Metastatic breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women in the Western world. To date most research efforts have focused on the molecular analysis of the primary ...tumour to dissect the genotypes of the disease. However, accumulating evidence supports a molecular evolution of breast cancer during its life cycle, with metastatic lesions acquiring new molecular aberrations. Recognising this critical gap of knowledge, the Breast International Group is launching AURORA, a large, multinational, collaborative metastatic breast cancer molecular screening programme. Approximately 1300 patients with metastatic breast cancer who have received no more than one line of systemic treatment for advanced disease will, after giving informed consent, donate archived primary tumour tissue, as well as will donate tissue collected prospectively from the biopsy of metastatic lesions and blood. Both tumour tissue types, together with a blood sample, will then be subjected to next generation sequencing for a panel of cancer-related genes. The patients will be treated at the discretion of their treating physicians per standard local practice, and they will be followed for clinical outcome for 10 years. Alternatively, depending on the molecular profiles found, patients will be directed to innovative clinical trials assessing molecularly targeted agents. Samples of outlier patients considered as 'exceptional responders' or as 'rapid progressors' based on the clinical follow-up will be subjected to deeper molecular characterisation in order to identify new prognostic and predictive biomarkers. AURORA, through its innovative design, will shed light onto some of the unknown areas of metastatic breast cancer, helping to improve the clinical outcome of breast cancer patients.
Layered hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites have gained interest in the scientific community due to their feasibility of being used as phase transition materials to store energy by their ...polymorphism transitions. These compounds represent excellent candidates for cooling electronic devices, given that approximately 55 % of electronic device failures or damage is attributed to internal overheating. Here, we synthesized (C12H25N)2CuCl4, (C14H29N)2CuCl4, (C16H33N)2CuCl4, (C12H24N)2MnCl4, (C14H29N)2MnCl4 and (C16H33N)2MnCl4 to evaluate their potential as thermal regulators and to investigate the dependence of their properties on the length of the alkylamine used. The compounds were synthesized by a liquid phase reaction method and the thermal cycling effect was evaluated after 0, 50, 100 and 200 cycles, between 298 K and 333 K. The crystal structure, molecular structure, and thermal properties of the compounds were characterized and compared before and after the thermal cycling. The maximum enthalpy was obtained for the (C16H33N)2CuCl4 and (C16H33N)2MnCl4 with 98.1 and 90.5 J·g−1, respectively. Additionally, all the components were thermally stable up to 200 cycles, with no evidence of structural degradation or thermal properties decreases. Therefore, our results show that these layered hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites could work as effective thermal regulators. By carefully selecting the alkylamine length, it may be possible to optimize their performance further.
•Tailoring thermal properties by varying the alkylammonium length in LHOIP•Description of structural dependence with the length of the alkylammonium chain is described.•An increase in the length of the alkylammonium chain provides higher enthalpies.•Thermal stability validated of the LHIOP components up to 200 thermal cycles.
The GlueX beamline and detector Akondi, C.S.; Barbosa, F.; Barsotti, R. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
01/2021, Volume:
987
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab has been designed to study photoproduction reactions with a 9-GeV linearly polarized photon beam. The energy and arrival time of beam photons are tagged using a ...scintillator hodoscope and a scintillating fiber array. The photon flux is determined using a pair spectrometer, while the linear polarization of the photon beam is determined using a polarimeter based on triplet photoproduction. Charged-particle tracks from interactions in the central target are analyzed in a solenoidal field using a central straw-tube drift chamber and six packages of planar chambers with cathode strips and drift wires. Electromagnetic showers are reconstructed in a cylindrical scintillating fiber calorimeter inside the magnet and a lead-glass array downstream. Charged particle identification is achieved by measuring energy loss in the wire chambers and using the flight time of particles between the target and detectors outside the magnet. The signals from all detectors are recorded with flash ADCs and/or pipeline TDCs into memories allowing trigger decisions with a latency of 3.3 μs. The detector operates routinely at trigger rates of 40 kHz and data rates of 600 megabytes per second. We describe the photon beam, the GlueX detector components, electronics, data-acquisition and monitoring systems, and the performance of the experiment during the first three years of operation.
Solid-solid phase change materials (ss-PCMs) are promising materials for thermal energy storage applications because they do not require shape stabilisation or encapsulation. In addition, depending ...on the ss-PCM used, they can reduce corrosion issues and allow faster charging and discharging. Organometallic ss-PCM, particularly layered hybrid organic-inorganic compounds, have been investigated in this work due to the scientific interest in their potential use as phase change materials to store energy via polymorphic transitions. Here we have assessed the synthesis of (C12H28N)2CuCl4, a potential material for thermal energy storage. The transition enthalpy and specific heat are the key values to maximise. Two different synthesis procedures were followed: reflux and recrystallisation, and direct synthesis. Three different solvents were also used: methanol, ethanol and isopropanol. In order to find out which processes and solvent media were most promising, the synthesis yield, crystal and molecular structure, and thermal parameters such as transition enthalpy and specific heat were evaluated. Direct synthesis processes produced the most promising material for thermal energy storage due to higher yield and better enthalpy ratio.
•Two synthesis methods were successfully used to obtain CuC12.•The viability of using methanol, ethanol and isopropanol as solvents was proven.•The CuC12 presents two polymorphic transitions with a total latent heat of 78 Jg-1.•The polymorphic transitions take place at 329 K and 336 K.•Better TES performance was achieved in the direct method synthesis.
Here, we report the total and differential cross sections for $J/\psi$ photoproduction with the large acceptance GlueX spectrometer for photon beam energies from the threshold at 8.2 GeV up to 11.44 ...GeV and over the full kinematic range of momentum transfer squared, $t$. Such coverage facilitates the extrapolation of the differential cross sections to the forward ($t = 0$) point beyond the physical region. The forward cross section is used by many theoretical models and plays an important role in understanding $J/\psi$ photoproduction and its relation to the $J/\psi$-proton interaction. These measurements of $J/\psi$ photoproduction near threshold are also crucial inputs to theoretical models that are used to study important aspects of the gluon structure of the proton, such as the gluon Generalized Parton Distribution (GPD) of the proton, the mass radius of the proton, and the trace anomaly contribution to the proton mass. We observe possible structures in the total cross section energy dependence and find evidence for contributions beyond gluon exchange in the differential cross section close to threshold, both of which are consistent with contributions from open-charm intermediate states.
First measurements of double-polarization observables in ω photoproduction off the proton are presented using transverse target polarization and data from the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer ...(CLAS) FROST experiment at Jefferson Lab. The beam-target asymmetry F has been measured using circularly polarized, tagged photons in the energy range 1200-2700 MeV, and the beam-target asymmetries H and P have been measured using linearly polarized, tagged photons in the energy range 1200-2000 MeV. These measurements significantly increase the database on polarization observables. The results are included in two partial-wave analyses and reveal significant contributions from several nucleon (N^{*}) resonances. In particular, contributions from new N^{*} resonances listed in the Review of Particle Properties are observed, which aid in reaching the goal of mapping out the nucleon resonance spectrum.
We report the first measurement of the transverse momentum dependence of double-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive production of pions in deep-inelastic scattering off the longitudinally polarized ...proton. Data have been obtained using a polarized electron beam of 5.7 GeV with the CLAS detector at the Jefferson Lab (JLab). Modulations of single spin asymmetries over the azimuthal angle between lepton scattering and hadron production planes ϕ have been measured over a wide kinematic range in Bjorken x and virtual photon squared four-momentum Q2. A significant nonzero sin2ϕ single spin asymmetry was observed for the first time indicating strong spin-orbit correlations for transversely polarized quarks in the longitudinally polarized proton.
Academic, industry, regulatory leaders and patient advocates in cancer clinical research met in November 2018 at the Innovation and Biomarkers in Cancer Drug Development meeting in Brussels to ...address the existing dichotomy between increasing calls for personalised oncology approaches based on individual molecular profiles and the need to make resource and regulatory decisions at the societal level in differing health-care delivery systems around the globe. Novel clinical trial designs, the utility and limitations of real-world evidence (RWE) and emerging technologies for profiling patient tumours and tumour-derived DNA in plasma were discussed. While randomised clinical trials remain the gold standard approach to defining clinical utility of local and systemic therapeutic interventions, the broader adoption of comprehensive tumour profiling and novel trial designs coupled with RWE may allow patient and physician autonomy to be appropriately balanced with broader assessments of safety and overall societal benefit.
•Develop biomarkers using rigorous methodology, rationality in clinical context, not limited to drug development.•Standardise biomarker testing seeking equivalence between Companion Diagnostics and Laboratory-Developed Tests.•Improve clinical study designs to include patient-centred end-points and core outcome sets.•Bridge the gap between individualised and population-based oncology using real-world evidence.
The aim of the present study is to verify if gender modifies the clinical, adaptative and psychological outcomes of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subtypes. We evaluated 219 ...clinically referred adult patients. The interviews followed the DSM-IV criteria,using the K-SADS-E for ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder and SCID-IV for comorbidities. Regression models were used to analyze gender and subtype main effects and interactions in psychiatric outcomes. In the initial sample, 117 patients (53.5%) were of the combined subtype, 88 (40%) were inattentives and 14 (6.5%) hyperactives. There were no significant interactions between gender and subtype in any variable assessed. Men and women did not differ in the relative frequency of each subtype. Patients of the combined subtype in both genders presented a higher severity and increased rates of conduct and ODD disorders than inattentives. The main effects of gender and subtype in this sample are similar to those previously reported in other countries, suggesting the cross-cultural equivalence of the phenotype. The absence of significant interactions between gender and subtype suggests that, at least in clinical-based samples, DSM-IV adult ADHD subtypes present cross-gender validity.
We measured the g_{1} spin structure function of the deuteron at low Q^{2}, where QCD can be approximated with chiral perturbation theory (χPT). The data cover the resonance region, up to an ...invariant mass of W≈1.9 GeV. The generalized Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum, the moment Γ_{1}^{d} and the spin polarizability γ_{0}^{d} are precisely determined down to a minimum Q^{2} of 0.02 GeV^{2} for the first time, about 2.5 times lower than that of previous data. We compare them to several χPT calculations and models. These results are the first in a program of benchmark measurements of polarization observables in the χPT domain.
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