Most mono- and co-culture bioprocess applications rely on large-scale suspension fermentation technologies that are not easily portable, reusable, or suitable for on-demand production. Here, we ...describe a hydrogel system for harnessing the bioactivity of embedded microbes for on-demand small molecule and peptide production in microbial mono-culture and consortia. This platform bypasses the challenges of engineering a multi-organism consortia by utilizing a temperature-responsive, shear-thinning hydrogel to compartmentalize organisms into polymeric hydrogels that control the final consortium composition and dynamics without the need for synthetic control of mutualism. We demonstrate that these hydrogels provide protection from preservation techniques (including lyophilization) and can sustain metabolic function for over 1 year of repeated use. This approach was utilized for the production of four chemical compounds, a peptide antibiotic, and carbohydrate catabolism by using either mono-cultures or co-cultures. The printed microbe-laden hydrogel constructs' efficiency in repeated production phases, both pre- and post-preservation, outperforms liquid culture.
Hesitant fuzzy set (HFS) is more flexible and general tool in comparison to fuzzy set theory. There is not yet reported an aggregation operator (AO) which can provide desirable generality, ...flexibility and compatibility in adjusting risk preferences while aggregating attribute values under hesitant fuzzy (HF) environment, although based on algebraic
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-norm and
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-conorm, Einstein
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-norm and
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-conorm, Hammacher
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-norm and
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-conorm, Dombi
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-norm and
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-conorm and Frank
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-norm and
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-conorm; weighted AOs have been developed earlier to attempt to meet above such eventualities. So, the primary objective of this paper is to develop some general, flexible as well as compatible AOs that can be exploited to solve MADM problems with HF information. From this perspective, at the very beginning, we develop new operations between HFEs by uniting the features of Archimedean and Dombi operations. Next, based on these operations, we develop HF Archimedean-Dombi weighted arithmetic and geometric AOs, HF Archimedean-Dombi ordered weighted arithmetic and geometric AOs and HF Archimedean-Dombi hybrid arithmetic and geometric AOs. We have shown that the existing HF-algebraic weighted AOs, HF-Einstein weighted AOs and HF-Hammacher weighted AOs are special cases of our developed AOs. We discuss in detail some intriguing properties of the proposed AOs. Next, we establish a procedure of MADM endowed by the proposed operators under HF environment. Then, we present a practical example concerning the personnel selection to gloss the decision steps of the proposed method. We also conduct a validity test to show that our proposed AOs are authentic and legal. Moreover, we exhibit a sensitivity investigation with diverse criteria weight sets to examine the stability of our proposed intriguing approach. Also, we draw attention toward a comparison between the existing decision-making methods with the proposed method to prove the superiority of our model.
In a pure inverse seesaw framework, achieving a substantial lepton asymmetry that can be converted into the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe is extremely challenging. The difficulty arises ...primarily due to two reasons, (i) partial cancellation of the lepton asymmetries associated with the components of a pseudo-Dirac pair, and (ii) strong wash out caused by the inverse decays. In this work we offer two possible resolutions to overcome the above mentioned challenges considering a (3,3) ISS framework. Our first proposal is based on the assumption of a non-standard cosmological era in the pre-BBN epoch, that triggers a faster expansion of the Universe, thereby reducing the washout by several orders of magnitude. The second proposition is an alternative of first which considers a quasi-degenerate mass spectrum for the singlet heavy neutrinos, resulting into a larger order of lepton asymmetry that survives the impact of strong washout to account for the observed BAU. The viable parameters space, as obtained can be tested at present and future Lepton Flavour Violation experiments e.g. MEG and MEG II.
The present study developed a multistandard color chart for detecting uranium (U) by arsenazo III using digital cameras with color tool measurements and compared it with conventional methods. The ...color chart is red to dark red as monochromatic for cameras. The detection limit is 5 ng/mL using a preconcentration factor of 100, which is well below WHO guidelines. The digital cameras showed lower bias and better trueness compared to the conventional methods. This provides an advantage in portability, ease of analysis, and no need for high-end instruments/radiochemical laboratories for U analysis in drinking water.
Local magnetic imaging at nanoscale resolution is desirable for basic studies of magnetic materials and for magnetic logic and memories. However, such local imaging is hard to achieve by means of ...standard magnetic force microscopy. Other techniques require low temperatures, high vacuum, or strict limitations on the sample conditions. A simple and robust method is presented for locally resolved magnetic imaging based on short‐range spin‐exchange interactions that can be scaled down to atomic resolution. The presented method requires a conventional AFM tip functionalized with a chiral molecule. In proximity to the measured magnetic sample, charge redistribution in the chiral molecule leads to a transient spin state, caused by the chiral‐induced spin‐selectivity effect, followed by the exchange interaction with the imaged sample. While magnetic force microscopy imaging strongly depends on a large working distance, an accurate image is achieved using the molecular tip in proximity to the sample. The chiral molecules' spin‐exchange interaction is found to be 150 meV. Using the tip with the adsorbed chiral molecules, two oppositely magnetized samples are characterized, and a magnetic imaging is performed. This method is simple to perform at room temperature and does not require high‐vacuum conditions.
Local magnetic imaging at nanoscale resolution is desirable for basic studies of magnetic materials and for numerous applications. However, such local imaging is hard to achieve by means of standard magnetic force microscopy. A simple and robust method for local magnetic imaging based on short‐range spin exchange interactions realized with a chiral‐molecule‐functionalized AFM tip is presented.
The unprecedented volume and rate of transient events that will be discovered by the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) demand that the astronomical community update its follow-up paradigm. ...Alert-brokers-automated software system to sift through, characterize, annotate, and prioritize events for follow-up-will be critical tools for managing alert streams in the LSST era. The Arizona-NOAO Temporal Analysis and Response to Events System (ANTARES) is one such broker. In this work, we develop a machine learning pipeline to characterize and classify variable and transient sources only using the available multiband optical photometry. We describe three illustrative stages of the pipeline, serving the three goals of early, intermediate, and retrospective classification of alerts. The first takes the form of variable versus transient categorization, the second a multiclass typing of the combined variable and transient data set, and the third a purity-driven subtyping of a transient class. Although several similar algorithms have proven themselves in simulations, we validate their performance on real observations for the first time. We quantitatively evaluate our pipeline on sparse, unevenly sampled, heteroskedastic data from various existing observational campaigns, and demonstrate very competitive classification performance. We describe our progress toward adapting the pipeline developed in this work into a real-time broker working on live alert streams from time-domain surveys.
The
-linked β-
-acetylglucosamine (
-GlcNAc) glycosylation of proteins is an essential and dynamic post-translational modification in mammalian cells that is regulated by the action of two enzymes.
...-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) incorporates this monosaccharide on serine/threonine residues, whereas
-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes it. This modification is found on thousands of intracellular proteins involved in vital cellular processes, both under physiological and pathological conditions. Aberrant expression of
-GlcNAc has been implicated in diseases such as Alzheimer, diabetes, and cancer, and growing evidence over the last decade has also revealed key implications of
-GlcNAcylation in immunity. While some key signaling pathways involving
-GlcNAcylation in immune cells have been discovered, a complete mechanistic understanding of how
-GlcNAcylated proteins function in the immune system remains elusive, partly because of the difficulties in mapping and quantifying
-GlcNAc sites. In this minireview, we discuss recent progress on chemical biology tools and approaches to investigate the role of
-GlcNAcylation in immune cells, with the intention of encouraging further research and developments in chemical glycoimmunology that can advance our understanding of
-GlcNAc in immunity.
Herein, we describe a method to 3D print robust hydrogels and hydrogel composites via gel-in-gel 3D printing with catalytically activated polymerization to induce cross-linking. A polymerizable ...shear-thinning hydrogel ink with tetramethylethylenediamine as catalyst was directly extruded into a shear-thinning hydrogel support bath with ammonium persulfate as initiator in a pattern-wise manner. When the two gels came into contact, the free radicals generated by the catalyst initiated the free-radical polymerization of the hydrogel ink. Unlike photocuring, a catalyst-initiated polymerization is suitable for printing hydrogel composites of varying opacity, since it does not depend upon light penetration through the sample. The hydrogel support bath also exhibited a temperature-responsive behavior in which the gel “melted” upon cooling below 16 °C. Therefore, the printed object was easily removed by cooling the gel to a liquid state. Hydrogel composites with graphene oxide and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were successfully printed. The printed composites with MWCNTs afforded photothermally active objects, which have utility as stimuli-responsive actuators.
ZnO/SiO
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nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesized and assessed for their ability to degrade the carcinogenic compound malachite green (MG) under collected sunlight, employing a parabolic solar ...collector for enhanced energy collection. The ZnO/SiO
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NCs and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) underwent characterization through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The XRD analysis confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO NPs, with particle diameters ranging from 14 to 18 nm, while the nanocomposites exhibited sizes in the range of 14–19 nm. TEM images yielded an average particle size of 17 nm for ZnO NPs and 21 nm for NCs. The band gap energy of the NCs was measured at 3.30 eV, indicating a slight red shift compared to bulk ZnO (3.37 eV).Furthermore, BET surface area measurements unveiled a microporous structure in the nanocomposites, accompanied by an increased surface area. Kinetic studies revealed a pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, demonstrating faster photodecomposition for the nanocomposites at an optimal catalyst concentration of 0.5 g per 100 ml under neutral pH conditions. Remarkably, the maximum photodegradation efficiency re ached an impressive 98.8% for ZnO/SiO
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NCs and 96.8% for ZnO NPs within a mere 40 minute exposure to collected sunlight. The utilization of a solar collector contributed to a significant 40% enhancement in photodegradation efficiency compared to natural sunlight. This study underscores the substantial improvement in the photodegradation efficiency of ZnO/SiO
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nanocomposites, highlighting their potential as heterogeneous photocatalysts that harness solar energy as a renewable and cost-effective resource.
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