Lymphomatoid papulosis: an update and review Martinez‐Cabriales, S.A.; Walsh, S.; Sade, S. ...
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology,
January 2020, 2020-Jan, 2020-01-00, 20200101, Volume:
34, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a benign chronic often relapsing skin condition that belongs to the CD30‐positive cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders. LyP typically presents as crops of lesions ...with a tendency to self‐resolve, and morphology can range from solitary to agminated or diffuse papules and plaques to nodules or tumours. The clinical–histological spectrum can range from borderline cases to overlap with primary cutaneous anaplastic cell lymphoma (pcALCL). Histology and immunophenotype commonly show overlap with other CD30‐positive disorders and sometimes may be identical to pcALCL, making its diagnosis more difficult. Patients with LyP have an increased risk of developing a second neoplasm such as mycosis fungoides, pcALCL and/or Hodgkin lymphoma. Clinical correlation allows its proper classification and diagnosis, which is fundamental for treatment and prognosis. This review focuses on the clinical appearance, histopathological features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and management of LyP.
Plague, one of the most devastating diseases in human history, is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. The bacteria use a syringe-like macromolecular assembly to secrete various toxins directly ...into the host cells they infect. One such Yersinia outer protein, YopJ, performs the task of dampening innate immune responses in the host by simultaneously inhibiting the MAPK and NFκB signaling pathways. YopJ catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups to serine, threonine, and lysine residues on target proteins. Acetylation of serine and threonine residues prevents them from being phosphorylated thereby preventing the activation of signaling molecules on which they are located. In this study, we describe the requirement of a host-cell factor for full activation of the acetyltransferase activity of YopJ and identify this activating factor to be inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6). We extend the applicability of our results to show that IP6 also stimulates the acetyltransferase activity of AvrA, the YopJ homologue from Salmonella typhimurium. Furthermore, an IP6-induced conformational change in AvrA suggests that IP6 acts as an allosteric activator of enzyme activity. Our results suggest that YopJ-family enzymes are quiescent in the bacterium where they are synthesized, because bacteria lack IP6; once injected into mammalian cells by the pathogen these toxins bind host cell IP6, are activated, and deregulate the MAPK and NFκB signaling pathways thereby subverting innate immunity.
p53 maintains genome integrity by initiating the transcription of genes involved in cell-cycle arrest, senescence, apoptosis and DNA repair. The activity of p53 is regulated by both ...post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions. p53 that has been phosphorylated at S366, S378 and T387 binds 14-3-3 proteins in vitro. Here, we show that these sites are potential 14-3-3 binding sites in vivo. Epsilon (ε) and gamma (γ) isoforms required phosphorylation at either of these sites for efficient interaction with p53, while for sigma (σ) and tau (τ) these sites are dispensable. Further, σ and τ bound more weakly to p53 C-terminal phosphopeptides than did ε and γ. However, the four isoforms bound tightly to di-phosphorylated p53 C-terminal peptides than did the mono-phosphorylated counterparts. Interestingly, all the isoforms studied transcriptionally activated wild-type p53. σ and τ stabilized p53 levels in cells, while ε and γ stimulated p53-DNA binding activity in vitro. Overall, the results suggest that structurally and functionally similar 14-3-3 isoforms may exert their regulatory potential on p53 through different mechanisms. We discuss the isoform-specific roles of 14-3-3 in p53 stabilization and activation of specific-DNA binding.
Syringoid eccrine carcinoma (SEC) is a rare malignant adnexal tumour with variable presentations.
To examine the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of SEC.
Four cases were reviewed ...by three dermatopathologists and the immunohistochemical profile was examined using antibodies against CK5/6, CK7, CK14, CK20, LMWK, HMWK, EMA, mCEA, p63, ER, PR, AR, S-100 and Ber-EP4.
The cases occurred in two men and two women, ranging in age from 61 to 87 years (mean 68.5). Two of the lesions were from the face and two from the trunk. All four lesions were composed of an atypical infiltrative mass with syringoma-like tadpole morphology with ductular differentiation and prominent desmoplasia. Three cases demonstrated perineural invasion and two had positive lymph node metastases. Immunostaining was variable. Immunohistochemistry positivity was as follows: three out of four cases were positive for CK5/6, CK7 (2/4), CK14 (1/3), CK20 (0/2), HMWK (0/2), LMWK (1/2), EMA (3/4), mCEA (4/4), p63 (2/3), ER (2/3), PR (1/2), AR (0/3), S-100 (0/3) and Ber-EP4 (2/2).
SEC can present on the trunk and are not limited to the head and neck region. In addition to syringoma-like tadpole structures and glandular differentiation, these tumours can also exhibit squamoid and cribriform growth patterns. Immunostaining in SEC is variable and this variability is believed to stem from this tumour's ability to differentiate along multiple routes, including sweat secretory and/or ductal differentiation.
COVID-19 is a disease that affects and damages the neurological system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fetal neurodevelopmental status through maternal serum and umbilical cord BDNF ...levels.
In this prospective study, 88 pregnant women were evaluated. Demographic and peripartum characteristics of the patients were recorded. Samples were collected from pregnant women for maternal serum and the umbilical cord BDNF levels during delivery.
In this study, 40 pregnant women hospitalized with COVID-19 formed the infected group and 48 pregnant women without COVID-19 formed the healthy control group. Demographic and postpartum characteristics were similar in both groups. Maternal serum BDNF values were significantly lower in the COVID-19 infected group (1597.0 ± 337.3 pg/ml) than in the healthy group (1783.2 ± 394.1 pg/ml) (p=0.019). Fetal BDNF levels were 1794.9 ± 440.3 pg/ml in the healthy group and 1691.0 ± 368.6 pg/ml in COVID-19 infected pregnant women group and statistically similar between groups (p=0.232).
Results showed that while maternal serum BDNF levels decreased in the presence of COVID-19, there was no difference in umbilical cord BDNF levels. This may be an indication that the fetus is not affected and is protected.
Researchers have explored the fitness consequences of female dominance hierarchies in many primate populations, with most studies highlighting differences in age of maturation, fertility, and ...offspring survival. We use resampling techniques and van Tienderen's (2000) elasticity path analysis to identify rank-related differences in finite rate of increase (λ) and their demographic correlates among segments of a semi-free-ranging rhesus macaque population. Higher-ranking population segments grew at greater rates for some portions of the 40-yr study period. The female members of these segments achieved these lifetime fitness differences through higher fertility and especially higher adult survival rates. This is the first clear evidence that social rank influences female primate adult survival, and is a crucial fitness component for any long-lived, slow-reproducing animal. Traditional methods of comparing lifespans, and other life history variables, among rank categories fail to identify most of the rank-related differences primarily because they require completed life histories that are available only on a small number of the females known in the population.
Evaluation of clinical appearance, diagnosis and management of 3 HIV-1 patients, treated with a Ritonavir containing HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy) who presented with adrenal ...suppression and Cushing's syndrome following the initiation of inhaled Fluticasone.
Measurements of photon emission and substrate current in metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors at various temperatures have been carried out using electrical and NIR microscopy. The ...results received at room temperature have extended the correlation between the substrate current and the photon emission, which was previously found in the visible, to the NIR range. On the basis of this correlation, an empirical model based on the substrate current was used to describe the static emission intensity dependence on the transistor bias. Temperature resolved measurements show that the correlation between emission intensity and the substrate current appears to be coincidental.
A warm body emits radiation whose intensity I is dependent on the surface temperature T. For T near room temperature this radiation is mostly in the mid-IR. Radiometric measurement of I is often used ...for non contact thermometry. Temperature measurements in situ and in remote locations can be carried out using optical fibers, but one needs fibers that are highly transparent in the mid-IR. Our group has developed fibers made of silver halides. These are flexible, nontoxic, not hygroscopic and highly transparent in the mid IR. These fibers served for the development of a novel fiberoptic radiometer. Using this radiometer we have measured the temperatures of samples while being imaged in an MRI system. The presence of the fibers inside the MRI system did not interfere with the operation of the MRI nor did not the MRI system affect the radiometer. The temperature measurements were made with accuracy of 0.3 degrees C, response time of 1 s and spatial resolution of 1 mm. Fiberoptic radiometers would be highly suitable for temperature measurement of human tissues, for example during surgical procedures done inside an MRI system.
PDF
