenslets or defocus incorporated multiple segments technology, soft multifocal contact lenses and orthokeratology showed lower rebound effects compared with atropine and low‐level light therapy, with a mean rebound effect for AL and SER of 0.04 ± 0.04 mm 0 to 0.08 and −0.13 ± 0.07 D −0.05 to −0.2, respectively.
Conclusions
It appears that the different treatments for myopia control produce a rebound effect after their cessation. Specifically, optical treatments seem to produce less rebound effect than pharmacological or light therapies. However, more studies are required to confirm these results.
Although there is some evidence suggesting that olive oil could reduce breast cancer (BC) risk, the epidemiological data are still relatively limited, not entirely consistent and mainly based on ...case–control studies. Therefore, we prospectively assessed the association between olive oil and BC risk in postmenopausal women from the Mediterranean cohorts within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. The analysis included 62,284 postmenopausal women recruited from Spain, Italy and Greece who had complete dietary data (collected from validated country‐specific dietary questionnaires). The risk of BC (overall and by hormone receptor subtypes) was assessed using hazards ratios (HRs) obtained from Cox proportional hazards regression, while adjusting for known BC risk factors. After a mean follow‐up of 9 years, 1,256 women were diagnosed with a primary incident invasive BC. The multivariate HRs for BC risk by olive oil intake (highest vs. lowest tertile of g/day/2,000 kcal) were 1.07 (95% CI = 0.91–1.25) in the adjusted model, 1.06 (95% CI = 0.91–1.24) in the model additionally adjusted for reproductive‐related factors and 1.10 (95% CI = 0.92–1.31) for the model additionally adjusted for dietary factors. There was no association between olive oil and risk of estrogen or progesterone receptor‐positive tumors, but a suggestion of a negative association with estrogens and progesterone receptor‐negative tumors. The results from our prospective study showed that olive oil consumption during adult life was not associated with the risk of BC. However, larger prospective studies are still needed to explore possible differences related to hormone receptor status.
Pediatric myopia has become a major international public health concern. The prevalence of myopia has undergone a significant increase worldwide. The purpose of this review of the current literature ...was to evaluate the peer-reviewed scientific literature on the efficacy and safety of low-dose atropine treatment combined with overnight orthokeratology for myopia control. A search was conducted in Pubmed and Web of Science with the following search strategy: (atropine OR low-dose atropine OR 0.01% atropine) AND (orthokeratology OR ortho-k) AND (myopia control OR myopia progression). All included studies improved myopia control by the synergistic effect of orthokeratology with low-dose atropine, compared with orthokeratology treatment alone. All studies included a short or medium follow-up period; therefore longer-term studies are necessary to validate these results.
To review the intraoperative and postoperative complications after intracorneal ring segment implantation and to report the explantation rate among the available scientific literature.
Three ...different databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were assessed from January 1995 to June 2019. The keywords used were: ring, rings, ICRS (intracorneal ring segments), segment, segments or Intacs, complication, explantation, explanted, retired, and removal.
The selection process of this systematic review study is described in a flow diagram. A total of 39 studies published between 1995 and 2019 were included. Sixteen studies were case reports, 21 were case series studies, and 2 were chart analysis works. This study enrolled 1,946 participants, and 2,590 eyes were included. The postoperative complications described in most studies included migration, ring extrusion, corneal thinning, corneal melting, and some type of infective keratitis. These complications together with glare, halos, fluctuating vision, neovascularization, foreign body sensation, or pain represented most of the causes. The percentage rate of explantation ranged from 0.5% up to 83.3%. If we analyze those articles with a high number of implantations (2,124 eyes), an explantation rate between 0% and 1.4% was obtained.
The complication rate and explantation ratio in segments of the intracorneal ring segments analyzed in the available scientific literature are minimal. Therefore, patient selection, surgery planning, and postoperative follow-up are critical to the success of surgery. J Refract Surg. 2019;35(11):740-747..
Scope
Low‐grade chronic inflammation is associated with several chronic conditions, and diet is known to play a role in chronic inflammation. We aimed to evaluate the association between the ...inflammatory potential of the diet and mortality in the Spanish population from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC‐Spain).
Methods and results
The study included 41 199 participants (62% female) aged 29–69 years from five Spanish regions. During 18 years of follow‐up 3316 deaths were identified. The dietary inflammatory potential was assessed by means of an inflammatory score of the diet (ISD), calculated using 30 dietetic components and their corresponding inflammatory scores (weights). The association between the ISD and mortality was analyzed by multivariate Cox regression models. There was a significant association between ISD and mortality: subjects classified in the fifth quintile of the ISD (more proinflammatory diets) had a hazard ratio of 1.42 (95%‐confidence interval 1.25–1.60) as compared with those in the first quintile; the corresponding figures were 1.89 (1.48–2.40) for cardiovascular diseases mortality and 1.44 (1.22–1.69) for death by cancer.
Conclusion
Consuming more proinflammatory diets, expressed by means of the ISD, is associated with higher mortality; this effect seems to be stronger for deaths by cardiovascular diseases.
An inflammatory score is calculated to assess the inflammatory potential of the usual diet of about 41 000 Spanish adults. The study analyzes the impact on mortality of the inflammatory potential of diet together with body composition and physical activity. Inactive subjects with proinflammatory diets and abdominal obesity have 46% higher risk of death than nonobese and active subjects with more anti‐inflammatory diets.
Servitization allows manufacturing firms to differentiate themselves from rivals and become more competitive. Scholars have studied the service paradox, but analysis of the relationship between ...servitization and firm performance has provided inconclusive results. In terms of the antecedents that influence this relationship, the literature has tended to focus on firm and product characteristics but not on companies' innovative behavior. This article probes the relationship between servitization and firm performance by focusing on two forms of innovation (technological and open) that may exert an influence. The study draws on the resource‐based view literature to explain the role of interactions between technological innovation, service innovation, and open innovation in enhancing firm performance. Longitudinal empirical analysis was conducted with a sample of Spanish industrial firms for the period 2010–2016. Two time‐lagged models were built and analyzed. The results show that technological innovation influences servitization. This relationship is moderated by open innovation. Servitization mediates the relationship between technological innovation and firm performance. The findings contribute to the literature on servitization and innovation management. Innovation is posited as an antecedent to the service paradox. Products, services, and open innovation should be considered when firms design innovation strategies to improve their performance. Such innovation strategies should lead to an increase in servitization. Service innovation should be supported by open innovation to strengthen technological innovation potential.
Introduction
The presence of iron deficiency (ID) in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) is high. There are few studies on the characteristics of these patients and the safety of ferric ...carboxymaltose administration (FCM).
Objective
Study the differences among patients with AHF based on the presence and type of ID as well as the safety of FCM administration in these patients.
Method
The AHF‐ID study is a multicentre, analytical, prospective follow‐up cohort including patients admitted to six Spanish hospitals for AHF. ID was defined as serum ferritin <100 μg/L (group A) or ferritin 100‐299 μg/L with a TSAT <20% (group B). In cases receiving FCM the appearance of adverse events was analysed. Adjusted Cox regression was used to determine the association with 30‐days reattendance for AHF after discharge.
Results
A total of 221 patients were recruited; 191 (86.4%) presented ID, 121 (63.4%) group A and 70 (36.6%) group B. There were scarce differences between the groups analysed. No differences were found in 30‐days reattendance for AHF. FCM was administered to 158 (71.5%) patients, with 8 (5.1%) presenting adverse events, the most frequent being digestive alterations. Treatment was not discontinued in any case.
Conclusions
There are scarce differences between the presence and the type of ID in patients with AHF. The administration of FCM in patients with ID and AHF is safe.
Sample pooling for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR screening de Salazar, Adolfo; Aguilera, Antonio; Trastoy, Rocio ...
Clinical microbiology and infection,
12/2020, Volume:
26, Issue:
12
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
To evaluate the efficacy of sample pooling compared to the individual analysis for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by using different commercial platforms for nucleic acid ...extraction and amplification.
A total of 3519 nasopharyngeal samples received at nine Spanish clinical microbiology laboratories were processed individually and in pools (342 pools of ten samples and 11 pools of nine samples) according to the existing methodology in place at each centre.
We found that 253 pools (2519 samples) were negative and 99 pools (990 samples) were positive; with 241 positive samples (6.85%), our pooling strategy would have saved 2167 PCR tests. For 29 pools (made out of 290 samples), we found discordant results when compared to their correspondent individual samples, as follows: in 22 of 29 pools (28 samples), minor discordances were found; for seven pools (7 samples), we found major discordances. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for pooling were 97.10% (95% confidence interval (CI), 94.11–98.82), 100%, 100% and 99.79% (95% CI, 99.56–99.90) respectively; accuracy was 99.80% (95% CI, 99.59–99.92), and the kappa concordant coefficient was 0.984. The dilution of samples in our pooling strategy resulted in a median loss of 2.87 (95% CI, 2.46–3.28) cycle threshold (Ct) for E gene, 3.36 (95% CI, 2.89–3.85) Ct for the RdRP gene and 2.99 (95% CI, 2.56–3.43) Ct for the N gene.
We found a high efficiency of pooling strategies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA testing across different RNA extraction and amplification platforms, with excellent performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values.
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In advanced cirrhosis, gut bacterial translocation is the consequence of intestinal barrier disruption and leads to bacterial infection. Bile acid abnormalities in cirrhosis could ...play a role in the integrity of the intestinal barrier and the control of microbiota, mainly through the farnesoid X receptor. We investigated the long-term effects of the farnesoid X receptor agonist, obeticholic acid, on gut bacterial translocation, intestinal microbiota composition, barrier integrity and inflammation in rats with CCl4-induced cirrhosis with ascites.
Cirrhotic rats received a 2-week course of obeticholic acid or vehicle starting once ascites developed. We then determined: bacterial translocation by mesenteric lymph node culture, ileum expression of antimicrobial peptides and tight junction proteins by qPCR, fecal albumin loss, enteric bacterial load and microbiota composition by qPCR and pyrosequencing of ileum mucosa-attached contents, and intestinal inflammation by cytometry of the inflammatory infiltrate.
Obeticholic acid reduced bacterial translocation from 78.3% to 33.3% (p<0.01) and upregulated the expression of the farnesoid X receptor-associated gene small heterodimer partner. Treatment improved ileum expression of antimicrobial peptides, angiogenin-1 and alpha-5-defensin, tight junction proteins zonulin-1 and occludin, and reduced fecal albumin loss and liver fibrosis. Enteric bacterial load normalized, and the distinctive mucosal microbiota of cirrhosis was reduced. Gut immune cell infiltration was reduced and inflammatory cytokine and Toll-like receptor 4 expression normalized.
In ascitic cirrhotic rats, obeticholic acid reduces gut bacterial translocation via several complementary mechanisms at the intestinal level. This agent could be used as an alternative to antibiotics to prevent bacterial infection in cirrhosis.
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