•Co(Ni)Mo catalysts were synthesized from heteropoly compounds and C-coated Al2O3.•Catalytic activity was essentially dependent on carbon content in carrier.•Carbon content influences the morphology ...of active phase and catalytic properties.•Concept of interlayer dynamics is helpful in establishing structure–activity relations for TMS.
Effects of activated carbon of a carbon-coated alumina support and active phase morphology of transition metal sulfide (TMS) catalysts in hydrotreatment (HDT) of S-containing compounds were studied. The catalysts were synthesized from Anderson-type heteropoly compounds and characterized with multiple methods: X-ray powder diffraction, N2 physisorption, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, pyridine-adsorbed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, H2 temperature-programmed reduction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The catalysts were tested in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene, dibenzothiophene and HDT of diesel. The results suggest that the catalytic activity in HDS and hydrogenation reactions depends on the shape of crystallites of the active phase. The results are interpreted using recently proposed concept of interlayer dynamics. This concept is helpful in establishing structure–activity relations for TMS.
The targeting of cancer stem cells by monoclonal antibodies offers new options for therapy. CD24 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein with a small protein core and a high level ...of glycosylation. It is overexpressed in many human carcinomas and is correlated with poor prognosis. CD24 is a marker for pancreatic and ovarian cancer stem cells, whereas breast cancer stem cells are negative for CD24. In cancer cell lines, changes of CD24 expression can alter cellular properties in vitro and tumour growth in vivo. We have shown before that monotherapy with monoclonal antibody (mAb) SWA11 to CD24 effectively retarded tumour growth in xenotransplanted mice.
Here, we have investigated in more detail the molecular mechanisms of mAb SWA11 therapeutic effects in A549 lung and SKOV3ip ovarian carcinoma models in scid/beige and CD1 mice, respectively. We focused on anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-angiogenic and microenvironmental effects of SWA11 mAb treatment.
We find that CD24 targeting is associated with changes in tumour cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The treatment lead to increased infiltration of tumour tissues with immune cells suggesting involvement of ADCC. We found that SWA11 mAb treatment strongly altered the intratumoural cytokine microenvironment. The addition of SWA11 mAb to gemcitabine treatment strongly potentiated its anti-cancer efficacy in A549 lung cancer model.
Our data demonstrate that targeting of CD24 could be beneficial for the anti-cancer treatment combined with standard chemotherapy regimes.
Information about the delays between nodes of the computing cluster potentially can help to reduce the running time of a distributed application. However, this information is not always possible to ...obtain for the entire supercomputer. The paper proposes a method for load testing and transmission delays estimating by sending messages in the communication environment of the computing cluster. The method allows, according to the data obtained from a part of the nodes of the computing cluster, disseminate information about the delays on the untested part of computing cluster accordingly to the topological structure of cluster interconnects. An automatic search for pairs of computing nodes for which the expected behavior delays will be similar is performed. Estimation of the delay values is made on the basis of the similar pairs searching results and values of previously measured delays for a certain subset of connections between nodes. The method was tested on computing clusters K60 (Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KIAM RAS)) and BlueGene/P (Lomonosov Moscow State University) and clusters in Federal Research Center ‘‘Computer Science and Control’’ RAS.
A significant increase in the recording speed of very long baseline radio interferometry (VLBI) data and, accordingly, their volume (on the order of several hundred terabytes) requires reliable ...storage of these data for the possibility of repeated processing. An array of disk drives with redundancy can serve as one of the options for a reliable fault-tolerant long-term storage system for VLBI data (RAID is Redundant Array of Independent Disks). This paper presents the results of a study of the reliability of RAID software in the implementation of the ZFS file system (Zettabyte File System) in the raidz and raidz2 variants (analogs of RAID5 and RAID6) of the VLBI data storage system using the example of standard server equipment, and recommendations for creating such a system for long-term storage of this data in the correlation processing center of the RAS.
An analytical model of the magnetic field over the Martian surface in the southwestern part of the Elysium Planitia is constructed using satellite data and modified S-approximations within the ...framework of the structural-parametric approach. Analytic downward continuations of the magnetic field of Mars at various altitudes, including the planet’s surface, are presented.
An experimental method for studying the residual stresses of products made of polymer composite materials (PCMs) is considered. The test scheme used is in agreement with the tests recommended for the ...pipes made of glass-fiber-reinforced plastics (GFRPs) according to the API15LR specification. An experimental relationship is established between the frequency and phase shifts of the wave front in the signals from two sensors in the study area, which makes it possible to associate it with the physical and mechanical characteristics of the material. A research algorithm is presented and an analysis method for detecting the zones of residual stresses is developed by the example of a TSK 130 pipe branch from GFRP. An experimental method is proposed for relating the changing of the partial frequencies in the local area of a PCM with the value of residual stresses in the product during its manufacture.
Psana (Photon Science Analysis) is a software package that is used to analyze data produced by the Linac Coherent Light Source X‐ray free‐electron laser at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. ...The project began in 2011, is written primarily in C++ with some Python, and provides user interfaces in both C++ and Python. Most users use the Python interface. The same code can be run in real time while data are being taken as well as offline, executing on many nodes/cores using MPI for parallelization. It is publicly available and installable on the RHEL5/6/7 operating systems.
The software used to analyze data produced at the Linac Coherent Light Source X‐ray free‐electron laser is described.
A new combined method for solution of nonlinear reverse gravimetry tasks is tested in this work using three data types: gravity field, topography, and crustal thickness in the area of Elysium ...Planitia on Mars.
The modal analysis is considered as one of the lines of technical diagnostics for evaluating the quality of polymer composite materials (PCMs). It allows one to link the structure of modal ...characteristics of PCM element base in the amplitude-frequency domain. In the course of modal analysis, the complex construction of PCM as a heterogeneous material is transformed into a set of easy-to-understand independent systems with one degree of freedom. This structural approach is used to analyze the structure of PCM components. A laser is used to form an external action, with the help of which PCM components can form a wave field when vibrations pass through its thickness. Vibrations and deformations of PCM structural elements under a mechanical excitation are considered as the intrinsic vibration forms (vibration modes) of PCM elements — the filler and matrices. High-frequency laser actions extracts a constant wavefront, which is used for constructing an algorithm for recognition of the structure of PCM, including the detection of possible defects, such as changes in its density and various stratifications. To assess the technical condition of structural elements of PCM, a mathematical model was developed to assess the effect of defects on passage of a wave and the excitation of modal vibrations by the element base of PCM. The mathematical algorithm for estimating the acoustic conductivity of the wavefront, together with experimental data, was used for constructing a wave diagnostics algorithm. It made it possible to create an algorithm for a technical diagnostics of PCM elements. An experiment was conducted on the laser action on a carbon fiber panel with specially created defects. The frequency values found in various zones of carbon fiber showed a qualitative and quantitative change in the structure of PCM. It is shown that, to construct an effective model for diagnosing the technical condition of PCM elements, more experimental studies are required.
Little is known about the factors that enable the mobilisation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from the bone marrow into the blood stream and their recruitment to and retention in the tumour. ...We found specific migration of MSC towards growth factors present in pancreatic tumours, such as PDGF, EGF, VEGF and specific inhibitors Glivec, Erbitux and Avastin interfered with migration. Within a few hours, MSC migrated into spheroids consisting of pancreatic cancer cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells as measured by time-lapse microscopy. Supernatant from subconfluent MSC increased sprouting of HUVEC due to VEGF production by MSC itself as demonstrated by RT-PCR and ELISA. Only few MSCs were differentiated into endothelial cells in vitro, whereas in vivo differentiation was not observed. Lentiviral GFP-marked MSCs, injected in nude mice xenografted with orthotopic pancreatic tumours, preferentially migrated into the tumours as observed by FACS analysis of green fluorescent cells. By immunofluorescence and intravital microscopic studies, we found the interaction of MSC with the endothelium of blood vessels. Mesenchymal stem cells supported tumour angiogenesis in vivo, that is CD31(+) vessel density was increased after the transfer of MSC compared with siVEGF-MSC. Our data demonstrate the migration of MSC toward tumour vessels and suggest a supportive role in angiogenesis.
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