Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a collection of tiny distributed sensor nodes that have been used to sense the physical parameters of the environment where it has been deployed. Data dissemination ...is an important activity performed in WSNs in order to administer and manage them. Gossiping makes the network to transmit the same data item multiple times by multiple sensor nodes to their neighbors until they reach the required nodes which are in need of them. These multiple transmissions result in a problem called a Redundant Broadcast Storm Problem (RBSP). Moreover, the RBSP results in too many senders’ problem and also leads to the consumption of more energy in the network. In data dissemination, providing energy efficiency and security are the two major challenging issues. In such a scenario, the attackers may make use of the weakness in security provisions available in the network and they can perform unauthorized activities to disrupt the process of data dissemination. Hence, it is necessary to address the issues of RBSP, energy consumption, security and too many senders problem in order to enhance the reliability and security of communication in WSN for data dissemination. In this paper, a novel protocol named Cluster based Secured Data dissemination Protocol (CSDP) has been proposed for providing energy efficient and secured dissemination of data. The proposed protocol is a distributed protocol which considers the route discovery process, cluster formation, cluster head selection, cluster based routing and security through the design of a new digital signature based authentication algorithm, trust based security enhancement and encryption techniques for effective key management. The major contributions of the proposed work include the proposal of cryptography based public key and private key generation algorithms, techniques for trust score computation and malicious node identification and finally the effective prevention of malicious activities for enhancing the security of the network. Moreover, this work considers node identification techniques for effective clustering of nodes and performs optimal route discovery and secured transmission of packets. This work is novel with respect to multicast based data dissemination protocol, proposal of combined signature generation and verification schemes, encryption based key management and distributed data collection and communication techniques. In addition, an Intelligent Fuzzy based Unequal Clustering algorithm is used to perform effective clustering process and the traffic analyzer to identify the intruders by monitoring the node’s behaviors and their trust values. The proposed protocol has been extensively tested with realistic simulation parameters using NS2 simulator. The simulation results obtained from this work have proved that the proposed protocol improves the level of security through the proposal of a time efficient encryption and decryption algorithm with increase in packet delivery ratio and network throughput and at the same time it reduces the energy consumption as well as delay in data dissemination.
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), energy optimization and the provision of security are the major design challenges. Since the wireless sensor devices are energy constrained, the issue of high ...energy consumption by the malicious nodes must be addressed well in order to enhance the network performance by making increased network lifetime, reduced energy consumption and delay. In the past, many researchers worked in the provision of new techniques for providing improved security to WSN in order to enhance the reliability in the routing process. However, most of the existing routing techniques are not able to achieve the required security through the use of intelligent techniques for safeguarding the sensor nodes from malicious attacks. In order to address these problems, a new fuzzy temporal clustering-based secured communication model with trust analysis and outlier detection has been developed in this research work. For this purpose, a new fuzzy temporal rule-based cluster-based routing algorithm with trust modelling and outlier detection for monitoring the nodes participating in the communication has been proposed. In addition, a fuzzy temporal rule- and distance-based outlier detection algorithm is also proposed in this paper for distinguishing the malicious nodes from other nodes within each cluster of the network and has been used in the secured routing algorithm. The proposed secure routing algorithm uses the temporal reasoning tasks of explanation-based learning and prediction as well as spatial constraints for making efficient routing decisions through the application of trust and key management techniques for performing effective authentication of nodes and thereby isolating the malicious nodes from communication through outlier detection. By applying these two proposed algorithms for communication in the proposed work, it is proved through experiments that the proposed secure routing algorithm and the outlier detection algorithm are able to perform secured and reliable routing through genuine cluster head nodes more effectively. Moreover, these two algorithms provide improved quality of service with respect to the reliability of communication, packet delivery ratio, reduction in end-to-end delay and reduced energy consumption.
Wireless sensor networks consist of many tiny sensor nodes which are deployed in various geographical locations for sensing the normal spectacles and also to transmit the collected information to the ...base station which is also named destination node through multiple nodes present in the network. Most of the existing heuristics algorithms used for finding the optimal routes have limitations in the provision of effective solutions for routing and clustering mechanisms in larger search spaces. Hence, when the search space increases exponentially, the chance of creating the optimal solution for clustering and routing is decreasing and ultimately an un-optimized process depletes the sensor node resources. In order to address the challenges and limitations present in the existing routing systems, two new heuristics algorithms namely gravitational approach based clustering method and a clustered gravitational routing algorithm have been proposed in this paper for providing an optimal solution for efficient clustering and effective routing. Moreover, a fuzzy logic based deductive inference system has been designed and used in this work for selecting the most appropriate nodes as cluster head nodes from the nodes present in each cluster. The simulation results obtained from this work show that the clustering accuracy and the network lifetime are increased and the energy consumption as well as delay are reduced with the application of these proposed algorithms.
As an influential technology of swarm evolutionary computing (SEC), the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has attracted extensive attention from all walks of life. However, how to ...rationally and effectively utilize the population resources to equilibrate the exploration and utilization is still a key dispute to be resolved. In this paper, we propose a novel PSO algorithm called Chaos Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (CAPSO), which adaptively adjust the inertia weight parameter <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">w </tex-math></inline-formula> and acceleration coefficients <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">c_{1},c_{2} </tex-math></inline-formula>, and introduces a controlling factor <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\gamma </tex-math></inline-formula> based on chaos theory to adaptively adjust the range of chaotic search. This makes the algorithm have favorable adaptability, and then the particles cannot only effectively prevent missing the global optimal solution, but also have a high probability of jumping out of the local optimal solution. To verify the stability, convergence speed, and accuracy of CAPSO, we conduct ample experiments on 6 test functions. In addition, to further verify the effectiveness and scalability of CAPSO, comparative experiments are carried out on the CEC2013 test suite. Finally, the results prove that CAPSO outperforms other peer algorithms to achieve satisfactory performance.
Dissemination is a service provided for Wireless Sensor Networks to update the deployed sensor nodes online by using over air programming through radio communication. Since the centralized data ...dissemination approaches suffer from the limitations of single point of failure, lack of scalability and inability to provide better security they have been replaced by the distributed approaches. In distributed data dissemination, the dissemination privileges are delegated by the network owners to the network users to disseminate the data items on their behalf. In the distributed data dissemination, security is a major concern. The adversaries can easily exploit the security vulnerabilities and launch various security attacks that can disrupt data dissemination process. In this paper we propose the novel Secured-Selective Design Relay Inquiry Protocol (S-SELDRIP) which provides the secured optimal routing by means of hop by hop authentication during data dissemination. The feasibility and efficiency of S-SELDRIP scheme have been analyzed by considering possible vulnerabilities during the data dissemination and the extent to which the proposed scheme is able to withstand them. The proposed protocol is tested in NS2 Mannasim framework and results have taken by measuring the various parameters through repeated simulations. Simulation results justify the viability of the proposed scheme.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a distributed collection of sensor nodes which are distributed geographically in the deployed environment to sense the natural phenomena. The sensed data are ...transmitted by the nodes using multi-hop communication until it reaches to the base station. Due to its resource-constraint nature of device and its communication in open and unfriendly environment, providing energy optimization along with the secured communication is a major challenge. In this work, a trust-aware neuro-fuzzy-based clustering along with sparrow search optimization algorithm (NF-SSOA) is proposed to provide energy-efficient trust-aware cluster-based secured data transmission in WSNs. The proposed protocol performs effective clustering of the nodes by employing neuro-fuzzy clustering algorithm, and routing is performed by sparrow search optimization algorithm. ECC-based digital signature algorithm is used in the proposed system to provide an efficient lightweight key generation, encryption, decryption, signature generation, and verification and to ensure hop-to-hop authentication of the nodes in WSNs. Moreover, the proposed protocol employs pseudo-random identity generation for performing anonymous authentication during data transmission in the network. The proposed protocol is implemented by using NS3 simulator. The simulation results prove that the proposed protocol improves energy consumption analysis, throughput, network delay, network lifetime, and packet delivery ratio when it is compared with other existing protocols. Moreover, the proposed protocol shows significant potential for resistance to various security and improves the quality of services in the network.
Traffic has been on the rise since the past decade that pose threats to driving safety and traffic efficiency. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) evolved as an alternative solution to ensure ...traffic efficiency, safety and provides comfort to the commuters on roads. In traditional transportation systems, there exist problems related to safety, traffic management, congestion, routing, road infrastructure management, emergency response, communication, and security which can be solved by ITS. From the existing literature, it is evident that several classes of applications pertaining to safety, surveillance, traffic management, weather/pollution monitoring, disaster management in ITS will create an incredible experience to the commuters and the drivers. ITS engulfs applications pertaining to monitor road surfaces incisively and to recognize risks to alleviate unsafe environments and perilous accidents by means of wireless communications. This provides a motivation in this paper to review distinct types of various research works pertaining to applications of Intelligent Transportation Systems which address the problem of traffic congestion, safety and efficiency in modern ITS. Various applications, communication techniques and security are summarized, analyzed and compared with the existing works using various performance metrics. Moreover, an in-depth survey is carried out to provide insights to bridge the gaps and directions for future researchers. Further, in this paper, the case studies related to ITS have been discussed to identify how the paradigm shift will take us to the design of the future transportation systems.
Cloud Network has emerged as one of the most adopted technologies both among the end-users and the developers. Despite cloud networks being popular, security in cloud remains a pivotal research ...challenge and a topic that is much discussed about. Denial of service (DoS) attack is carried out in cloud by one or more perpetrators using multiple compromised nodes to flood a specific target and thereby resulting in unavailability of services. Classification methods can be used effectively to identify attack signature or recurring patterns of such DoS attacks. Therefore, classification using machine learning techniques have been used in this work for feature selection and classification in order to identify the DoS attacks. For this purpose, a new rule based approach for detecting the DoS attacks which uses a domain expert’s knowledge has been proposed in this paper. Moreover, two new algorithms namely Feature Selection Algorithm using Scoring and Ranking and Rule based Classification Algorithm for detecting DoS Attacks are proposed in this paper in which the final classification is carried out by applying the rules from the rule base and is validated using a domain-expert. We have evaluated the proposed system on an experimental set-up on cloud and used real time DoS tools and observed that the proposed method achieved better DoS attack detection accuracy than the existing classification algorithms used for security.
Polymer matrix composites synthesized with biodegradable natural fiber obtain a predominant structure with specific properties at a low-processing cost. The unique characteristics of polymer matrix ...composites were magnetized in automotive parts like top roof, panel, and seat frame applications. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) G99 analyzed the wear characteristics of synthesized composites through a pin-on-disc wear tester with an EN32 steel disc. The epoxy hybrid composites have been synthesized via a conventional casting process assisted with a mechanical interlock technique to obtain a predominant structure with specific properties at a low-processing cost. The advanced composite contained different jute weights (50, 25, 50, and 75 g) and coconut coir (50, 70, 45, and 20 g) hybridized with graphite particles. ASTM D2240, D638, and D790 standards evaluated the fabricated composite hardness, tensile, and flexural strength. The Sample 4 hybrid composite found maximum hardness, tensile, and flexural strength of 27.41 ± 0.99 Hv, 51.69 ± 1.01MPa, and 55.94 ± 0.78 MPa, respectively. Sample 4 offered good wear resistance of their volumetric wear rate of 0.043 cm3 on 40 N average load at 0.25 m/s sliding speed. It is increased by 12% compared to Sample 1 at 40 N applied load on 2.5 m/s sliding speed.
•We have generated cancellable template for every minutiae in the fingerprint.•Multiline neighboring relation shows the relation of reference minutiae and its neighbors.•We have selected only ...neighboring minutiae which are present in the M rectangles drawn around every reference minutiae.•Proposed method shows better performance in case of lost-token attack.•Revocability and security analysis is analyzed.
Security and privacy concern of biometric information leads to the attention for generating cancellable template from the original biometric template. We proposed an alignment free cancellable template generation by construction of M rectangles with different orientations around every reference minutiae followed by the calculation of rotation invariant and translation invariant neighboring relation, plane based quantization for bit string generation and matching. The proposed method fulfills non-invertibility, accuracy, diversity and revocability properties which are the primary requirements of cancellable template design. The EER obtained for FVC 2002 DB1, DB2, and DB3 is 0.62%, 1.33%, and 2.64% for same key scenario. The proposed method shows the better performance for FVC 2002 DB1, DB2, and DB3 compared to the existing methods (Wang & Hu, 2012, 2014; Ahmad et al., 2011).
