El objetivo de este artículo es abordar la política religiosa de José de la Serna, jefe político y vice-patrono del Perú (1820-1824), —reorganización de obispados y sus jurisdicciones, relación con ...la jerarquía eclesiástica, cargas fiscales extraordinarias sobre bienes y rentas eclesiásticas, provisión de curatos, reforma de regulares— y la actitud ambivalente de la institución eclesiástica ante la Constitución de 1812, bien asumiendo cierto liberalismo católico o bien asumiendo posiciones absolutistas en pro de la alianza de Dios y el trono, la subordinación al papado y el rechazo al independentismo, al que se equiparó con la idolatría.
Este artículo presenta un análisis crítico discursivo en torno al concepto de salud menstrual en una serie de textos publicados en formato de libro y en las redes sociales en los últimos cinco años ...(2019-2023) por distintas activistas y educadoras menstruales de Argentina. En un itinerario de lectura que va de lo singular a lo colectivo, identifico la configuración de una episteme experiencial que redefine el cuerpo menstruante como informacional y multidimensional, lo que habilita que, además de una dimensión fisiológica, se reivindique su rol en los distintos contextos social, político, cultural, ambiental y económico. Ubico estos ejemplos en el marco de la precarización neoliberal que instala la cultura terapéutico-managerial como imperativo moral, al mismo tiempo que interpela a ciertas subjetividades con privilegio relativo —mujeres blancas, urbanas, capacitadas y formadas— a disputar y tensionar sentidos.
This article presents a critical discursive analysis around the concept of menstrual health in a series of texts published in book format and in social networks in the last five years (2019-2023) by different activists and menstrual educators in Argentina. In a reading itinerary that goes from the singular to the collective, I identify the configuration of an experiential episteme that redefines the menstruating body as informational and multidimensional, which enables that, in addition to a physiological dimension, its role in different social, political, cultural, environmental and economic contexts is vindicated. I place these examples in the context of the neoliberal precariousness that installs the therapeutic-managerial culture as a moral imperative, while at the same time it challenges certain subjectivities with relative privilege —white, urban, trained and educated women— to dispute and strain meanings.
A multifactorial and multistep model of gastric cancer (GC) is currently accepted, according to which different environmental and genetic factors are involved at different stages in the cancer ...process. The aim of this article is to review the most relevant information published on the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors. Large meta‐analyses confirmed the association between IL8, IL10, TNF‐b, TP53 and PSCA, while genetic variation at different genes such as XPG, PLCE1, HFE, ERCC5, EZH2, DOC2, CYP19A1, ALDH2, and CDH1 have been reported to be associated with GC risk. Several microRNAs have also been associated with GC and their prognosis. Cohort studies have shown the association between GC and fruit, flavonoid, total antioxidant capacity, and green tea intake. Obesity was associated with cardia GC, heme iron intake from meat with GC risk. Several large meta‐analyses have confirmed the positive association of GC with salt intake and pickled foods and the negative association with aspirin use.
Este artículo aborda dos propuestas de la sociedad civil pertenecientes al Movimiento Activista Materno en Argentina, con el propósito de describir y analizar qué tipo de retóricas se ponen en juego ...en contextos de reapropiación subjetiva y discursiva de la vivencia materna, en especial en un momento de gran auge de los activismos de género en América Latina. Para ello, se utiliza la etnografía feminista como metodología de análisis que apunta al conocimiento (multi)situado, al reconocimiento de las madres como sujetas creadoras culturales, y a la identificación e interpretación de aquellos sesgos de género que aparecen en el lenguaje y que son reproducidos en los discursos. Como técnica, el Análisis Crítico del Discurso permite atender textualidades de diversa naturaleza semiótica (conversaciones de la realidad física y narrativas online) y desentrañar los elementos de poder y de desigualdad que se reproducen en ellas, a veces de manera implícita, otras veces explícitamente. Los resultados muestran que la maternidad sigue siendo un campo de disputas entre los procesos socioculturales que despliegan sobre ella una serie de tecnologías (entre ellas, las de género) y las reapropiaciones de sentido que llevan a cabo las subjetividades en su vivencia personal y colectiva.
The compound 2,5-di(hydroxymethyl)furan (DHMF) is a high-value chemical block that can be synthesized from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a platform chemical that results from the dehydration of ...biomass-derived carbohydrates. In this work, the HMF biotransformation capability of different Fusarium species was evaluated, and F. striatum was selected to produce DHMF. The effects of the inoculum size, glucose concentration and pH of the media over DHMF production were evaluated by a 23 factorial design. A substrate feeding approach was found suitable to overcome the toxicity effect of HMF towards the cells when added at high concentrations (>75 mM). The process was successfully scaled-up at bioreactor scale (1.3 L working volume) with excellent DHMF production yields (95%) and selectivity (98%). DHMF was purified from the reaction media with high recovery and purity by organic solvent extraction with ethyl acetate.
The preparation of compounds of interest from biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has attracted considerable attention. One such compound is 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), obtained through ...oxidation of the hydroxyl group of HMF. Herein, we describe for the first time the whole-cell oxidation of HMF to DFF by Fusarium culmorum EAN 51. Although the chemocatalytic transformation of HMF into DFF has been widely studied, biocatalytic processes have been scarcely reported and are limited to enzymatic synthesis using the combination of several enzymes. The whole-cell transformation of HMF into DFF is preferable thanks to the inherent presence of the different enzymes, significantly reducing the cost of the process. F. culmorum showed a high capability to reduce to 2,5-di(hydroxymethyl)furan (DHMF) and oxidize to DFF the substrate with high yields depending on the nitrogen source and the concentration of peptone and glucose in the media, which highly affected the redox capability of this strain. After careful optimization of the concentration of both nutrients through response surface methodology, 50 mM HMF were transformed into DFF with a high yield (92%) and selectivity (94%). These results open a new line of investigation in the sustainable production of DFF from renewable biobased resources.
El presente trabajo pretende dar a conocer el excepcional hallazgo de una tabula lusoria aparecida durante la campaña de 2019 en el castellum republicano de Puig Castellar de Biosca en Lleida. La ...particularidad de este hallazgo radica en su localización en un complejo militar de la fase inicial de la conquista romana con una cronología muy ajustada que se sitúa entre el 180 y el 120 a. C., y en el hecho de que apareció en su disposición original, en uno de los espacios destinados al alojamiento de la tropa. Estos dos elementos nos permiten afirmar que nos hallamos ante uno de los primeros ejemplos bien datados de un tablero de juego en la península ibérica que nos proporciona pistas sobre la actividad de los soldados en sus momentos de ocio, y nos habla también de la existencia de componentes itálicos entre estos, ya que los juegos sobre tablero serían un pasatiempo desconocido para las poblaciones autóctonas hasta ese momento.
On 25 June 2021, the Law on Euthanasia in Spain came into force, providing for two modes of helping an individual end their life: euthanasia and/or medically assisted suicide. Among the requisites ...that a request for euthanasia has to fulfil are that the individual must be suffering a severe, chronic and debilitating condition or a severe and incurable disease, at the same time as that person shows the necessary competence to decide. The possibility exists that a patient suffering mental health problems submits such a request; however, the specific characteristics of a mental health disorder make such a request considerably more complex. In this article, based on a narrative review of the law itself and the related literature, the requisites established under the law are analysed from an ethical-legal perspective with the aim of defining when a request for euthanasia from a person with a mental health disorder may be deemed legitimate and in line with legal provisions. This should help clinicians make rational, reasoned decisions when dealing with a request of this type.
The aim of this paper is to provide data for the knowledge of the strategies followed by Rome to take effective control of the Citerior Province of Hispania during the 2nd century BC. We will analyse ...two settlements of the north-eastern region, namely Puig Castellar de Biosca (Province of Lleida) and Can Tacó (Province of Barcelona), that will serve to gauge the degree of Roman territorial implementation and under what forms this power will be consolidated.
The period that interests us ranges from the end of the second Punic-Roman conflict to the first decades of the 1st century BC. It was a slow process in which Rome did not have a pre-established plan of action but was adapting its strategy to the different circumstances and stages of the conquest. The end of all this was the final control and pacification of the country.
While all the researchers have a common understanding that during the first phase of control of the Hispanic territories the army played the most important role, the main discrepancies are related to the nature and characteristics of this occupation. The main focus in this discussion has its centre in the need to define how the Roman Army embodied his presence in Hispania during the first century of conquest and to characterise the different settlements in order to identify and determine with precision their military character or their connection with the process of conquest without a strictly military function.
Funding: This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (De la consolidación del poder militar romana a la fundación de ciudades (mediados del siglo II a.C.-principios del siglo I d.C). en la Cuenca del rio Segre: Iesso y Iulia Libica DGYCIT PID2019-104120GB-I00-2023-2021), and the Department of Culture of the Catalan Autonomous Government (La conquesta romana a la Catalunya interior: l’exemple de Puig Castellar (Biosca), CLT009/18/00014).
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