This paper describes a low complexity video codec with high coding efficiency. It was proposed to the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standardization effort of moving picture experts group and ...video coding experts group, and has been partially adopted into the initial HEVC test model under consideration design. The proposal utilizes a quadtree-based coding structure with support for macroblocks of size 64 × 64, 32 × 32, and 16 × 16 pixels. Entropy coding is performed using a low complexity variable length coding scheme with improved context adaptation compared to the context adaptive variable length coding design in H.264/AVC. The proposal's interpolation and deblocking filter designs improve coding efficiency, yet have low complexity. Finally, intra-picture coding methods have been improved to provide better subjective quality than H.264/AVC. The subjective quality of the proposed codec has been evaluated extensively within the HEVC project, with results indicating that similar visual quality to H.264/AVC High Profile anchors is achieved, measured by mean opinion score, using significantly fewer bits. Coding efficiency improvements are achieved with lower complexity than the H.264/AVC Baseline Profile, particularly suiting the proposal for high resolution, high quality applications in resource-constrained environments.
Conflicts over the management and governance of forests seem to be increasing. Previous media studies in this area have largely focused on analysing the portrayal of specific conflicts. This study ...aims to review how a broad range of forest conflicts are portrayed in the Swedish media, analysing their temporal, spatial, and relational dimensions. We applied topic modelling, a machine learning approach, to analyse 53,600 articles published in the Swedish daily press between 2012 and 2022. We identified 916 topics, of which 94 were of interest for this study. Our results showed ten areas of forest conflicts: hunting and fishing (35 % of total coverage), energy (24 %), recreation and tourism (11 %), nature conservation (8 %), forest damages (6 %), international issues (5 %), forestry (5 %), reindeer husbandry (4 %), media and politics (2 %), and mining (1 %). The overall coverage of forest conflicts increased significantly over the study period, potentially reflecting an actual increase in forest conflicts. Some of the conflicts were continuously reported upon over time, while the coverage of others exhibited seasonal or event-related patterns. Four conflicts received most of their coverage in specific regions, while others were covered across the whole of Sweden. A relational analysis of the conflicts revealed three clusters of forest conflicts focused respectively on industrial, cultural, and conservation conflicts. Our results emphasise the value of using topic modelling to understand the overall patterns and trends of the media coverage of current land use conflicts, while also highlighting potential areas of emerging conflicts that may be of special interest for planners and policy-makers to monitor and manage.
•Forest conflicts are often portrayed in local, regional and national media.•Machine learning allowed us to analyse forest conflicts in Swedish daily press.•The overall media coverage of forest conflicts has been increasing in recent years.•Some conflicts were seasonal, regional, and/or closely related to other conflicts.•Media analysis improves our understanding of forest-related conflicts.
The increasing proportion of video traffic in telecommunication networks puts an emphasis on efficient video compression technology. High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is the forthcoming video ...coding standard that provides substantial bit rate reductions compared to its predecessors. In the HEVC standardization process, technologies such as picture partitioning, reference picture management, and parameter sets are categorized as "high-level syntax." The design of the high-level syntax impacts the interface to systems and error resilience, and provides new functionalities. This paper presents an overview of the HEVC high-level syntax, including network abstraction layer unit headers, parameter sets, picture partitioning schemes, reference picture management, and supplemental enhancement information messages.
This paper presents an evaluation of using the MIUU mesoscale model to predict mean wind speed at 10 meters above ground. This was done by comparing the model output to 128 meteorological ...measurements in Sweden. Although some terrain-dependent bias was seen, the model worked surprisingly well. Mean absolute error (MAE) was 0.58 m/s or 0.52 m/s if a few measurements taken in highly complex terrain were excluded. By using a multiple regression model, taking into account the terrain at site, the latter value was lowered to 0.39 m/s.
The model described in this paper can be useful for a first evaluation of the wind conditions for small-scale wind power or when measurements are not feasible.
Dependent random access point pictures in HEVC Pettersson, Martin; Sjoberg, Rickard; Samuelsson, Jonatan
2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP),
09/2015
Conference Proceeding
This paper describes the concept and a number of system aspects for the Dependent Random Access Point (DRAP) picture, a new feature that was recently introduced in the High-Efficiency Video Coding ...(HEVC) standard. A DRAP picture is an inter-coded picture that may only reference the previous Intra Random Access Point (IRAP) picture and provides a random access point in the bitstream at the DRAP picture given that the IRAP picture is available. The DRAP picture is indicated in the HEVC bitstream by a supplementary enhancement indication (SEI) message. DRAP pictures could increase coding efficiency for random access configured bitstreams for video services like adaptive video streaming, video conferencing, and may also provide faster channel switching for broadcasted TV for a certain bitrate.
The MPEG standardization group has produced a large number of standards for video compression over the last three decades. Traditionally, the MPEG standards have either focused on highest available ...compression efficiency (e.g. MPEG-2, AVC and HEVC) or a desire to produce a royalty-free standard (e.g. IVC and WebVC). In January 2019, MPEG embarked on a new standardization project that can be said to be a hybrid of the two; MPEG-5 Essential Video Coding (EVC). The MPEG-5 EVC standard is being developed with a royalty-free Baseline profile at its base and a royalty bearing Main profile that provides excellent compression performance. The Main profile adds on top of the Baseline profile, 20 different coding tools that each can be individually turned off and, when needed, replaced by a corresponding Baseline profile tool. This structure makes it easy to fall back to a smaller set off tools in the future, if for example licensing complications occur around a specific tool, without breaking compatibility with already deployed decoders.
Uppsatsen undersöker några svenska populärvetenskapliga framställningar av Darwins idéer under halvseklet efter publiceringen av On the origin of species. De publikationer som studeras mest ingående ...är Ny illustrerad tidning och Verdandis småskrifter. Med hjälp av Ludwik Flecks vetenskapssociologiska tankar, jämte ett antal andra perspektiv på polulärvetenskapens form och funktion, resonerar jag om populariseringarnas folkbildande och stundtals politiska syften och sätt att presentera en omstridd teori som ovedersägligen sann. Uppsatsen innehåller också en översikt över populärvetenskapens historia i Europa och Sverige.
I uppsatsen jämförs William Paleys Natural Theology : or, evidence of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity, collected from the appearances of nature från 1802 med Michale J. Behes Darwin's black ...box : The biochemical challenge to evolution från 1996. Jämförelsen kontextualiseras med en skiss över evolutionsteorimotståndets historia under den mellanliggande perioden, som tillsammans med själva den vetenskapliga utvecklingen, antas förklara de skillnader i tilltal och val av argument som föreligger mellan de två verken. I fråga om grundläggande budskap, idéstruktur, syfte och religiositet befinns de två verken ligga varandra betydligt närmare än vad som initialt kan tyckas vara fallet.