Some indices of food texture were not enough to reproduce the kinetic energy. Therefore, we developed a device and an index (Energy Texture Index, ETI) that enables one to measure the kinetic energy ...of vibration by the food fracture using a probe mass obtained by a free running. It enabled one to define another index (Food Friction Index, FFI) that was also proposed to measure a friction of probe against a food sample. The ETI and FFI were measured for apple, persimmon, and banana as examples. The ETI and FFI showed a characteristic difference between the three fruit samples. The FFI was found to be constant even if the insertion velocity into sample is changed. The ETI and FFI have possibilities to show a new facet of food texture.
•A new device with a free running probe was developed to measure kinetic energy of acoustic vibration on rapture of food.•A new Energy Texture Index (ETI) to estimate the kinetic energy was defined.•The free running of probe enabled one to define another Food Friction Index (FFI) of a food sample.•The ETI and FFI unveiled facets characteristic of food texture.
The Large Hadron Collider forward (LHCf) experiment is designed to use the LHC to verify the hadronic-interaction models used in cosmic-ray physics. Forward baryon production is one of the crucial ...points to understand the development of cosmic-ray showers. We report the neutron-energy spectra for LHC s=7 TeV proton–proton collisions with the pseudo-rapidity η ranging from 8.81 to 8.99, from 8.99 to 9.22, and from 10.76 to infinity. The measured energy spectra obtained from the two independent calorimeters of Arm1 and Arm2 show the same characteristic feature before unfolding the detector responses. We unfolded the measured spectra by using the multidimensional unfolding method based on Bayesian theory, and the unfolded spectra were compared with current hadronic-interaction models. The QGSJET II-03 model predicts a high neutron production rate at the highest pseudo-rapidity range similar to our results, and the DPMJET 3.04 model describes our results well at the lower pseudo-rapidity ranges. However, no model perfectly explains the experimental results over the entire pseudo-rapidity range. The experimental data indicate a more abundant neutron production rate relative to the photon production than any model predictions studied here.
Background
Oscillatory activities observed in multiple regions are closely associated with the experience of pain. Specifically, oscillatory activities within the theta‐ and beta‐frequency bands, ...observed in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), have been implicated in pain perception among healthy individuals and those with chronic pain. However, their physiological significance remains unclear.
Methods
We explored the modulation of pain perception in healthy individuals by theta‐ and beta‐band transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over the left DLPFC and examined the relationship between the modulation effect and magnitude of the electric field elicited by tACS in the left DLPFC using computational simulation.
Results
Our findings revealed that both theta‐ and beta‐tACS increased the heat pain threshold during and after stimulation. Notably, the simulated electric field magnitude in the left DLPFC exhibited an inverted U‐shaped relationship with the pain modulation effect for theta‐tACS.
Conclusions
Our study findings suggested that there would be an optimal electric field strength to produce a high analgesic effect for theta‐tACS.
Significance
The application of theta‐ and beta‐tACS interventions targeting the left DLPFC might facilitate the treatment of chronic pain. Furthermore, the attainment of effective pain modulation via theta‐tACS over the DLPFC warrants the use of optimal stimulus intensity.
The differential cross sections for inclusive neutral pions as a function of transverse and longitudinal momentum in the very forward-rapidity region have been measured at the LHC with the LHC ...forward detector in proton-proton collisions at sradical=2.76 and 7 TeV and in proton-lead collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of super()sNNradical=5.02TeV. Such differential cross sections in proton-proton collisions are compatible with the hypotheses of limiting fragmentation and Feynman scaling. Comparing proton-proton with proton-lead collisions, we find a sizable suppression of the production of neutral pions in the differential cross sections after subtraction of ultraperipheral proton-lead collisions. This suppression corresponds to the nuclear modification factor value of about 0.1-0.3. The experimental measurements presented in this paper provide a benchmark for the hadronic interaction Monte Carlo simulation codes that are used for the simulation of cosmic ray air showers.
A
bstract
In this paper, we report the measurement of the energy flow, the cross section and the average inelasticity of forward neutrons (+ antineutrons) produced in
s
= 13 TeV proton-proton ...collisions. These quantities are obtained from the inclusive differential production cross section, measured using the LHCf Arm2 detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are performed in six pseudorapidity regions: three of them (
η >
10
.
75, 8
.
99
< η <
9
.
21 and 8
.
80
< η <
8
.
99), albeit with smaller acceptance and larger uncertainties, were already published in a previous work, whereas the remaining three (10
.
06
< η <
10
.
75, 9
.
65
< η <
10
.
06 and 8
.
65
< η <
8
.
80) are presented here for the first time. The analysis was carried out using a data set acquired in June 2015 with a corresponding integrated luminosity of 0
.
194 nb
−
1
. Comparing the experimental measurements with the expectations of several hadronic interaction models used to simulate cosmic ray air showers, none of these generators resulted to have a satisfactory agreement in all the phase space selected for the analysis. The inclusive differential production cross section for
η >
10
.
75 is not reproduced by any model, whereas the results still indicate a significant but less serious deviation at lower pseudorapidities. Depending on the pseudorapidity region, the generators showing the best overall agreement with data are either SIBYLL 2.3 or EPOS-LHC. Furthermore, apart from the most forward region, the derived energy flow and cross section distributions are best reproduced by EPOS-LHC. Finally, even if none of the models describe the elasticity distribution in a satisfactory way, the extracted average inelasticity is consistent with the QGSJET II-04 value, while most of the other generators give values that lie just outside the experimental uncertainties.
In this paper, we report the production cross-section of forward photons in the pseudorapidity regions of η>10.94 and 8.99>η>8.81, measured by the LHCf experiment with proton–proton collisions at ...s=13TeV. The results from the analysis of 0.191nb−1 of data obtained in June 2015 are compared to the predictions of several hadronic interaction models that are used in air-shower simulations for ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. Although none of the models agree perfectly with the data, EPOS-LHC shows the best agreement with the experimental data among the models.
A
bstract
In this paper, we report the measurement relative to the production of forward neutrons in proton-proton collisions at
s
=
13
TeV obtained using the LHCf Arm2 detector at the Large Hadron ...Collider. The results for the inclusive differential production cross section are presented as a function of energy in three different pseudorapidity regions:
η
> 10.76, 8.99 <
η
< 9.22 and 8.81 <
η
< 8.99. The analysis was performed using a data set acquired in June 2015 that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 0.194 nb
−1
. The measurements were compared with the predictions of several hadronic interaction models used to simulate air showers generated by Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays. None of these generators showed good agreement with the data for all pseudorapidity intervals. For
η
> 10.76, no model is able to reproduce the observed peak structure at around 5 TeV and all models underestimate the total production cross section: among them, QGSJET II-04 shows the smallest deficit with respect to data for the whole energy range. For 8.99 <
η
< 9.22 and 8.81 <
η
< 8.99, the models having the best overall agreement with data are SIBYLL 2.3 and EPOS-LHC, respectively: in particular, in both regions SIBYLL 2.3 is able to reproduce the observed peak structure at around 1.5–2.5 TeV.
A
bstract
The forward
η
mesons production has been observed by the Large Hadron Collider forward (LHCf) experiment in proton-proton collision at
s
= 13 TeV. This paper presents the measurement of the ...inclusive production rate of
η
in
p
T
<
1
.
1 GeV/c, expressed as a function of the Feynman-
x
variable. These results are compared with the predictions of several hadronic interaction models commonly used for the modelling of the air showers produced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays. This is both the first measurement of
η
mesons from LHCf and the first time a particle containing strange quarks has been observed in the forward region for high-energy collisions. These results will provide a powerful constraint on hadronic interaction models for the purpose of improving the understanding of the processes underlying the air showers produced in the Earth’s atmosphere by ultra-energetic cosmic rays.
Two dogs with anorexia and rapid weight loss were referred to our hospital due to a right renal mass and several pulmonary nodules. Both dogs underwent needle core biopsy of the mass, followed by ...transarterial chemoembolisation of the renal mass. A catheter was inserted from the femoral artery and advanced into the right renal artery. A suspension of carboplatin (100 mg/m2) and equivalent lipiodol was administered via the inserted multipurpose catheter. Immediately after, under fluoroscopic guidance, pulse injections of small amounts of gelatin particles (diameter 1 mm) dissolved in iohexol were administered until complete embolisation of the renal artery. Histopathologic diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma in both dogs. Clinical signs improved for 134 and 358 days after transarterial chemoembolisation. In addition, postoperative radiographs demonstrated a decrease in the tumour size. The dogs died 215 and 525 days after the initial evaluation, respectively. As a palliative treatment, transarterial chemoembolisation might help reduce the tumour volume and improve the quality of life in dogs with renal cell carcinoma and distant metastases.
Congenital portopulmonary shunt in a cat Terai, K.; Ishigaki, K.; Sakamoto, Y. ...
Journal of small animal practice,
November 2022, Volume:
63, Issue:
11
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
A 9‐year‐old spayed female crossbreed cat with chief complaints of anorexia and hypersalivation had high serum concentrations of ammonia and fasting and postprandial total bile acid. Therefore, she ...was referred to our hospital. On the first evaluation, haematology, serum chemistry, radiography and ultrasonography findings suggested that she had a congenital portosystemic shunt. CT revealed a shunt vessel from the left gastric vein to the left pulmonary vein. During median celiotomy and sternotomy, gross findings and mesenteric portography revealed abnormal vessel shunting from the left gastric vein to the left pulmonary vein. Complete ligation of the shunt vessel was achieved. She recovered without any complications. Postoperative serum chemistry revealed that ammonia and total bile acid levels decreased to within the reference intervals. This report is the first to describe the clinical features and surgical outcome of a cat with a congenital portopulmonary shunt.
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